IEC 60034-4:2008

IEC 60034-4
Edition 3.0 2008-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination, à partir d’essais, des grandeurs des
machines synchrones
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IEC 60034-4
Edition 3.0 2008-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Rotating electrical machines –
Part 4: Methods for determining synchronous machine quantities from tests

Machines électriques tournantes –
Partie 4: Méthodes pour la détermination, à partir d’essais, des grandeurs des
machines synchrones
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
XC
CODE PRIX
ICS 29.160 ISBN 2-8318-9706-8
– 2 – 60034-4 © IEC:2008
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.7

1 Scope.9

2 Normative references .9

3 Terms and definitions .9

4 Symbols and units .14

5 Overview of tests.15

6 Test procedures .18

6.1 General .18
6.1.1 Instrumentation requirements .18
6.1.2 Excitation system requirements .18
6.1.3 Test conditions .18
6.1.4 Per unit base quantities .19
6.1.5 Conventions and assumptions .19
6.1.6 Consideration of magnetic saturation.20
6.2 Direct measurements of excitation current at rated load .21
6.3 Direct-current winding resistance measurements.21
6.4 No-load saturation test .22
6.4.1 Test procedure .22
6.4.2 No-load saturation characteristic determination .23
6.5 Sustained three-phase short-circuit test .23
6.5.1 Test procedure .23
6.5.2 Three-phase sustained short-circuit characteristic .24
6.6 Motor no-load test .24
6.7 Phase shifting test.24
6.8 Over-excitation test at zero power-factor .25
6.9 Negative excitation test .25
6.10 On-load test measuring the load angle .25
6.11 Low slip test .25
6.12 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test .26
6.13 Voltage recovery test.27
6.14 Suddenly applied short-circuit test following disconnection from line .27
6.15 Direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill test.27

6.16 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited .28
6.17 Applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis positions .29
6.18 Applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position.29
6.19 Single phase voltage test applied to the three phases .30
6.20 Line-to-line sustained short-circuit test .30
6.21 Sudden line-to-line short-circuit .31
6.22 Line-to-line and to neutral sustained short-circuit test.31
6.23 Negative-phase sequence test .32
6.24 Field current decay test, with the armature winding open-circuited .32
6.24.1 Test at rated speed .32
6.24.2 Test at standstill .32
6.25 Field current decay test at rated speed with the armature-winding short-
circuited .32
6.26 Suddenly applied excitation with armature winding short-circuited .33

60034-4 © IEC:2008 – 3 –
6.27 Field current decay test at standstill with two phases of armature winding

short-circuited .33

6.28 Applied voltage test with rotor removed .33

6.29 No-load retardation test.34

6.30 Suspended rotor oscillation test .34

6.31 Locked rotor test .35

6.32 Over-excitation test at zero power factor and variable armature voltage .35

6.33 Asynchronous operation during the low-voltage test .35

6.34 Applied variable frequency voltage test at standstill.36

7 Determination of quantities.38

7.1 Graphic procedures and analysis of oscillographic records.38
7.1.1 No-load saturation and three-phase, sustained short-circuit curves .38
7.1.2 Sudden three-phase short-circuit test .38
7.1.3 Voltage recovery test.41
7.1.4 Direct current decay in the armature winding at standstill .41
7.1.5 Suddenly applied excitation test with armature winding open-circuited .43
7.2 Direct-axis synchronous reactance .44
7.2.1 From no-load saturation and three-phase sustained short-circuit test .44
7.2.2 From motor no-load test .44
7.2.3 From phase shifting test .44
7.2.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle .44
7.3 Direct-axis transient reactance .45
7.3.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test.45
7.3.2 From voltage recovery test .45
7.3.3 From d.c. decay test in the armature winding at standstill .45
7.3.4 Calculation from test values.45
7.4 Direct-axis sub-transient reactance .45
7.4.1 From sudden three-phase short-circuit test.45
7.4.2 From voltage recovery test .46
7.4.3 From applied voltage test with the rotor in direct and quadrature axis.46
7.4.4 From applied voltage test with the rotor in arbitrary position .46
7.5 Quadrature-axis synchronous reactance.47
7.5.1 From negative excitation test.47
7.5.2 From low slip test .47
7.5.3 From phase shifting test .48

7.5.4 From on-load test measuring the load angle .49
7.6 Quadrature-axis transient reactance.49
7.6.1 From direct current decay test in the armature winding at standstill .49
7.6.2 Calculation from test values.
...