IEC 61340-4-1:2003

IEC 61340-4-1 ®
Edition 2.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electrostatics –
Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications – Electrical resistance
of floor coverings and installed floors

Electrostatique –
Partie 4-1: Méthodes d'essai normalisées pour des applications spécifiques –
Résistance électrique des revêtements de sol et des sols finis

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IEC 61340-4-1 ®
Edition 2.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electrostatics –
Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications – Electrical resistance

of floor coverings and installed floors

Electrostatique –
Partie 4-1: Méthodes d'essai normalisées pour des applications spécifiques –

Résistance électrique des revêtements de sol et des sols finis

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99; 59.080.60 ISBN 978-2-8322-2657-5

IEC 61340-4-1 ®
Edition 2.1 2015-04
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Electrostatics –
Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications – Electrical resistance
of floor coverings and installed floors

Electrostatique –
Partie 4-1: Méthodes d'essai normalisées pour des applications spécifiques –
Résistance électrique des revêtements de sol et des sols finis

– 2 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Principle . 6
5 Apparatus . 6
5.1 Resistance measuring apparatus . 6
5.2 Measuring electrodes . 7
5.3 Counter-electrode . 7
5.4 Support plates . 7
5.5 Insulating plate . 7
6 Sampling for laboratory evaluations . 7
7 Preparation of test specimens . 8
8 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing . 8
9 Test procedures . 8
9.1 Cleaning electrodes . 8
9.2 Point-to-point resistance . 9
9.3 Vertical resistance (laboratory evaluations only) . 9
9.4 Resistance to ground . 10
10 Calculation and expression of results . 10
11 Test report. 10

Figure 1 – Example of two alternative designs for suitable measuring electrodes . 12

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrical resistance of floor coverings and installed floors
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendment has been prepared
for user convenience.
IEC 61340-4-1 edition 2.1 contains the second edition (2003-12) [documents 101/162/FDIS and
101/170/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2015-04) [documents 101/461/FDIS and 101/469/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content is
modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with deletions being
struck through. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available in this
publication.
– 4 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
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International Standard IEC 61340-4-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee
101:Electrostatics.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
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ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 4-1: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrical resistance of floor coverings and installed floors

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61340 specifies test methods for determining the electrical resistance of all
types of floor coverings and installed floors with resistance to ground, point-to-point
4 13
resistance and vertical resistance of between 10 Ω and 10 Ω. Laboratory evaluations
carried out under controlled environmental conditions can be used for classification or quality
control purposes. Tests on installed floors under uncontrolled ambient conditions can be used
to determine correct installation or as part of an ongoing system verification.
NOTE Although this standard does not include requirements for personal safety, attention is drawn to the fact that
all concerned might need to comply with the relevant local statutory requirements regarding the health and safety
of all persons in all places of work that use floor coverings defined by the test method of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1957, Machine-made textile floor coverings – Selection and cutting of specimens for
physical tests
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
acceptance testing
testing carried out on flooring immediately after installation or on production samples prior to
initial acceptance by the customer
3.2
geometric mean
n
nth root of the product of n numbers, y⋅y⋅y
1 2 n
3.3
groundable point
attachment to a floor covering that facilitates its connection to ground
3.4 insulating material
material having a vertical resistance greater than 10 Ω
3.5
laboratory evaluations
measurements carried out under controlled laboratory conditions

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3.6
resistance to ground
electrical resistance measured between ground or a groundable point and a single electrode
placed on the use-surface
3.7
point-to-point resistance
electrical resistance measured between two electrodes placed on the use-surface
3.8
vertical resistance
electrical resistance measured between the counter-electrode on the back of the material
under test and a single electrode placed on the use-surface
4 Principle
The resistance across the use-surface of the test material and through the test material is
measured using a high-resistance meter, or other suitable equipment. Point-to-point
resistance measurements are appropriate for evaluating a floor covering’s ability to conduct
charge across its use-surface or to act as a charge sink. Measurements of resistance through
floor coverings, i.e. resistance to ground and vertical resistance, are appropriate for
evaluating their ability to conduct charge from the use-surface or from conductors in contact
with the use-surface, to a charge sink beneath the floor covering. A simulation of the
resistance-to-ground measurement is made under laboratory conditions by attaching a
groundable point to the back of the floor covering under test.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Resistance measuring apparatus
This apparatus consists of a self-contained resistance meter (ohmmeter) or power supply and
current meter in the appropriate configuration for resistance measurement, with a ±10 %
accuracy, and capable of the following requirements.
5.1.1 Laboratory evaluations
The apparatus shall have a circuit voltage while under load of
– 10 V ± 0,5 V for resistance below 1,0 × 10 Ω
6 11
– 100 V ± 5 V for resistance between 1,0 × 10 Ω and 1,0 × 10 Ω
– 500 V ± 25 V for resistance above 1,0 × 10 Ω
The measuring range of the apparatus shall be at least one order of magnitude on either side
of the expected range of resistance being measured. The apparatus shall be used in a
manner that ensures that unintended ground paths do not influence measurements.
5.1.2 Acceptance testing
A laboratory evaluation apparatus shall be used for acceptance testing or an apparatus with
an open-circuit voltage of
– 10 V ± 0,5 V for resistance below 1,0 × 10 Ω
6 11
– 100 V ± 5 V for resistance between 1,0 × 10 Ω and 1,0 × 10 Ω
– 500 V ± 25 V for resistance above 1,0 × 10 Ω.

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The measuring range of the apparatus shall be at least one order of magnitude on either side
of the expected range of resistance being measured. The apparatus shall be used in a
manner that ensures that unintended ground paths do not influence measurements.
In case of dispute, laboratory evaluation apparatus shall be used.
5.2 Measuring electrodes
The measuring electrodes consist of two cylindrical metal electrodes (preferably stainless
steel) with terminals for connecting to the resistance measuring apparatus. Examples of
suitable electrodes are shown in Figure 1. Each electrode shall have a flat circular contact
area of 65 mm ± 5 mm in diameter. For measurements on hard, non-conformable surfaces, the
contact area shall be a conductive rubber pad with a Shore A durometer hardness of 60 ± 10.
The contact resistance of each measuring electrode fitted with a conductive rubber pad shall
be less than 1 000 Ω, measured by placing the measuring electrode directly on the counter-
electrode (see 5.3). For conformable surfaces, textile floor coverings, for example, the
conductive rubber pad need not be used, the contact area then being the bottom surface of
the metal electrode. The total mass of each measuring electrode shall be either
a) 2,5 kg ± 0,25 kg for measurements on hard, non-conformable surfaces; or
b) 5,0 kg ± 0,25 kg for measurements on all other surfaces.
NOTE A circular disc of insulating material with vertical resistance greater than 10 Ω may be used as a support
platform for additional weights (see Figure 1).
5.3 Counter-electrode
The counter-electrode consists of a flat stainless steel plate, 600 mm ± 10 mm square and of
1 mm (nominal) thickness, with a terminal for connection to the resistance measuring
apparatus.
5.4 Support plates
For point-to-point resistance measurements, where required (see Clause 6) and resistance to
ground measurements: support plates shall be equal in area to the test specimens, of
sufficient rigidity to hold specimens together for testing, and made from insulating material
with a vertical resistance at least one order of magnitude greater than the expected value or if
the expected value is unknown, greater than 10 Ω.
For vertical resistance measurements, where required (see Clause 6): flat metal plates, equal
in area to the test specimens and of sufficient rigidity to hold specimens together for testing,
shall be used.
5.5 Insulating plate
For vertical resistance measurements: a flat plate 640 mm ± 10 mm square, 5 mm ± 1 mm
thick, made from insulating material with a vertical resistance greater than 10 Ω shall be
used. For point-to-point and resistance to ground measurements: a flat plate 1 300 mm ±
10 mm by 600 mm ± 10 mm, 5 mm ± 1 mm thick, made from insulating material with a vertical
resistance at least one order of magnitude greater than the expected value or if the expected
value is unknown, greater than 10 Ω shall be used.
6 Sampling for laboratory evaluations
Selection and sampling of test materials shall be carried out according to ISO 1957. Although
ISO 1957 is intended for textile floor coverings, its principles are relevant to other types of
floor covering.
– 8 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
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For vertical resistance measurements, three specimens shall be tested, each being 500 mm ±
50 mm square.
For point-to-point and resistance to ground measurements, two specimens shall be tested,
each being 1 200 mm ± 50 mm by 500 mm ± 50 mm. Where directional differences may exist,
one specimen shall have its long side parallel to the machine direction and the other
specimen with its long side parallel to the cross-direction. For resistance to ground
measurements, a groundable point shall be attached to the underside of each specimen
according to the manufacturer’s instructions or as otherwise agreed.
It may be convenient to use the same specimens for both point-to-point and resistance to
ground measurements. If this is the case, the groundable points shall be attached to the
specimens but shall remain isolated from ground during point-to-point measurements.
For tiles smaller than the size required for testing, several tiles may be combined together,
cutting where necessary to achieve the required area. Support plates (see 5.4) may be
required. If so, they shall be attached to the tiles, and the edges of adjacent tiles joined
according to the manufacturer’s instructions or as otherwise agreed. If tiles are used to form
the test specimen, measurements shall include a test across a minimum of one joint.
Groundable points shall be attached to one or more tiles before application of the support
plates, bearing in mind the requirement for a minimum distance of 1 000 mm ± 50 mm
between a groundable point and the positions of measuring resistance to ground (see 9.4).
In some cases, it is required to test samples other than tiles fixed to metal support plates
using conductive adhesive. In such cases, mounting of the specimens to support plates shall
be done according to manufacturer’s instructions or as otherwise agreed.
7 Preparation of test specimens
If considered necessary, specimens shall be cleaned before conditioning and testing.
Cleaning shall be carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions or as otherwise
agreed.
Mounting of specimens to support plates, where necessary, shall be done before conditioning
and testing.
8 Atmosphere for conditioning and testing
Unless otherwise agreed or specified, the atmosphere for conditioning and testing shall be
23 °C ± 2 °C and 12 % ± 3 % relative humidity. The conditioning time prior to testing shall be at
least 48 h. Textile floor coverings are preferably pre-conditioned for at least 24 h at 20 °C ± 2 °C
and 65 % ± 3 % relative humidity prior to conditioning and testing.
During pre-conditioning and conditioning, specimens shall be placed on a rack or other
suitable support that allows free circulation of air around them.
Whenever tests are made in uncontrolled conditions, for example, tests on installed floors, the
ambient temperature and relative humidity at the time of measurement shall be recorded.
9 Test procedures
9.1 Cleaning electrodes
Prior to each test sequence, clean the contact area of the measuring and counter-electrodes
using a low-linting cloth moistened with either ethanol or propan-2-ol (≥95 % concentration).
Allow the surfaces to dry before making measurements.

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NOTE Users of this standard should take account of any local regulations governing the handling of solvents.
9.2 Point-to-point resistance
For laboratory evaluations, place the test specimen with its use-surface uppermost on the
insulating plate (see 5.5). Place the two measuring electrodes (see 5.2) on the test specimen
300 mm ± 10 mm distance centre to centre. If tiles are used to form the test specimen, place
the measuring electrodes so that they do not contact joints between adjacent tiles. Ensure
that any groundable points attached to the test specimens remain isolated from ground.
For tests on installed floors, the electrodes shall be placed on the floor surface with the same
distance between them as for laboratory evaluations.
Connect the measuring electrodes to the resistance measuring apparatus (see 5.1). Starting
with the voltage set to 10 V, take a reading of the resistance 15 s ± 2 s after applying the test
voltage. If the value exceeds 10 Ω, select 100 V and repeat the measurement. If the value
for this second measurement exceeds 10 Ω, select 500 V and make a final measurement.
Record the reading which matches the voltage and resistance range specified in 5.1, unless
either of the following situations occur:
a) the measured resistance at 10 V is greater than 1,0 × 10 Ω and the measured resistance
at 100 V is less than 1,0 × 10 Ω; or
b) the measured resistance at 100 V is greater than 1,0 × 10 Ω and the measured
resistance at 500 V is less than 1,0 × 10 Ω.
In which case the resistance measurement made at the higher voltage level shall be recorded.
For laboratory evaluations, repeat the measurement procedure at other positions with the
electrodes no closer than 100 mm from any previous measurement position. Measurements
shall be made in rectilinear directions, i.e. measurements with the electrodes placed in line
parallel to the direction of manufacture and separate measurements with the electrodes in line
orthogonal to the direction of manufacture. A total of at least six measurements per specimen
shall be made.
For tests on installed floors, the number of measurements shall be chosen so as to be
representative of the floor in question, but in any case shall be at least six.
9.3 Vertical resistance (laboratory evaluations only)
Place the counter-electrode (see 5.3) on the insulating plate (see 5.5). Place the specimen
with its use-surface uppermost on the counter-electrode. Place one measuring electrode (see
5.2) on the test specimen with its centre no closer than 100 mm to the test specimen’s edges.
If tiles are used to form the test specimen, place the measuring electrode so that it does not
contact joints between adjacent tiles.
Connect the measuring and counter-electrode to the resistance measuring apparatus (see
5.1). Starting with the voltage set to 10 V, take a reading of the resistance 15 s ± 2 s after
applying the test voltage. If the value exceeds 10 Ω, select 100 V and repeat the
measurement. If the value for this second measurement exceeds 10 Ω, select 500 V and
make a final measurement. Record the reading which matches the voltage and resistance
range specified in 5.1, unless either of the following situations occur:
a) the measured resistance at 10 V is greater than 1,0 × 10 Ω and the measured resistance
at 100 V is less than 1,0 × 10 Ω; or
b) the measured resistance at 100 V is greater than 1,0 × 10 Ω and the measured
resistance at 500 V is less than 1,0 × 10 Ω.
In this case, the resistance measurement made at the higher voltage level shall be recorded.

– 10 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
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Repeat the measurement procedure so that a total of at least six measurements are made on
each specimen. The position of the electrode shall be at least 100 mm from any previous
measurement position.
9.4 Resistance to ground
For laboratory evaluations, place the test specimen with its use-surface uppermost on the
insulating plate (see 5.5). Place one measuring electrode (see 5.2) on the test specimen with
its centre no closer than 100 mm to any of the test specimen’s edges. If tiles are used to form
the test specimen, place the measuring electrode so that it does not contact joints between
adjacent tiles.
Connect the measuring electrode and groundable point to the resistance measuring apparatus
(see 5.1). Starting with the voltage set to 10 V, take a reading of the resistance 15 s ± 2 s
after applying the test voltage. If the value exceeds 10 Ω, select 100 V and repeat the
measurement. If the value for this second measurement exceeds 10 Ω, select 500 V and
make a final measurement.
Record the reading which matches the voltage and resistance range specified in 5.1, unless
either of the following situations occur:
a) the measured resistance at 10 V is greater than 1,0 × 10 Ω and the measured resistance
at 100 V is less than 1,0 × 10 Ω; or
b) the measured resistance at 100 V is greater than 1,0 × 10 Ω and the measured
resistance at 500 V is less than 1,0 × 10 Ω.
In this case, the resistance measurement made at the higher voltage level shall be recorded.
Repeat the measurement procedure so that a total of at least six measurements are made on
each specimen. At least one measurement per specimen shall be made with the electrode
positioned directly above the groundable point and one measurement per specimen with the
electrode positioned 1 000 mm ± 50 mm from the groundable point. The position of the
electrode shall be at least 100 mm from any previous measurement position.
For measurements on installed floors, a measuring electrode is placed on the surface of the
floor covering and the resistance measuring apparatus is connected to the electrode and the
building ground or other suitable ground point. If the positions of groundable points are
known, make at least one measurement with the electrode positioned directly above the
groundable point and one measurement with the electrode positioned 1 000 mm ± 50 mm
from the groundable point.
The number of measurements shall be chosen so as to be representative of the floor in
question, but in any case shall be at least one measurement per 100 m with a minimum of
six measurements.
10 Calculation and expression of results
For each sample and each type of measurement, calculate the geometric mean of the
individual readings. Express both the individual results and the geometric means to two
significant figures.
11 Test report
The test report shall include at least the following information:
a) reference to this International Standard, i.e. IEC 61340-4-1;
b) all the information necessary for complete identification of test samples;

+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
c) date of testing;
d) the atmosphere for pre-conditioning, conditioning and testing as follows:
– for laboratory evaluations: temperature and relative humidity during pre-conditioning (if
used), conditioning and testing, and the duration of any pre-conditioning and
conditioning;
– for tests on installed floors: temperature and relative humidity during testing;
e) details of any cleaning or finishing procedures;
f) details of any procedures used to combine small specimens together;
g) details of any support plates used and procedures and materials used to fix samples to
support plates;
h) details of any procedures and materials used to fix groundable point(s) to samples;
i) type of measurement: point-to-point resistance, vertical resistance, resistance to ground;
j) the circuit voltage under load used when making measurements;
k) all individual results for each type of measurement on each specimen;
l) the geometric mean of all results for each type of measurement on each sample;
m) any operations not specified in this part of IEC 61340, or in any standard to which
normative reference is made, or regarded as optional, which might have affected the
results.
– 12 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
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Key
1 flexible instrumentation cable
2 insulated wire connected to
metal electrode mounting base
3 insulating material
4 metal electrode mounting base
5 conductive rubber pad
6 disc of insulating material used
to support any additional
weights required to bring the
total mass to that specified in
5.2a) or 5.2b)
7 metal electrode
8 flat-head screw
9 electrical connector
10 flexible instrumentation cable
11 groove to accommodate instru-
mentation cable (apply epoxy
adhesive to bottom of groove to
hold cable in place)
Dimensions in millimetres
Figure 1 – Example of two alternative designs for suitable measuring electrodes
___________
– 14 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
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SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 15
1 Domaine d’application . 17
2 Références normatives . 17
3 Termes et définitions . 17
4 Principe . 18
5 Appareillage . 18
5.1 Appareillage de mesure de la résistance . 18
5.2 Electrodes de mesure . 19
5.3 Contre-électrode . 19
5.4 Plaques de support . 19
5.5 Plaque isolante . 19
6 Echantillonnage pour des évaluations de laboratoire . 20
7 Préparation des éprouvettes d'essai . 20
8 Atmosphère pour conditionnement et essais . 20
9 Procédures d'essai . 21
9.1 Nettoyage des électrodes . 21
9.2 Résistance point-à-point . 21
9.3 Résistance verticale (évaluations de laboratoire uniquement) . 22
9.4 Résistance à la terre . 22
10 Calcul et expression des résultats . 23
11 Rapport d'essai . 23

Figure 1 – Exemple de deux conceptions alternatives pour des électrodes de mesure
adaptées . 24

+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
___________
ELECTROSTATIQUE –
Partie 4-1: Méthodes d'essai normalisées
pour des applications spécifiques –
Résistance électrique des revêtements de sol et des sols finis
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Cette version consolidée de la Norme IEC officielle et de son amendement a été préparée pour
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L’IEC 61340-4-1 édition 2.1 contient la deuxième édition (2003-12) [documents 101/162/FDIS et
101/170/RVD] et son amendement 1 (2015-04) [documents 101/461/FDIS et 101/469/RVD].
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– 16 – IEC 61340-4-1:2003
+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
La Norme internationale IEC 61340-4-1 a été établie par le comité d'études 101 de l’IEC:
Electrostatique.
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imprimer cette publication en utilisant une imprimante couleur.

+AMD1:2015 CSV  IEC 2015
ELECTROSTATIQUE –
Partie 4-1: Méthodes d'essai normalisées
pour des applications spécifiques –
Résistance électrique des revêtements de sol et des sols finis

1 Domaine d’application
La présente partie de l’IEC 61340 spécifie les méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de la
résistance électrique de tous les types de revêtements de planchers et de sols finis avec une
résistance à la terre, une résistance point à point et une résistance verticale ent
...