IEC TR 60919-1:2010

IEC/TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters–
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

IEC/TR 60919-1:2010+A1:2013(E)

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The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

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IEC/TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-04
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-

commutated converters–
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-0794-9

– 2 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2010+A1:2013(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7

1 Scope . 9

2 Normative references . 10

3 Types of HVDC systems . 11

3.1 General . 11

3.2 HVDC back-to-back system . 11

3.3 Monopolar earth return HVDC system . 13
3.4 Monopolar metallic return HVDC system . 15
3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system . 16
3.6 Bipolar metallic return HVDC system . 19
3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole . 20
3.8 Converter transformer arrangements . 21
3.9 DC switching considerations . 25
3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems . 28
4 Environment information . 32
5 Rated power, current and voltage . 34
5.1 Rated power . 34
5.1.1 General . 34
5.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line . 35
5.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system . 35
5.1.4 Direction of power flow . 35
5.2 Rated current . 35
5.3 Rated voltage . 35
6 Overload and equipment capability . 36
6.1 Overload . 36
6.2 Equipment capability . 36
6.2.1 General . 36
6.2.2 Converter valve capability . 37
6.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors . 37
6.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment
capability . 37
6.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability . 38
7 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state . 38
7.1 General . 38
7.2 Minimum current. 38
7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation . 38
7.4 No-load stand-by state . 39
7.4.1 General . 39
7.4.2 Converter transformers – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.3 Converter valves – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.5 DC reactors and d.c. filters – No-load stand-by . 39
7.4.6 Auxiliary power system – No-load stand-by. 39
7.4.7 Control and protection – No-load stand-by . 39

TR 60919-1  IEC:2010+A1:2013(E) – 3 –

8 AC system . 39

8.1 General . 39

8.2 AC voltage . 40

8.2.1 Rated a.c. voltage . 40

8.2.2 Steady-state voltage range . 40

8.2.3 Negative sequence voltage . 41

8.3 Frequency . 41

8.3.1 Rated frequency . 41

8.3.2 Steady-state frequency range . 41

8.3.3 Short-term frequency variation . 41
8.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency . 41
8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency . 41
8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies . 41
8.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance . 42
8.7 Other sources of harmonics . 42
8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) . 42
9 Reactive power . 42
9.1 General . 42
9.2 Conventional HVDC systems . 42
9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes . 44
9.4 Converter reactive power consumption . 44
9.5 Reactive power balance with the a.c. system . 44
9.6 Reactive power supply . 45
9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks . 45
10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode . 45
10.1 General . 45
10.2 Overhead line(s) . 45
10.2.1 General . 45
10.2.2 Electrical parameters . 46
10.3 Cable line(s) . 46
10.3.1 General . 46
10.3.2 Electrical parameters . 46
10.4 Earth electrode line . 47
10.5 Earth electrode . 47
11 Reliability . 47

11.1 General . 47
11.2 Outage . 47
11.2.1 General . 47
11.2.2 Scheduled outage . 47
11.2.3 Forced outage . 48
11.3 Capacity . 48
11.3.1 General . 48
11.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity P . 48
m
11.3.3 Outage capacity P . 48
o
11.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) . 48
11.4 Outage duration terms . 48
11.4.1 Actual outage duration (AOD) . 48
11.4.2 Equivalent outage duration (EOD) . 48

– 4 – TR 60919-1  IEC:2010+A1:2013(E)

11.4.3 Period hours (PH) . 49

11.4.4 Actual outage hours (AOH) . 49

11.4.5 Equivalent outage hours (EOH) . 49

11.5 Energy unavailability (EU) . 49

11.5.1 General . 49

11.5.2 Forced energy unavailability (FEU) . 50

11.5.3 Scheduled
...

IEC TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form

or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from

either IEC or IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester. If you have any questions about IEC
copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or

your local IEC member National Committee for further information.

IEC Central Office Tel.: +41 22 919 02 11
3, rue de Varembé Fax: +41 22 919 03 00

CH-1211 Geneva 20 info@iec.ch
Switzerland www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.

About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.

IEC Catalogue - webstore.iec.ch/catalogue Electropedia - www.electropedia.org
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iPad. Vocabulary (IEV) online.

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and withdrawn publications. collected from earlier publications of IEC TC 37, 77, 86 and

CISPR.
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Centre: csc@iec.ch.
IEC TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
TECHNICAL
REPORT
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-

commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.200; 29.240.99 ISBN 978-2-8322-4412-8

IEC TR 60919-1 ®
Edition 3.2 2017-05
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
colour
inside
Performance of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems with line-
commutated converters –
Part 1: Steady-state conditions

– 2 – IEC TR 60919-1:2010+AMD1:2013
+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Types of HVDC systems . 11
3.1 General . 11
3.2 HVDC back-to-back system . 11
3.3 Monopolar HVDC system with earth return HVDC system . 13
3.4 Monopolar HVDC system with metallic return HVDC system . 15
3.5 Bipolar earth return HVDC system . 16
3.6 Bipolar HVDC system with metallic return HVDC system . 20
3.7 Two 12-pulse groups per pole . 22
3.8 Converter transformer arrangements . 22
3.9 DC switching considerations . 27
3.10 Series capacitor compensated HVDC systems . 29
3.11 LCC/VSC hybrid bipolar system . 33
4 Environment information . 34
5 Rated power, current and voltage . 37
5.1 Rated power . 37
5.1.1 General . 37
5.1.2 Rated power of an HVDC system with transmission line . 37
5.1.3 Rated power of an HVDC back-to-back system . 37
5.1.4 Direction of power flow . 38
5.2 Rated current . 38
5.3 Rated voltage . 38
6 Overload and equipment capability . 38
6.1 Overload . 38
6.2 Equipment capability . 39
6.2.1 General . 39
6.2.2 Converter valve capability . 39
6.2.3 Capability of oil-cooled transformers and reactors . 40
6.2.4 AC harmonic filter and reactive power compensation equipment
capability . 40
6.2.5 Switchgear and buswork capability . 40
7 Minimum power transfer and no-load stand-by state . 40
7.1 General . 40
7.2 Minimum current. 40
7.3 Reduced direct voltage operation . 41
7.4 No-load stand-by state . 41
7.4.1 General . 41
7.4.2 Converter transformers – No-load stand-by . 41
7.4.3 Converter valves – No-load stand-by . 41
7.4.4 AC filters and reactive compensation – No-load stand-by . 42
7.4.5 DC reactors and d.c. filters – No-load stand-by . 42
7.4.6 Auxiliary power system – No-load stand-by. 42
7.4.7 Control and protection – No-load stand-by . 42
8 AC system . 42

+AMD2:2017 CSV  IEC 2017
8.1 General . 42
8.2 AC voltage . 42
8.2.1 Rated a.c. voltage . 42
8.2.2 Steady-state voltage range . 42
8.2.3 Negative sequence voltage . 43
8.3 Frequency . 43
8.3.1 Rated frequency . 43
8.3.2 Steady-state frequency range . 43
8.3.3 Short-term frequency variation . 44
8.3.4 Frequency variation during emergency . 44
8.4 System impedance at fundamental frequency . 44
8.5 System impedance at harmonic frequencies . 44
8.6 Positive and zero-sequence surge impedance . 44
8.7 Other sources of harmonics . 44
8.8 Subsynchronous torsional interaction (SSTI) . 45
9 Reactive power . 45
9.1 General . 45
9.2 Conventional HVDC systems . 45
9.3 Series capacitor compensated HVDC schemes . 47
9.4 Converter reactive power consumption . 47
9.5 Reactive power balance with the a.c. system . 47
9.6 Reactive power supply . 48
9.7 Maximum size of switchable VAR banks . 48
10 HVDC transmission line, earth electrode line and earth electrode . 48
10.1 General . 48
10.2 Overhead line(s) . 48
10.2.1 General . 48
10.2.2 Electrical parameters . 49
10.3 Cable line(s) . 49
10.3.1 General . 49
10.3.2 Electrical parameters . 49
10.4 Earth electrode line . 50
10.5 Earth electrode . 50
11 Reliability . 50
11.1 General . 50
11.2 Outage . 50
11.2.1 General . 50
11.2.2 Scheduled outage . 50
11.2.3 Forced outage . 51
11.3 Capacity . 51
11.3.1 General . 51
11.3.2 Maximum continuous capacity P . 51
m
11.3.3 Outage capacity P . 51
o
11.3.4 Outage derating factor (ODF) . 51
11.4 Outage duration terms .
...