IEC 61935-1:2009
(Main)Specification for the testing of balanced and coaxial information technology cabling - Part 1: Installed balanced cabling as specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and related standards
Specification for the testing of balanced and coaxial information technology cabling - Part 1: Installed balanced cabling as specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and related standards
IEC 61935-1:2010 specifies reference measurement procedures for cabling parameters and the requirements for field tester accuracy to measure cabling parameters identified in ISO/IEC 11801. References in this standard to ISO/IEC 11801 mean ISO/IEC 11801 or equivalent cabling standards. It applies when the cable assemblies are constructed of cables complying with the IEC 61156 family of standards, and connecting hardware as specified in IEC 60603-7 family of standards or IEC 61076-3-104 and IEC 61076-3-110. This bilingual version, published in 2010-07, corresponds to the English version. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005, and constitutes a technical revision. It differs from the second edition in that it includes test methods for exogenous (alien) crosstalk. It also includes a new annex for uncertainty and variability of field test results.
Spécification rélative aux essais des câblages symétriques et coaxiaux des technologies de l'information - Partie 1: Câblages symétriques installés conformément à l'ISO/IEC 11801 et normes associées
La CEI 61935-1:2010 spécifie les procédures des mesures de référence pour les paramètres de câblage et les exigences pour la précision des appareils de contrôle sur le terrain pour mesurer les paramètres de câblage identifiés dans l'ISO/CEI 11801. Les références faites dans la présente norme à l'ISO/CEI 11801 renvoient à l'ISO/CEI 11801 ou à des normes de câblage équivalentes. Elle s'applique quand les câbles équipés sont constitués de câbles conformes à la famille des normes CEI 61156 et de matériel de connexion spécifié dans la famille de normes CEI 60603-7 ou dans la CEI 61076-3-104 et la CEI 61076-3-110. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2005, dont elle constitue une révision technique. Elle diffère de la deuxième édition en ce qu'elle contient des méthodes d'essai pour la diaphonie exogène (étrangère). Elle contient aussi une nouvelle annexe concernant l'incertitude et la variabilité des résultats d'essai sur le terrain. La présente version bilingue, publiée en 2010-07, correspond à la version anglaise.
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IEC 61935-1
®
Edition 3.0 2009-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Specification for the testing of balanced and coaxial information technology
cabling –
Part 1: Installed balanced cabling as specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and related
standards
IEC 61935-1:2009(E)
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2009 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
IEC Central Office
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CH-1211 Geneva 20
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Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
ƒ Catalogue of IEC publications: www.iec.ch/searchpub
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in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 61935-1
®
Edition 3.0 2009-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Specification for the testing of balanced and coaxial information technology
cabling –
Part 1: Installed balanced cabling as specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and related
standards
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XE
ICS 33.120.10 ISBN 978-2-88910-588-5
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 61935-1 © IEC:2009(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.8
INTRODUCTION.10
1 Scope.11
2 Normative references .12
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Reference measurement procedures for electrical properties .15
4.1 General .15
4.2 Test equipment considerations .15
4.2.1 General .15
4.2.2 Network analyzer test requirements.15
4.2.3 Termination of conductor pairs .16
4.2.4 Reference loads for calibration .17
4.2.5 Test configurations .17
4.2.6 Coaxial cables and test leads for network analyzers .18
4.2.7 Balun requirements .19
4.2.8 Network analyzer measurement precautions.20
4.2.9 Data reporting and accuracy.21
4.3 DC loop resistance .21
4.3.1 Objective .21
4.3.2 Test method .22
4.3.3 Test equipment and set-up .22
4.3.4 Procedure.22
4.3.5 Test report.22
4.3.6 Uncertainty.23
4.4 Direct current (d.c.) resistance unbalance .23
4.4.1 Objective .23
4.4.2 Test method .23
4.4.3 Test equipment and set-up .23
4.4.4 Procedure.23
4.4.5 Test report.24
4.4.6 Uncertainty.24
4.5 Insertion loss.24
4.5.1 Objective .24
4.5.2 Test method .24
4.5.3 Test equipment and set-up .25
4.5.4 Procedure.25
4.5.5 Test report.26
4.5.6 Temperature correction .26
4.5.7 Uncertainty.26
4.6 Propagation delay and delay skew .26
4.6.1 Objective .26
4.6.2 Test method .26
4.6.3 Test equipment and set-up .27
4.6.4 Procedure.27
4.6.5 Test report.27
4.6.6 Uncertainty.27
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61935-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 3 –
4.7 Near-end cross-talk (NEXT) and power sum NEXT.28
4.7.1 Objective .28
4.7.2 Test method .28
4.7.3 Test equipment and set-up .28
4.7.4 Procedure.28
4.7.5 Test report.29
4.7.6 Uncertainty.30
4.8 Attenuation to crosstalk ratio, near end (ACR-N) and power sum ACR-N.30
4.8.1 Objective .30
4.8.2 Test method .30
4.8.3 Test equipment and set-up .30
4.8.4 Procedure.30
4.8.5 Test report.30
4.8.6 Uncertainty.30
4.9 Far-end cross-talk (FEXT) and power sum FEXT.31
4.9.1 Objective .31
4.9.2 Test method .31
4.9.3 Test equipment and set-up .31
4.9.4 Procedure.32
4.9.5 Test report.32
4.9.6 Uncertainty of FEXT measurements .32
4.10 Equal level far end crosstalk (ELFEXT) and attenuation to crosstalk ratio, far
end (ACR-F).32
4.10.1 Objective .32
4.10.2 Calculation .33
4.10.3 Test report.33
4.10.4 Uncertainty.33
4.11 Return loss.33
4.11.1 Objective .33
4.11.2 Test method .33
4.11.3 Test equipment and set-up .34
4.11.4 Procedure.34
4.11.5 Test report.35
4.11.6 Uncertainty.35
4.12 PS alien near end crosstalk (PS ANEXT – Exogenous crosstalk).35
4.12.1 Objective .35
4.12.2 Test method .35
4.12.3 Test equipment and set-up .35
4.12.4 Procedure.36
4.13 PS attenuation to alien crosstalk ratio, far end crosstalk (PS AACR-F –
Exogenous crosstalk) .38
4.13.1 Objective .38
4.13.2 Test method .38
4.13.3 Test equipment and set-up .38
4.13.4 Procedure.40
4.14 Unbalance attenuation, near end.42
4.14.1 Objective .42
4.14.2 Test method .42
4.14.3 Test equipment and set-up .42
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 4 – 61935-1 © IEC:2009(E)
4.14.4 Procedure.43
4.14.5 Test report.45
4.14.6 Uncertainty.46
4.15 Unbalance attenuation, far end.46
4.15.1 Objective .46
4.15.2 Test method .46
4.15.3 Test equipment and set-up .46
4.15.4 Procedure.47
4.15.5 Test report.48
4.15.6 Uncertainty.48
4.16 Coupling attenuation .48
5 Field test measurement requirements for electrical properties .48
5.1 General .48
5.2 Cabling configurations tested .49
5.3 Field test parameters.49
5.3.1 General .49
5.3.2 Inspection of workmanship and connectivity testing .50
5.3.3 Propagation delay and delay skew.51
5.3.4 Length .51
5.3.5 Insertion loss.52
5.3.6 NEXT, power sum NEXT.52
5.3.7 ACR-N and power sum ACR-N .53
5.3.8 ELFEXT, power sum ELFEXT, ACR-F, power sum ACR-F .54
5.3.9 Return loss .55
5.3.10 Direct current (d.c.) loop resistance .55
5.4 Power sum alien crosstalk .55
5.4.1 Objective .55
5.4.2 Test method .56
5.4.3 Test equipment and set-up .56
5.4.4 Measuring ANEXT loss.56
5.4.5 Measuring AFEXT loss .57
5.4.6 Procedure.57
5.4.7 Calculation of PS ANEXT and PS AACR-F from measured data .57
5.4.8 Selection of test ports.60
5.4.9 Test report.62
5.4.10 Uncertainty of PS alien crosstalk measurements .62
5.5 Data reporting and accuracy.62
5.5.1 General .62
5.5.2 Detailed results .64
5.5.3 Summary results.64
5.5.4 Reporting requirements for power sum alien crosstalk .68
5.5.5 General .68
5.5.6 Consistency checks for field testers.68
5.5.7 Evaluation of consistency tests.69
5.5.8 Administration system applicability .69
5.5.9 Test equipment adapter cords for link testing.69
5.5.10 User cords and channel testing.69
6 Field tester measurement accuracy requirements .69
6.1 General .69
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
61935-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 5 –
6.2 Measurement accuracy specifications common to level IIE, level III, level
IIIE, and level IV field testers.73
6.3 Accuracy performance requirements for level IIE field testers.73
6.4 Accuracy performance requirements for level III field testers .75
6.5 Accuracy performance requirements for level IIIE field testers.77
6.6 Accuracy performance requirements for level IV field testers.79
6.7 Accuracy performance requirements for level IV field testers over 600 MHz .81
6.8 Field tester requirements applicable to alien crosstalk measurements .81
6.9 Procedures for determining field tester parameters .81
6.9.1 General .81
6.9.2 Output signal balance (OSB) .82
6.9.3 Common mode rejection (CMR) .82
6.9.4 Residual NEXT .83
6.9.5 Dynamic accuracy .84
6.9.6 Source/load return loss.85
6.9.7 Random noise floor .85
6.9.8 Residual FEXT .85
6.9.9 Directivity .86
6.9.10 Tracking .87
6.9.11 Source match .87
6.9.12 Return loss of remote termination .87
6.9.13 Constant error term of the propagation delay measurement function.88
6.9.14 Error constant term proportional to propagation delay of the
propagation delay measurement function.88
6.9.15 Constant error term of the delay skew measurement function .88
6.9.16 Constant error term of the length measurement function.88
6.9.17 Error constant proportional to length of the length measurement
function .88
6.9.18 Constant error term of the d.c. resistance measurement function.88
6.9.19 Error constant term proportional to d.c. resistance of the d.c.
resistance measurement function .89
6.9.20 Measurement floor for alien crosstalk testing during field testing .89
6.9.21 Measurement floor of the test device for the channel test
configuration .89
6.10 Measurement error models.90
6.10.1 General .90
6.10.2 Error model for the insertion loss measurement function .90
6.10.3 Error model for the NEXT measurement function.91
6.10.4 Error model for the power sum NEXT measurement function.91
6.10.5 Error model for the ACR-N measurement function .91
6.10.6 Error model for the power sum ACR-N measurement function .92
6.10.7 Error model for the ELFEXT or ACR-F measurement function .92
6.10.8 Error model for the power sum ELFEXT and PS ACR-F
measurement functions .93
6.10.9 Error model for the return loss measurement function .93
6.10.10 Error model for the propagation delay measurement function .94
6.10.11 Error model for the delay skew measurement function.95
6.10.12 Error model for the length measurement function .95
6.10.13 Error model for the d.c. loop resistance measurement function.95
6.11 Network analyzer measurement comparisons .95
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
– 6 – 61935-1 © IEC:2009(E)
6.11.1 General .95
6.11.2 Adapters.95
6.11.3 Comparison methods.98
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty and variability of field test results.102
Annex B (normative) Reference laboratory test configuration for alien crosstalk testing .106
Annex C (informative) General information on power sum alien crosstalk performance
of installations .109
Bibliography. 110
Figure 1 – Resistor load.16
Figure 2 – Reference planes for permanent link and channel .18
Figure 3 – 180° hybrid used as a balun.19
Figure 4 – Loop resistance measurement .22
Figure 5 – DC resistance unbalance measurement .24
Figure 6 – Insertion loss test configuration.25
Figure 7 – NEXT test configuration .28
Figure 8 – FEXT test configuration.31
Figure 9 – Return loss test configuration.34
Figure 10 – ANEXT measurement.36
Figure 11 – Alien far end crosstalk measurement.39
Figure 12 – Unbalance attenuation, near end test configuration .43
Figure 13 – Back-to-back balun differential mode insertion loss measurement .44
Figure 14 – Back-to-back balun common mode insertion loss measurement .44
Figure 15 – Unbalance performance test of the measurement balun .45
Figure 16 – Unbalance attenuation far end test configuration.47
Figure 17 – Correct pairing .50
Figure 18 – Incorrect pairing .51
Figure 19 – Schematic diagram to measure channel ANEXT loss .56
Figure 20 – AFEXT loss measurement test configuration .57
Figure 21 – Flow chart of the alien crosstalk test procedure.61
Figure 22 – Example of equipment tolerance region (NEXT) .63
Figure 23 – Block diagram for measuring output signal balance .82
Figure 24 – Block diagram to measure common mode rejection .83
Figure 25 – Block diagram for measuring residual NEXT.84
Figure 26 – Block diagram for measuring dynamic accuracy .84
Figure 27 – Principle of measurement of residual NEXT .86
Figure 28 – Principle of alternate measurement of residual FEXT .86
Figure 29 – Alien crosstalk measurement floor test for the channel test configuration .89
Figure 30 – Alien crosstalk measurement floor test for the link test configurations .90
Figure 31 – Construction details of special patch cord adapter.96
Figure 32 – Interfaces to channel by field test and laboratory equipment to compare
test results.97
Figure 33 – Interfaces to link test configuration by field test and laboratory equipment
to compare test results .98
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
61935-1 © IEC:2009(E) – 7 –
Figure 34 – Sample scatter plot .100
Figure A.1 – Source of variability during link testing. 103
Table 1 –
...
IEC 61935-1
®
Edition 3.0 2009-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Specification for the testing of balanced and coaxial information technology
cabling –
Part 1: Installed balanced cabling as specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and related
standards
Spécification relative aux essais des câblages symétriques et coaxiaux des
technologies de l’information –
Partie 1: Câblages symétriques installés conformément à l’ISO/IEC 11801 et
normes associées
IEC 61935-1:2009
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED
Copyright © 2009 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either IEC or
IEC's member National Committee in the country of the requester.
If you have any questions about IEC copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication,
please contact the address below or your local IEC member National Committee for further information.
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publication, utilisez les coordonnées ci-après ou contactez le Comité national de la CEI de votre pays de résidence.
IEC Central Office
3, rue de Varembé
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Switzerland
Email: inmail@iec.ch
Web: www.iec.ch
About the IEC
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is the leading global organization that prepares and publishes
International Standards for all electrical, electronic and related technologies.
About IEC publications
The technical content of IEC publications is kept under constant review by the IEC. Please make sure that you have the
latest edition, a corrigenda or an amendment might have been published.
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in English and French, with equivalent terms in additional languages. Also known as the International Electrotechnical
Vocabulary online.
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---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
IEC 61935-1
®
Edition 3.0 2009-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Specification for the testing of balanced and coaxial information technology
cabling –
Part 1: Installed balanced cabling as specified in ISO/IEC 11801 and related
standards
Spécification relative aux essais des câblages symétriques et coaxiaux des
technologies de l’information –
Partie 1: Câblages symétriques installés conformément à l’ISO/IEC 11801 et
normes associées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XE
CODE PRIX
ICS 33.120.10 ISBN 978-2-88912-117-5
® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
– 2 – 61935-1 © IEC:2009
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.8
INTRODUCTION.10
1 Scope.11
2 Normative references .12
3 Terms and definitions .13
4 Reference measurement procedures for electrical properties .15
4.1 General .15
4.2 Test equipment considerations .15
4.2.1 General .15
4.2.2 Network analyzer test requirements.15
4.2.3 Termination of conductor pairs .16
4.2.4 Reference loads for calibration .17
4.2.5 Test configurations .17
4.2.6 Coaxial cables and test leads for network analyzers .18
4.2.7 Balun requirements .19
4.2.8 Network analyzer measurement precautions.20
4.2.9 Data reporting and accuracy.21
4.3 DC loop resistance .21
4.3.1 Objective .21
4.3.2 Test method .22
4.3.3 Test equipment and set-up .22
4.3.4 Procedure.22
4.3.5 Test report.22
4.3.6 Uncertainty.23
4.4 Direct current (d.c.) resistance unbalance .23
4.4.1 Objective .23
4.4.2 Test method .23
4.4.3 Test equipment and set-up .23
4.4.4 Procedure.23
4.4.5 Test report.24
4.4.6 Uncertainty.24
4.5 Insertion loss.24
4.5.1 Objective .24
4.5.2 Test method .24
4.5.3 Test equipment and set-up .25
4.5.4 Procedure.25
4.5.5 Test report.26
4.5.6 Temperature correction .26
4.5.7 Uncertainty.26
4.6 Propagation delay and delay skew .26
4.6.1 Objective .26
4.6.2 Test method .26
4.6.3 Test equipment and set-up .27
4.6.4 Procedure.27
4.6.5 Test report.27
4.6.6 Uncertainty.27
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
61935-1 © IEC:2009 – 3 –
4.7 Near-end cross-talk (NEXT) and power sum NEXT.28
4.7.1 Objective .28
4.7.2 Test method .28
4.7.3 Test equipment and set-up .28
4.7.4 Procedure.28
4.7.5 Test report.29
4.7.6 Uncertainty.30
4.8 Attenuation to crosstalk ratio, near end (ACR-N) and power sum ACR-N.30
4.8.1 Objective .30
4.8.2 Test method .30
4.8.3 Test equipment and set-up .30
4.8.4 Procedure.30
4.8.5 Test report.30
4.8.6 Uncertainty.30
4.9 Far-end cross-talk (FEXT) and power sum FEXT.31
4.9.1 Objective .31
4.9.2 Test method .31
4.9.3 Test equipment and set-up .31
4.9.4 Procedure.32
4.9.5 Test report.32
4.9.6 Uncertainty of FEXT measurements .32
4.10 Equal level far end crosstalk (ELFEXT) and attenuation to crosstalk ratio, far
end (ACR-F).32
4.10.1 Objective .32
4.10.2 Calculation .33
4.10.3 Test report.33
4.10.4 Uncertainty.33
4.11 Return loss.33
4.11.1 Objective .33
4.11.2 Test method .33
4.11.3 Test equipment and set-up .34
4.11.4 Procedure.34
4.11.5 Test report.35
4.11.6 Uncertainty.35
4.12 PS alien near end crosstalk (PS ANEXT – Exogenous crosstalk).35
4.12.1 Objective .35
4.12.2 Test method .35
4.12.3 Test equipment and set-up .35
4.12.4 Procedure.36
4.13 PS attenuation to alien crosstalk ratio, far end crosstalk (PS AACR-F –
Exogenous crosstalk) .38
4.13.1 Objective .38
4.13.2 Test method .38
4.13.3 Test equipment and set-up .38
4.13.4 Procedure.40
4.14 Unbalance attenuation, near end.42
4.14.1 Objective .42
4.14.2 Test method .42
4.14.3 Test equipment and set-up .42
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
– 4 – 61935-1 © IEC:2009
4.14.4 Procedure.43
4.14.5 Test report.45
4.14.6 Uncertainty.46
4.15 Unbalance attenuation, far end.46
4.15.1 Objective .46
4.15.2 Test method .46
4.15.3 Test equipment and set-up .46
4.15.4 Procedure.47
4.15.5 Test report.48
4.15.6 Uncertainty.48
4.16 Coupling attenuation .48
5 Field test measurement requirements for electrical properties .48
5.1 General .48
5.2 Cabling configurations tested .49
5.3 Field test parameters.49
5.3.1 General .49
5.3.2 Inspection of workmanship and connectivity testing .50
5.3.3 Propagation delay and delay skew.51
5.3.4 Length .51
5.3.5 Insertion loss.52
5.3.6 NEXT, power sum NEXT.52
5.3.7 ACR-N and power sum ACR-N .53
5.3.8 ELFEXT, power sum ELFEXT, ACR-F, power sum ACR-F .54
5.3.9 Return loss .55
5.3.10 Direct current (d.c.) loop resistance .55
5.4 Power sum alien crosstalk .55
5.4.1 Objective .55
5.4.2 Test method .56
5.4.3 Test equipment and set-up .56
5.4.4 Measuring ANEXT loss.56
5.4.5 Measuring AFEXT loss .57
5.4.6 Procedure.57
5.4.7 Calculation of PS ANEXT and PS AACR-F from measured data .57
5.4.8 Selection of test ports.60
5.4.9 Test report.62
5.4.10 Uncertainty of PS alien crosstalk measurements .62
5.5 Data reporting and accuracy.62
5.5.1 General .62
5.5.2 Detailed results .64
5.5.3 Summary results.64
5.5.4 Reporting requirements for power sum alien crosstalk .68
5.5.5 General .68
5.5.6 Consistency checks for field testers.68
5.5.7 Evaluation of consistency tests.69
5.5.8 Administration system applicability .69
5.5.9 Test equipment adapter cords for link testing.69
5.5.10 User cords and channel testing.69
6 Field tester measurement accuracy requirements .69
6.1 General .69
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61935-1 © IEC:2009 – 5 –
6.2 Measurement accuracy specifications common to level IIE, level III, level
IIIE, and level IV field testers.73
6.3 Accuracy performance requirements for level IIE field testers.73
6.4 Accuracy performance requirements for level III field testers .75
6.5 Accuracy performance requirements for level IIIE field testers.77
6.6 Accuracy performance requirements for level IV field testers.79
6.7 Accuracy performance requirements for level IV field testers over 600 MHz .81
6.8 Field tester requirements applicable to alien crosstalk measurements .81
6.9 Procedures for determining field tester parameters .81
6.9.1 General .81
6.9.2 Output signal balance (OSB) .82
6.9.3 Common mode rejection (CMR) .82
6.9.4 Residual NEXT .83
6.9.5 Dynamic accuracy .84
6.9.6 Source/load return loss.85
6.9.7 Random noise floor .85
6.9.8 Residual FEXT .85
6.9.9 Directivity .86
6.9.10 Tracking .87
6.9.11 Source match .87
6.9.12 Return loss of remote termination .87
6.9.13 Constant error term of the propagation delay measurement function.88
6.9.14 Error constant term proportional to propagation delay of the
propagation delay measurement function.88
6.9.15 Constant error term of the delay skew measurement function .88
6.9.16 Constant error term of the length measurement function.88
6.9.17 Error constant proportional to length of the length measurement
function .88
6.9.18 Constant error term of the d.c. resistance measurement function.88
6.9.19 Error constant term proportional to d.c. resistance of the d.c.
resistance measurement function .89
6.9.20 Measurement floor for alien crosstalk testing during field testing .89
6.9.21 Measurement floor of the test device for the channel test
configuration .89
6.10 Measurement error models.90
6.10.1 General .90
6.10.2 Error model for the insertion loss measurement function .90
6.10.3 Error model for the NEXT measurement function.91
6.10.4 Error model for the power sum NEXT measurement function.91
6.10.5 Error model for the ACR-N measurement function .91
6.10.6 Error model for the power sum ACR-N measurement function .92
6.10.7 Error model for the ELFEXT or ACR-F measurement function .92
6.10.8 Error model for the power sum ELFEXT and PS ACR-F
measurement functions .93
6.10.9 Error model for the return loss measurement function .93
6.10.10 Error model for the propagation delay measurement function .94
6.10.11 Error model for the delay skew measurement function.95
6.10.12 Error model for the length measurement function .95
6.10.13 Error model for the d.c. loop resistance measurement function.95
6.11 Network analyzer measurement comparisons .95
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6.11.1 General .95
6.11.2 Adapters.96
6.11.3 Comparison methods.98
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty and variability of field test results.102
Annex B (normative) Reference laboratory test configuration for alien crosstalk testing .106
Annex C (informative) General information on power sum alien crosstalk performance
of installations .109
Bibliography.110
Figure 1 – Resistor load.16
Figure 2 – Reference planes for permanent link and channel .18
Figure 3 – 180° hybrid used as a balun.19
Figure 4 – Loop resistance measurement .22
Figure 5 – DC resistance unbalance measurement .24
Figure 6 – Insertion loss test configuration.25
Figure 7 – NEXT test configuration .28
Figure 8 – FEXT test configuration.31
Figure 9 – Return loss test configuration.34
Figure 10 – ANEXT measurement.36
Figure 11 – Alien far end crosstalk measurement.39
Figure 12 – Unbalance attenuation, near end test configuration .43
Figure 13 – Back-to-back balun differential mode insertion loss measu
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