IEC 60455-2:2023
(Main)Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test
IEC 60455-2:2023 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8;
b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
Composés réactifs à base de résines utilisés comme isolants électriques - Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai
L'IEC 60455-2:2023 spécifie les méthodes d'essai à utiliser pour vérifier les composés réactifs à base de résines, leurs composants et les composés durcis, utilisés pour l'isolation électrique. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2015. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente:
a) introduction des méthodes d'essai de l'IEC 60455-3-8;
b) ajout et mise à jour des méthodes d'essai pour les résines.
General Information
Relations
Overview
IEC 60455-2:2023 - Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test specifies standardized test methods for resin based reactive compounds, their components and cured compounds used in electrical insulation. This fourth edition (2023) cancels and replaces the 2015 edition and introduces technical revisions, including new test methods related to IEC 60455‑3‑8 and additional/updated resin test procedures. The standard is essential for consistent characterization of processing, mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical properties of insulating resins (epoxy, unsaturated polyester and others).
Key Topics and Technical Requirements
IEC 60455-2:2023 defines methods of test across a broad range of material attributes. Major technical topics include:
- Preparing and conditioning of test specimens, sequence of tests and required test reporting.
- Raw component tests: flash point, density, viscosity, volatile organic content, water content (Karl Fischer), epoxide/isocyanate equivalents, hydroxyl/acid/amine values.
- Processing and cure behaviour: isothermal viscosity increase (processing time), pot life, gel time, shelf life, exothermic temperature rise, curing in presence of water, degree of cure.
- Cured-material properties:
- Mechanical: tensile, compressive, flexural, impact, hardness.
- Thermal: glass transition, thermal conductivity, thermal shock, loss of mass, temperature index.
- Chemical: water absorption, resistance to liquid chemicals, mould growth, water vapour permeability.
- Electrical: volume resistivity, dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ), relative permittivity, breakdown voltage/electric strength, proof tracking index (PTI), electrolytic corrosion.
- Special tests: curing in thick layers, emissions during curing, total volume shrinkage, filler/ash/chlorine content and flammability assessments.
- Health & safety guidance (informative annex).
Practical Applications - Who Uses This Standard
IEC 60455-2:2023 is used by:
- Manufacturer R&D and quality control teams to validate resin formulations, processing windows and batch consistency.
- Test laboratories and certification bodies for accredited testing and conformity assessments of insulating compounds.
- Cable accessory and electrical component designers to select materials that meet mechanical, thermal and dielectric performance requirements.
- Procurement and specifications engineers to define acceptance criteria in supplier contracts and product standards.
- Utilities and OEMs evaluating long-term reliability (hydrolytic stability, electrical aging).
Benefits include reproducible performance data, improved safety, reduced field failures and easier regulatory/contractual compliance.
Related Standards
- IEC 60455 series (other Parts) - complementary methods and product requirements.
- IEC 60455‑3‑8 - specifically referenced in this edition for newly introduced test methods.
Using IEC 60455-2:2023 helps ensure that resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation are tested consistently for dielectric properties, curing behaviour, thermal stability and mechanical integrity, supporting safe and reliable electrical systems.
Standards Content (Sample)
IEC 60455-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2023-07
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
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inside
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation –
Part 2: Methods of test
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IEC 60455-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2023-07
REDLINE VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation –
Part 2: Methods of test
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 17.220.99, 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-7342-5
– 2 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 2
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 General notes on methods of test . 11
4.1 Preparation and conditioning. 11
4.2 Sequence of tests . 12
4.3 Test report . 12
5 Methods of test for reactive compounds and their components . 12
5.1 Flash point . 12
5.2 Density . 12
5.3 Viscosity . 12
5.4 Viscosity after storing at elevated temperature . 12
5.5 Content of volatile organic components . 13
5.6 Isothermal increase of viscosity (processing time) . 13
5.7 Shelf life . 13
5.8 Colour . 14
5.9 Softening temperature . 14
5.10 Ash content . 14
5.11 Filler content . 14
5.12 Chlorine content. 14
5.12.1 Total chlorine content of unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins . 14
5.12.2 Inorganic chlorine content of epoxide resins and glycidyl esters . 14
5.12.3 Easily saponifiable chlorine content of epoxide resins and related
materials . 14
5.13 Tendency of crystallisation . 14
5.14 Epoxide equivalent of epoxide resins . 14
5.15 Content of isocyanate . 14
5.16 Water content (Karl Fischer method) . 15
5.17 Hydroxyl value . 15
5.17.1 Polyester resins . 15
5.17.2 Resins other than polyester . 15
5.18 Acid value of polyester resins . 15
5.19 Amount of double bonds of unsaturated polyester and acrylate resins . 15
5.20 Acid and acid-anhydride content of acid-anhydride hardeners . 15
5.21 Amine value . 15
5.22 Pot life . 15
5.22.1 General . 15
5.22.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories . 15
5.23 Gel time . 16
5.23.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds . 16
5.23.2 Phenolic resin based compounds . 16
5.23.3 Other compounds . 16
5.24 Exothermic temperature rise . 16
5.24.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds . 16
5.24.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories . 16
5.24.3 Other compounds .
5.25 Total volume shrinkage of epoxide and unsaturated polyester based
compounds . 17
5.26 Curing in presence of water . 17
5.26.1 General . 17
5.26.2 Apparatus and materials . 17
5.26.3 Pouring device . 18
5.26.4 Procedure . 18
5.26.5 Test report . 18
5.27 Determination of the degree of curing . 19
5.28 Curing in thick layer and emissions during curing . 19
5.28.1 General . 20
5.28.2 Equipment . 20
5.28.3 Test specimen . 20
5.28.4 Procedure . 20
6 Methods of test for cured reactive compounds . 21
6.1 General . 22
6.2 Test specimens . 22
6.2.1 General . 22
6.2.2 Preparation of the reactive compound . 22
6.2.3 Preparation of test specimens. 22
6.2.4 Type and number of test specimens . 22
6.3 Density . 23
6.4 Mechanical properties . 23
6.4.1 Tensile properties . 23
6.4.2 Compressive properties . 23
6.4.3 Flexural properties . 23
6.4.4 Impact strength . 23
6.4.5 Hardness . 24
6.5 Thermal properties . 24
6.5.1 Bond strength at elevated temperature . 24
6.5.2 Linear thermal expansion . 24
6.5.3 Thermal conductivity . 24
6.5.4 Glass transition . 24
6.5.5 Flammability . 24
6.5.6 Thermal shock . 25
6.5.7 Dry heat resistance of resins for cable accessories – Method of test . 25
6.5.8 Wet heat resistance of resins for cable accessories . 26
6.5.9 Loss of mass . 28
6.5.10 Temperature index . 29
6.6 Chemical properties . 29
6.6.1 Water absorption . 29
6.6.2 Effect of liquid chemicals . 29
6.6.3 Resistance to mould growth . 30
6.6.4 Water vapour permeability . 30
6.7 Electrical properties . 30
6.7.1 Effect of water immersion on volume resistivity . 30
6.7.2 Dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and relative permittivity . 30
6.7.3 Break down voltage and electric strength . 31
– 4 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
6.7.4 Proof tracking index (PTI) . 33
6.7.5 Electrolytic corrosion . 33
Annex A (informative) Health and safety . 38
Bibliography . 39
Figure 1 – Test apparatus for curing in presence of water test .
Figure 2 – Test set-up for volume resistivity .
Figure 1 – Examination grid . 19
Figure 2 – Position of examination grid on the specimen . 19
Figure 3 – Example of electrode arrangement for flexible cured compound . 36
Figure 4 – Example of electrode arrangement for rigid cured compound . 37
Table 1 – Condition of the top side. 20
Table 2 – Condition of the bottom side . 21
Table 3 – Condition of the interior . 21
Table 4 – Voids . 21
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RESIN BASED REACTIVE COMPOUNDS USED
FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
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shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This redline version of the official IEC Standard allows the user to identify the changes
made to the previous edition IEC 60455-2:2015. A vertical bar appears in the margin
wherever a change has been made. Additions are in green text, deletions are in
strikethrough red text.
– 6 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
IEC 60455-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 15: Solid electrical insulating
materials. It is an International Standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8;
b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
15/1006/FDIS 15/1015/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60455 series, published under the general title Resin based reactive
compounds used for electrical insulation, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60455 is one of a series which deals with solvent-free resin based reactive
compounds and their components used for electrical insulation.
The series consists of three parts:
• Part 1: Definitions and general requirements;
• Part 2: Methods of test;
• Part 3: Specifications for individual materials.
– 8 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
RESIN BASED REACTIVE COMPOUNDS USED
FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60455 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive
compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60068-2-10:2005, Environmental testing – Part 2-10: Tests – Test J and guidance: Mould
growth
IEC 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 60112:20032020, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking
indices of solid insulating materials
IEC 60216 (all parts), Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties
IEC 60243-1:19982013, Electrical strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1:
Tests at power frequencies
IEC 60250:1969, Recommended methods for the determination of the permittivity and dielectric
dissipation factor of electrical insulating materials at power, audio and radio frequencies
including metre wavelengths
IEC 60296:20122020, Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Unused Mineral insulating oils
for transformers and switchgear electrical equipment
IEC 60426:2007, Electrical insulating materials – Determination of electrolytic corrosion caused
by insulating materials – Test methods
IEC 60455-1:1998, Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 1:
Definitions and general requirements
IEC 60455-3 (all parts), Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 3:
Specifications for individual materials
IEC 60455-3-8:20132021, Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part
3-8: Specifications for individual materials – Resins for cable accessories
IEC 60695-11-10:19992013, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal
and vertical flame test methods
IEC 60814:1997, Insulating liquids – Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard – Determination of
water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration
IEC 61033:1991, Test methods for the determination of bond strength of impregnating agents
to an enamelled wire substrate
IEC 61099:2010, Insulating liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
ISO 37:2011, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain
properties
ISO 62:2008, Plastics – Determination of water absorption
ISO 75 (all parts), Plastics and ebonite – Determination of temperature of deflection under load
ISO 175:2010, Plastics – Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in
liquid chemicals, including water
ISO 178:2010, Plastics – Determination of flexural properties
ISO 179-1:2010, Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Part 1: Non-
instrumented impact test
ISO 179-2:1997, Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Part 2: Instrumented
impact test
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 306:20042013, Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening
temperature (VST)
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics – Determination of tensile properties
ISO 584:1982, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of reactivity at
80 degrees C (conventional method)
ISO 604:2002, Plastics – Determination of compressive properties
ISO 868:2003, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 1183-1:20122019, Plastics – Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics –
Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method
ISO 1513:2010, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of test samples for testing
ISO 1523:2002, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of flash
point – Closed cup equilibrium method
ISO 1675:1985, Plastics – Liquid resins – Determination of density by the pycnometer method
– 10 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
ISO 2039-1:1993, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 1: Ball indentation method
ISO 2114:19962000, Plastics – Unsaturated (polyester resins) and paints and varnishes
(binders) – Determination of partial acid value and total acid value
ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
ISO 2535:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Measurement of gel time at
25 degrees C
ISO 2554:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of hydroxyl value
ISO 2555:1989, Plastics – Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of apparent viscosity by the Brookfield test using a single cylinder type rotational
viscometer method
ISO 2592:1973, Petroleum products – Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open
cup method
ISO 3001:1997, Plastics – Epoxide Epoxy compounds – Determination of epoxide epoxy
equivalent
ISO 3219:1993, Plastics – Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 3451-1:1997, Plastics – Determination of ash – Part 1: General methods
ISO 3521:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins – Determination of overall
volume shrinkage
ISO 3679:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of flashpoint
– Rapid equilibrium method
ISO 4573:1978, Plastics – Epoxide resins and glycidyl esters – Determination of inorganic
chlorine
ISO 4583:1998, Plastics – Epoxide resins and related materials – Determination of easily
saponifiable chlorine
ISO 4615:1979, Plastics – Unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins – Determination of total
chlorine content
ISO 4625:1980, Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of softening point –
Ring-and-ball method
ISO 4895, Plastics – Liquid epoxy resins – Determination of tendency to crystallize
ISO 7056, Plastics laboratory ware – Beakers
ISO 9396:1997, Plastics – Phenolic resins – Determination of the gel time at a given
temperature of resols under specific conditions using automatic apparatus
ISO 11357-2:1999, Plastics – Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) – Part 2: Determination
of glass transition temperature and step height
ISO 11359-2:1999, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 2: Determination of
coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature
ISO 11359-3:2002, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 3: Determination of
penetration temperature
ISO 14896:2009, Plastics – Polyurethane raw materials – Determination of isocyanate content
ISO 15528:2000, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60455-1 and
IEC 60050 and the following shall apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
volume resistance
part of the insulation resistance which is due to conduction through the volume and excluding
surface current
3.2
volume resistivity
volume resistance reduced to a cubical unit volume
3.3
dielectric dissipation factor
tan δ
numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity
3.4
relative permittivity
ε
r
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the electric constant
Note 1 to entry: In practical engineering, it is usual to employ the term ‘permittivity’ when referring to relative
permittivity
4 General notes on methods of test
4.1 Preparation and conditioning
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification standard or in the method of test, all
tests shall be carried out at atmospheric conditions in a temperature range of between 21 °C
and 29 °C and a relative humidity range of between 45 % and 70 %. Before measurements are
made, the sample or test specimen shall be pre-conditioned under these atmospheric conditions
for a time sufficient to allow the sample or the test specimen to reach stability. For taking
samples in liquid or paste form, ISO 15528 shall be applied. For preparation of such samples
for testing, ISO 1513 shall be applied.
NOTE For definitions of terms for standard atmospheres, see ISO 558. The test atmosphere as specified above
does not comply with any of the two standard atmospheres as specified in ISO 291 but covers both ranges inclusive
of their tolerances
– 12 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
Normally, all requirements for a method of test are given in the description, and diagrams are
intended only to illustrate one possible arrangement for conducting the test. In case of
inconsistencies between this document and the specification sheets of the IEC 60455-3 series,
the latter shall prevail. When another standard is invoked for a test method, reference to that
standard shall be included in the report.
4.2 Sequence of tests
To avoid unnecessary efforts, tests shall be carried out on the samples in the following
sequence:
1) tests on individual components prior to mixing;
2) tests on reactive compound just after mixing (ready to use);
3) tests on cured compound;
4) tests on cured compound after pre treatment (thermal, humidity, water etc.).
If the sample under test fails a test the following tests may become obsolete.
4.3 Test report
If not otherwise specified, the test report shall include the following data:
1) resin designation and identification;
2) lot number or other identification;
3) confirmation of marking and labelling according to the material safety data sheet (MSDS);
4) test results;
5) major test parameters, including conditioning and calibration, if any;
6) processing conditions used to reactive compound;
7) copy of the technical data sheet (TDS) and (MSDS).
5 Methods of test for reactive compounds and their components
5.1 Flash point
For flash point temperatures of 79 °C and above, the method given in ISO 2592 shall be used.
For flash point temperatures below 79 °C, the method given in ISO 1523 shall be used with any
of the closed-cup apparatus as described in Annex A of ISO 1523:2002. ISO 1523 shall be read
in conjunction with ISO 3679. Two measurements shall be made on two separate samples, and
the two results of the flash point shall be reported along with reference to the standards applied.
5.2 Density
The method given in ISO 1675 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the density shall be reported.
5.3 Viscosity
The viscosity shall be determined with a suitable device at (23 ± 0,5) °C if not otherwise
specified. If a rotating type of device is used, it shall be in accordance with ISO 2555 (Brookfield
type) or with ISO 3219 (a type working at a defined shear rate). If an efflux type of equipment
is used, the method of test and the flow cup shall be in accordance with ISO 2431. Two
measurements shall be made, and the two results of the viscosity shall be reported, along with
reference to the standards applied.
5.4 Viscosity after storing at elevated temperature
This method is not applicable to one-component systems or components containing hardener.
If not otherwise specified, a sample of sufficient amount is stored for (20 ± 0,5) h at a
temperature of (100 ± 3) °C in a sealed container. After cooling down to room temperature the
viscosity is measured according to 5.3. The increase of viscosity is calculated using the
following equation:
Increase of viscosity in % = (η – η ) × 100 / η
2 1 1
where
η dynamic viscosity before storing
η dynamic viscosity after storing
5.5 Content of volatile organic components
This method is not applicable to one-component systems or components containing hardener.
If not otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following way:
The mass of an empty weighing bottle (about 80 mm × 30 mm) is taken to 0,001 g (m m1). A
mass of 0,4 g to 0,5 g resin (m m2) is weighed to 0,001 g into the weighing bottle (well closed
during weighing). Some drops of toluene are added to dilute the resin. The liquid is spread on
the floor of the weighing bottle with a slight twist.
The open weighing bottle is placed into an oven with forced air circulation for at least 2 h at
(110 ± 2) °C. After cooling down to room temperature in a desiccator the weighing bottle is
weighed again to 0,001 g (m3).
Volatile organic components = 100 × (m – (m – m )) / m .
2 3 1 2
Volatile organic components = 100 × (m2 – (m3 – m1)) / m2
where:
m1 mass of an empty weighing bottle (g)
m2 mass of resin before heating (g)
m3 mass of an empty weighing bottle with resin after heating and cooling (g)
5.6 Isothermal increase of viscosity (processing time)
This method is designed for PUR and EP resins. For UP resins gel time shall be used. If not
otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following way:
All components and equipment shall be at room temperature. The components of the resin are
mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The mixing procedure shall not take more
than 3 min. The time measurement starts after adding and mixing of the last component. After
10 min the first viscosity measurement is taken as the initial value. The measurement is
repeated until the specified maximum viscosity is reached. The time between the initial value
and the maximum value is reported as processing time.
5.7 Shelf life
The shelf life shall be determined by measurement of the change in a specified characteristic
property after a certain storage time and temperature. Experience has shown that viscosity
according to 5.3 and gel time according to 5.23 are appropriate characteristics. To assess shelf
life, viscosity and/or gel time shall be determined according to 5.3 and/or 5.23 respectively, at
a temperature and with an end-point as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. Two
measurements shall be made on both fresh material and on material stored for a time and at a
temperature as agreed between supplier and purchaser. The two results of shelf life shall be
reported, along with reference to the standards applied. The results shall contain the viscosity
– 14 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
and/or the gel time before and after storing, the storing time and temperature and the test
temperature.
5.8 Colour
The method given in ISO 6271 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of colour shall be reported along with reference to the standard applied.
5.9 Softening temperature
The method given in ISO 306 or ISO 4625 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made,
and the two results of softening temperature shall be reported along with reference to the
standard applied.
5.10 Ash content
The method given in ISO 3451-1, method A, shall be used. Two measurements shall be made,
and the two results of the ash content shall be reported.
5.11 Filler content
To be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
5.12 Chlorine content
5.12.1 Total chlorine content of unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins
The method given in ISO 4615 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the total chlorine content shall be reported.
5.12.2 Inorganic chlorine content of epoxide resins and glycidyl esters
The method given in ISO 4573 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the inorganic chlorine content shall be reported.
5.12.3 Easily saponifiable chlorine content of epoxide resins and related materials
The method given in ISO 4583 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the saponifiable chlorine content shall be reported.
5.13 Tendency of crystallisation
This method is applicable to epoxy resins only.
The method given in ISO 4895 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results shall be reported.
5.14 Epoxide equivalent of epoxide resins
The method given in ISO 3001 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the epoxide equivalent shall be reported.
5.15 Content of isocyanate
This method is applicable to polyurethane hardeners only.
The method given in ISO 14896 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results shall be reported.
5.16 Water content (Karl Fischer method)
The method given in IEC 60814 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the water content shall be reported.
5.17 Hydroxyl value
5.17.1 Polyester resins
The method given in ISO 2554 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the hydroxyl value shall be reported.
5.17.2 Resins other than polyester
To be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
5.18 Acid value of polyester resins
The method given in ISO 2114 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the acid value shall be reported.
5.19 Amount of double bonds of unsaturated polyester and acrylate resins
To be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
5.20 Acid and acid-anhydride content of acid-anhydride hardeners
The method given in ISO 2114 shall be used for acid content. The method given in ISO 7327
shall be used for anhydride content. Two measurements shall be made, and the two results of
the acid value and/or anhydride content shall be reported.
5.21 Amine value
The method given in ISO 9702 shall be used if not otherwise agreed between supplier and
purchaser.
5.22 Pot life
5.22.1 General
The time which a particular method requires to achieve a viscosity of 50 Pas is measured.
The viscosity can be determined in any viscosimeter.
5.22.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories
5.22.2.1 Apparatus and materials
Equipment to be used:
• beaker in accordance with ISO 7056, polyethylene, polypropylene or glass with dimensions:
70 mm to 100 mm diameter and 70 mm to 130 mm high;
• environmental chamber;
• time measuring device;
• viscosimeter.
5.22.2.2 Preparation of the sample
The beaker shall be marked to a volume of (300 ± 25) ml.
– 16 – IEC 60455-2:2023 RLV © IEC 2023
The beaker and a standard manufacturer pack shall be stored in an environmental chamber for
24 h at the temperature specified with a tolerance of K.
–2
5.22.2.3 Procedure
The components shall be removed from the environmental chamber and start mixing
immediately according to the supplier´s instructions. The time starts at the commencement of
mixing the components.
Remove the beaker from the environmental chamber, and pour the mixed compound into the
beaker up to the mark previously made.
5.22.2.4 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
• the time is determined from the start of mixing until a viscosity of 50 Pas is reached. The
pot life shall be rounded to the nearest of a second;
• the viscosimeter, test parameters and system used (e.g. spindle size, rotation speed etc.).
The viscosimeter with the system used shall be calibrated at 50 Pas.
5.23 Gel time
5.23.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds
Gel time is the period of time after which the reactive compound reaches the gel state. The
method given in ISO 2535 shall be used at a test temperature as agreed upon between supplier
and purchaser. Two measurements shall be made, and the two results of the gel time shall be
reported along with the test temperature.
5.23.2 Phenolic resin based compounds
The method given in ISO 9396 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the gel time shall be reported.
5.23.3 Other compounds
If applicable, the methods given in ISO 2535 or ISO 9696 ISO 9396, or ISO 8987 shall be used.
5.24 Exothermic temperature rise
5.24.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds
The method given in ISO 584 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the exothermic temperature rise shall be reported.
5.24.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories
5.24.2.1 Apparatus and materials
Equipment to be used:
• beaker in accordance with ISO 7056, polyethylene, polypropylene or glass with dimensions:
70 mm to 100 mm diameter and 70 mm to 130 mm high;
• thermocouple made with twisted wires;
• temperature recorder;
• time measurement device.
5.24.2.2 Preparation of the sample: Test at 23 °C
The beaker shall be marked to a volume of (300 ± 25) ml. The beaker and a sufficient amount
of resin
...
IEC 60455-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2023-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation –
Part 2: Methods of test
Composés réactifs à base de résines utilisés comme isolants électriques –
Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai
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IEC 60455-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2023-07
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation –
Part 2: Methods of test
Composés réactifs à base de résines utilisés comme isolants électriques –
Partie 2: Méthodes d'essai
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.99, 29.035.01 ISBN 978-2-8322-7283-1
– 2 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 General notes on methods of test . 11
4.1 Preparation and conditioning. 11
4.2 Sequence of tests . 12
4.3 Test report . 12
5 Methods of test for reactive compounds and their components . 12
5.1 Flash point . 12
5.2 Density . 12
5.3 Viscosity . 12
5.4 Viscosity after storing at elevated temperature . 12
5.5 Content of volatile organic components . 13
5.6 Isothermal increase of viscosity (processing time) . 13
5.7 Shelf life . 13
5.8 Colour . 13
5.9 Softening temperature . 14
5.10 Ash content . 14
5.11 Filler content . 14
5.12 Chlorine content. 14
5.12.1 Total chlorine content of unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins . 14
5.12.2 Inorganic chlorine content of epoxide resins and glycidyl esters . 14
5.12.3 Easily saponifiable chlorine content of epoxide resins and related
materials . 14
5.13 Tendency of crystallisation . 14
5.14 Epoxide equivalent of epoxide resins . 14
5.15 Content of isocyanate . 14
5.16 Water content (Karl Fischer method) . 14
5.17 Hydroxyl value . 15
5.17.1 Polyester resins . 15
5.17.2 Resins other than polyester . 15
5.18 Acid value of polyester resins . 15
5.19 Amount of double bonds of unsaturated polyester and acrylate resins . 15
5.20 Acid and acid-anhydride content of acid-anhydride hardeners . 15
5.21 Amine value . 15
5.22 Pot life . 15
5.22.1 General . 15
5.22.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories . 15
5.23 Gel time . 16
5.23.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds . 16
5.23.2 Phenolic resin based compounds . 16
5.23.3 Other compounds . 16
5.24 Exothermic temperature rise . 16
5.24.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds . 16
5.24.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories . 16
5.25 Total volume shrinkage of epoxide and unsaturated polyester based
compounds . 17
5.26 Curing in presence of water . 17
5.26.1 General . 17
5.26.2 Apparatus and materials . 17
5.26.3 Pouring device . 17
5.26.4 Procedure . 17
5.26.5 Test report . 18
5.27 Determination of the degree of curing . 19
5.28 Curing in thick layer and emissions during curing . 19
5.28.1 General . 19
5.28.2 Equipment . 20
5.28.3 Test specimen . 20
5.28.4 Procedure . 20
6 Methods of test for cured reactive compounds . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Test specimens . 21
6.2.1 General . 21
6.2.2 Preparation of the reactive compound . 21
6.2.3 Preparation of test specimens. 22
6.2.4 Type and number of test specimens . 22
6.3 Density . 22
6.4 Mechanical properties . 22
6.4.1 Tensile properties . 22
6.4.2 Compressive properties . 22
6.4.3 Flexural properties . 23
6.4.4 Impact strength . 23
6.4.5 Hardness . 23
6.5 Thermal properties . 23
6.5.1 Bond strength at elevated temperature . 23
6.5.2 Linear thermal expansion . 23
6.5.3 Thermal conductivity . 23
6.5.4 Glass transition . 24
6.5.5 Flammability . 24
6.5.6 Thermal shock . 24
6.5.7 Dry heat resistance of resins for cable accessories – Method of test . 24
6.5.8 Wet heat resistance of resins for cable accessories . 25
6.5.9 Loss of mass . 27
6.5.10 Temperature index . 28
6.6 Chemical properties . 29
6.6.1 Water absorption . 29
6.6.2 Effect of liquid chemicals . 29
6.6.3 Resistance to mould growth . 29
6.6.4 Water vapour permeability . 29
6.7 Electrical properties . 29
6.7.1 Effect of water immersion on volume resistivity . 29
6.7.2 Dielectric dissipation factor (tan δ) and relative permittivity . 29
6.7.3 Break down voltage and electric strength . 29
6.7.4 Proof tracking index (PTI) . 31
– 4 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
6.7.5 Electrolytic corrosion . 31
Annex A (informative) Health and safety . 34
Bibliography . 35
Figure 1 – Examination grid . 18
Figure 2 – Position of examination grid on the specimen . 19
Figure 3 – Example of electrode arrangement for flexible cured compound . 32
Figure 4 – Example of electrode arrangement for rigid cured compound . 33
Table 1 – Condition of the top side. 20
Table 2 – Condition of the bottom side . 20
Table 3 – Condition of the interior . 20
Table 4 – Voids . 21
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RESIN BASED REACTIVE COMPOUNDS USED
FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
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Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60455-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 15: Solid electrical insulating
materials. It is an International Standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8;
b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
– 6 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
15/1006/FDIS 15/1015/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60455 series, published under the general title Resin based reactive
compounds used for electrical insulation, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 60455 is one of a series which deals with solvent-free resin based reactive
compounds and their components used for electrical insulation.
The series consists of three parts:
• Part 1: Definitions and general requirements;
• Part 2: Methods of test;
• Part 3: Specifications for individual materials.
– 8 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
RESIN BASED REACTIVE COMPOUNDS USED
FOR ELECTRICAL INSULATION –
Part 2: Methods of test
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60455 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive
compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
http://www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60068-2-10:2005, Environmental testing – Part 2-10: Tests – Test J and guidance: Mould
growth
IEC 60112:2020, Method for the determination of the proof and the comparative tracking indices
of solid insulating materials
IEC 60216 (all parts), Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties
IEC 60243-1:2013, Electric strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1: Tests at
power frequencies
IEC 60296:2020, Fluids for electrotechnical applications – Mineral insulating oils for electrical
equipment
IEC 60426:2007, Electrical insulating materials – Determination of electrolytic corrosion caused
by insulating materials – Test methods
IEC 60455-1:1998, Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 1:
Definitions and general requirements
IEC 60455-3 (all parts), Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 3:
Specifications for individual materials
IEC 60455-3-8:2021, Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation – Part 3-8:
Specifications for individual materials – Resins for cable accessories
IEC 60695-11-10:2013, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and
vertical flame test methods
IEC 60814:1997, Insulating liquids – Oil-impregnated paper and pressboard – Determination of
water by automatic coulometric Karl Fischer titration
IEC 61033:1991, Test methods for the determination of bond strength of impregnating agents
to an enamelled wire substrate
IEC 61099:2010, Insulating liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for
electrical purposes
ISO 37:2011, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic – Determination of tensile stress-strain
properties
ISO 62:2008, Plastics – Determination of water absorption
ISO 75 (all parts), Plastics and ebonite – Determination of temperature of deflection under load
ISO 175:2010, Plastics – Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in
liquid chemicals
ISO 178:2010, Plastics – Determination of flexural properties
ISO 179-1:2010, Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Part 1: Non-
instrumented impact test
ISO 179-2:1997, Plastics – Determination of Charpy impact properties – Part 2: Instrumented
impact test
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 306:2013, Plastics – Thermoplastic materials – Determination of Vicat softening
temperature (VST)
ISO 527 (all parts), Plastics – Determination of tensile properties
ISO 584:1982, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of reactivity at
80 degrees C (conventional method)
ISO 604:2002, Plastics – Determination of compressive properties
ISO 868:2003, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 1183-1:2019, Plastics – Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics –
Part 1: Immersion method, liquid pycnometer method and titration method
ISO 1513:2010, Paints and varnishes – Examination and preparation of test samples
ISO 1523:2002, Determination of flash point – Closed cup equilibrium method
ISO 1675:1985, Plastics – Liquid resins – Determination of density by the pycnometer method
ISO 2039-1:1993, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 1: Ball indentation method
ISO 2114:2000, Plastics (polyester resins) and paints and varnishes (binders) – Determination
of partial acid value and total acid value
ISO 2431:1993, Paints and varnishes – Determination of flow time by use of flow cups
– 10 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
ISO 2535:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Measurement of gel time at
25 degrees C
ISO 2554:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester resins – Determination of hydroxyl value
ISO 2555:1989, Plastics – Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of apparent viscosity using a single cylinder type rotational viscometer method
ISO 2592:1973, Petroleum products – Determination of flash and fire points – Cleveland open
cup method
ISO 3001:1997, Plastics – Epoxy compounds – Determination of epoxy equivalent
ISO 3219:1993, Plastics – Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 3451-1:1997, Plastics – Determination of ash – Part 1: General methods
ISO 3521:1997, Plastics – Unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins – Determination of overall
volume shrinkage
ISO 3679:1983, Paints, varnishes, petroleum and related products – Determination of flashpoint
– Rapid equilibrium method
ISO 4573:1978, Plastics – Epoxide resins and glycidyl esters – Determination of inorganic
chlorine
ISO 4583:1998, Plastics – Epoxide resins and related materials – Determination of easily
saponifiable chlorine
ISO 4615:1979, Plastics – Unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins – Determination of total
chlorine content
ISO 4625:1980, Binders for paints and varnishes – Determination of softening point –
Ring-and-ball method
ISO 4895, Plastics – Liquid epoxy resins – Determination of tendency to crystallize
ISO 7056, Plastics laboratory ware – Beakers
ISO 9396:1997, Plastics – Phenolic resins – Determination of the gel time of resols under
specific conditions using automatic apparatus
ISO 11357-2:1999, Plastics – Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) – Part 2: Determination
of glass transition temperature and step height
ISO 11359-2:1999, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 2: Determination of
coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature
ISO 11359-3:2002, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 3: Determination of
penetration temperature
ISO 14896:2009, Plastics – Polyurethane raw materials – Determination of isocyanate content
ISO 15528:2000, Paints, varnishes and raw materials for paints and varnishes – Sampling
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60455-1 and
IEC 60050 and the following shall apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
volume resistance
part of the insulation resistance which is due to conduction through the volume and excluding
surface current
3.2
volume resistivity
volume resistance reduced to a cubical unit volume
3.3
dielectric dissipation factor
tan δ
numerical value of the ratio of the imaginary to the real part of the complex permittivity
3.4
relative permittivity
ε
r
ratio of the absolute permittivity to the electric constant
Note 1 to entry: In practical engineering, it is usual to employ the term ‘permittivity’ when referring to relative
permittivity
4 General notes on methods of test
4.1 Preparation and conditioning
Unless otherwise specified in the relevant specification standard or in the method of test, all
tests shall be carried out at atmospheric conditions in a temperature range of between 21 °C
and 29 °C and a relative humidity range of between 45 % and 70 %. Before measurements are
made, the sample or test specimen shall be pre-conditioned under these atmospheric conditions
for a time sufficient to allow the sample or the test specimen to reach stability. For taking
samples in liquid or paste form, ISO 15528 shall be applied. For preparation of such samples
for testing, ISO 1513 shall be applied.
NOTE For definitions of terms for standard atmospheres, see ISO 558. The test atmosphere as specified above
does not comply with any of the two standard atmospheres as specified in ISO 291 but covers both ranges inclusive
of their tolerances
Normally, all requirements for a method of test are given in the description, and diagrams are
intended only to illustrate one possible arrangement for conducting the test. In case of
inconsistencies between this document and the specification sheets of the IEC 60455-3 series,
the latter shall prevail. When another standard is invoked for a test method, reference to that
standard shall be included in the report.
– 12 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
4.2 Sequence of tests
To avoid unnecessary efforts, tests shall be carried out on the samples in the following
sequence:
1) tests on individual components prior to mixing;
2) tests on reactive compound just after mixing (ready to use);
3) tests on cured compound;
4) tests on cured compound after pre treatment (thermal, humidity, water etc.).
If the sample under test fails a test the following tests may become obsolete.
4.3 Test report
If not otherwise specified, the test report shall include the following data:
1) resin designation and identification;
2) lot number or other identification;
3) confirmation of marking and labelling according to the material safety data sheet (MSDS);
4) test results;
5) major test parameters, including conditioning and calibration, if any;
6) processing conditions used to reactive compound;
7) copy of the technical data sheet (TDS) and (MSDS).
5 Methods of test for reactive compounds and their components
5.1 Flash point
For flash point temperatures of 79 °C and above, the method given in ISO 2592 shall be used.
For flash point temperatures below 79 °C, the method given in ISO 1523 shall be used with any
of the closed-cup apparatus as described in Annex A of ISO 1523:2002. ISO 1523 shall be read
in conjunction with ISO 3679. Two measurements shall be made on two separate samples, and
the two results of the flash point shall be reported along with reference to the standards applied.
5.2 Density
The method given in ISO 1675 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the density shall be reported.
5.3 Viscosity
The viscosity shall be determined with a suitable device at (23 ± 0,5) °C if not otherwise
specified. If a rotating type of device is used, it shall be in accordance with ISO 2555 (Brookfield
type) or with ISO 3219 (a type working at a defined shear rate). If an efflux type of equipment
is used, the method of test and the flow cup shall be in accordance with ISO 2431. Two
measurements shall be made, and the two results of the viscosity shall be reported, along with
reference to the standards applied.
5.4 Viscosity after storing at elevated temperature
This method is not applicable to one-component systems or components containing hardener.
If not otherwise specified, a sample of sufficient amount is stored for (20 ± 0,5) h at a
temperature of (100 ± 3) °C in a sealed container. After cooling down to room temperature the
viscosity is measured according to 5.3. The increase of viscosity is calculated using the
following equation:
Increase of viscosity in % = (η – η ) × 100 / η
2 1 1
where
η dynamic viscosity before storing
η dynamic viscosity after storing
5.5 Content of volatile organic components
This method is not applicable to one-component systems or components containing hardener.
If not otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following way:
The mass of an empty weighing bottle (about 80 mm × 30 mm) is taken to 0,001 g (m1). A mass
of 0,4 g to 0,5 g resin (m2) is weighed to 0,001 g into the weighing bottle (well closed during
weighing). Some drops of toluene are added to dilute the resin. The liquid is spread on the floor
of the weighing bottle with a slight twist.
The open weighing bottle is placed into an oven with forced air circulation for at least 2 h at
(110 ± 2) °C. After cooling down to room temperature in a desiccator the weighing bottle is
weighed again to 0,001 g (m3).
Volatile organic components = 100 × (m2 – (m3 – m1)) / m2
where:
m1 mass of an empty weighing bottle (g)
m2 mass of resin before heating (g)
m3 mass of an empty weighing bottle with resin after heating and cooling (g)
5.6 Isothermal increase of viscosity (processing time)
This method is designed for PUR and EP resins. For UP resins gel time shall be used. If not
otherwise specified, the test shall be carried out in the following way:
All components and equipment shall be at room temperature. The components of the resin are
mixed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The mixing procedure shall not take more
than 3 min. The time measurement starts after adding and mixing of the last component. After
10 min the first viscosity measurement is taken as the initial value. The measurement is
repeated until the specified maximum viscosity is reached. The time between the initial value
and the maximum value is reported as processing time.
5.7 Shelf life
The shelf life shall be determined by measurement of the change in a specified characteristic
property after a certain storage time and temperature. Experience has shown that viscosity
according to 5.3 and gel time according to 5.23 are appropriate characteristics. To assess shelf
life, viscosity and/or gel time shall be determined according to 5.3 and/or 5.23 respectively, at
a temperature and with an end-point as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser. Two
measurements shall be made on both fresh material and on material stored for a time and at a
temperature as agreed between supplier and purchaser. The two results of shelf life shall be
reported, along with reference to the standards applied. The results shall contain the viscosity
and/or the gel time before and after storing, the storing time and temperature and the test
temperature.
5.8 Colour
The method given in ISO 6271 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of colour shall be reported along with reference to the standard applied.
– 14 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
5.9 Softening temperature
The method given in ISO 306 or ISO 4625 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made,
and the two results of softening temperature shall be reported along with reference to the
standard applied.
5.10 Ash content
The method given in ISO 3451-1, method A, shall be used. Two measurements shall be made,
and the two results of the ash content shall be reported.
5.11 Filler content
To be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
5.12 Chlorine content
5.12.1 Total chlorine content of unsaturated polyesters and epoxide resins
The method given in ISO 4615 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the total chlorine content shall be reported.
5.12.2 Inorganic chlorine content of epoxide resins and glycidyl esters
The method given in ISO 4573 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the inorganic chlorine content shall be reported.
5.12.3 Easily saponifiable chlorine content of epoxide resins and related materials
The method given in ISO 4583 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the saponifiable chlorine content shall be reported.
5.13 Tendency of crystallisation
This method is applicable to epoxy resins only.
The method given in ISO 4895 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results shall be reported.
5.14 Epoxide equivalent of epoxide resins
The method given in ISO 3001 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the epoxide equivalent shall be reported.
5.15 Content of isocyanate
This method is applicable to polyurethane hardeners only.
The method given in ISO 14896 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results shall be reported.
5.16 Water content (Karl Fischer method)
The method given in IEC 60814 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the water content shall be reported.
5.17 Hydroxyl value
5.17.1 Polyester resins
The method given in ISO 2554 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the hydroxyl value shall be reported.
5.17.2 Resins other than polyester
To be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
5.18 Acid value of polyester resins
The method given in ISO 2114 shall be used. Two measurements shall be made, and the two
results of the acid value shall be reported.
5.19 Amount of double bonds of unsaturated polyester and acrylate resins
To be agreed between supplier and purchaser.
5.20 Acid and acid-anhydride content of acid-anhydride hardeners
The method given in ISO 2114 shall be used for acid content. The method given in ISO 7327
shall be used for anhydride content. Two measurements shall be made, and the two results of
the acid value and/or anhydride content shall be reported.
5.21 Amine value
The method given in ISO 9702 shall be used if not otherwise agreed between supplier and
purchaser.
5.22 Pot life
5.22.1 General
The time which a particular method requires to achieve a viscosity of 50 Pas is measured.
The viscosity can be determined in any viscosimeter.
5.22.2 Resinous compounds for cable accessories
5.22.2.1 Apparatus and materials
Equipment to be used:
• beaker in accordance with ISO 7056, polyethylene, polypropylene or glass with dimensions:
70 mm to 100 mm diameter and 70 mm to 130 mm high;
• environmental chamber;
• time measuring device;
• viscosimeter.
5.22.2.2 Preparation of the sample
The beaker shall be marked to a volume of (300 ± 25) ml.
The beaker and a standard manufacturer pack shall be stored in an environmental chamber for
K.
24 h at the temperature specified with a tolerance of
–2
– 16 – IEC 60455-2:2023 © IEC 2023
5.22.2.3 Procedure
The components shall be removed from the environmental chamber and start mixing
immediately according to the supplier´s instructions. The time starts at the commencement of
mixing the components.
Remove the beaker from the environmental chamber, and pour the mixed compound into the
beaker up to the mark previously made.
5.22.2.4 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
• the time is determined from the start of mixing until a viscosity of 50 Pas is reached. The
pot life shall be rounded to the nearest of a second;
• the viscosimeter, test parameters and system used (e.g. spindle size, rotation speed etc.).
The viscosimeter with the system used shall be calibrated at 50 Pas.
5.23 Gel time
5.23.1 Unsaturated polyester based compounds
Gel time is the period of time after which the reactive compound reaches the gel state. The
method given in ISO 2535 shall be used at a test temperature as agreed upon between supplier
and purch
...
Frequently Asked Questions
IEC 60455-2:2023 is a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Its full title is "Resin based reactive compounds used for electrical insulation - Part 2: Methods of test". This standard covers: IEC 60455-2:2023 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8; b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
IEC 60455-2:2023 specifies methods of test to be used for testing resin based reactive compounds, their components and cured compounds used for electrical insulation. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) Introduction of test methods related to IEC 60455-3-8; b) Additional and updated test methods for resins.
IEC 60455-2:2023 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 17.220.99 - Other standards related to electricity and magnetism; 29.035.01 - Insulating materials in general. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
IEC 60455-2:2023 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to IEC 60455-2:2015. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase IEC 60455-2:2023 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of IEC standards.
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