IEC 61970-452:2013

IEC 61970-452 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –
Part 452: CIM Static transmission network model profiles

Interface de programmation d’application pour système de gestion d’énergie
(EMS-API) –
Partie 452: Profils du modèle de réseau de transport statique CIM

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IEC 61970-452 ®
Edition 1.0 2013-08
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –

Part 452: CIM Static transmission network model profiles

Interface de programmation d’application pour système de gestion d’énergie

(EMS-API) –
Partie 452: Profils du modèle de réseau de transport statique CIM

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XF
ICS 33.200 ISBN 978-2-8322-1041-3

– 2 – 61970-452 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 10
3 Overview of data requirements . 10
3.1 Overview . 10
3.2 General requirements . 10
3.3 Transformer modeling . 11
3.4 Modeling authorities . 12
3.5 Use of measurement classes . 13
3.5.1 General . 13
3.5.2 ICCP data exchange . 14
3.6 Voltage or active power regulation . 14
3.7 Use of curves . 14
3.7.1 General . 14
3.7.2 Generating unit reactive power limits . 14
3.8 Definition of schedules . 15
4 CIM Equipment Profile . 15
4.1 CIM Equipment Profile General . 15
4.2 Concrete Classes . 15
4.2.1 Accumulator . 15
4.2.2 AccumulatorValue . 16
4.2.3 ACLineSegment . 17
4.2.4 ActivePowerLimit . 18
4.2.5 Analog . 19
4.2.6 AnalogValue . 20
4.2.7 ApparentPowerLimit . 20
4.2.8 BaseVoltage . 21
4.2.9 Bay . 21
4.2.10 Breaker. 22
4.2.11 BusbarSection . 23
4.2.12 ConformLoad . 23
4.2.13 ConformLoadGroup . 24
4.2.14 ConformLoadSchedule . 25
4.2.15 ConnectivityNode . 26
4.2.16 ControlArea . 26
4.2.17 ControlAreaGeneratingUnit . 27
4.2.18 CurrentLimit . 27
4.2.19 CurveData . 28
4.2.20 DayType . 29
4.2.21 Disconnector. 29
4.2.22 Discrete . 30
4.2.23 DiscreteValue . 30
4.2.24 EnergyConsumer . 31
4.2.25 EquivalentBranch . 32
4.2.26 EquivalentInjection . 33
4.2.27 EquivalentNetwork . 34

61970-452 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
4.2.28 EquivalentShunt . 34
4.2.29 FossilFuel . 35
4.2.30 GeneratingUnit. 35
4.2.31 GeographicalRegion . 38
4.2.32 GrossToNetActivePowerCurve . 38
4.2.33 HydroGeneratingUnit. 39
4.2.34 HydroPump . 41
4.2.35 IEC61970CIMVersion . 41
4.2.36 ImpedanceVariationCurve . 42
4.2.37 Line . 42
4.2.38 LoadArea . 43
4.2.39 LoadBreakSwitch . 43
4.2.40 LoadResponseCharacteristic . 44
4.2.41 MeasurementValueSource . 47
4.2.42 MutualCoupling . 47
4.2.43 NonConformLoad . 48
4.2.44 NonConformLoadGroup . 50
4.2.45 NonConformLoadSchedule . 50
4.2.46 NuclearGeneratingUnit . 51
4.2.47 OperationalLimitSet . 52
4.2.48 OperationalLimitType . 53
4.2.49 PhaseTapChanger . 54
4.2.50 PhaseVariationCurve . 56
4.2.51 PowerTransformer . 56
4.2.52 RatioTapChanger . 57
4.2.53 RatioVariationCurve . 58
4.2.54 ReactiveCapabilityCurve . 59
4.2.55 RegularTimePoint . 60
4.2.56 RegulatingControl . 61
4.2.57 RegulationSchedule . 62
4.2.58 Season . 63
4.2.59 SeriesCompensator . 63
4.2.60 ShuntCompensator . 64
4.2.61 StaticVarCompensator . 65
4.2.62 StationSupply . 67
4.2.63 SubGeographicalRegion . 68
4.2.64 SubLoadArea . 68
4.2.65 Substation . 69
4.2.66 Switch. 69
4.2.67 SwitchSchedule . 70
4.2.68 SynchronousMachine . 71
4.2.69 TapSchedule . 73
4.2.70 Terminal . 74
4.2.71 ThermalGeneratingUnit . 75
4.2.72 TieFlow . 76
4.2.73 TransformerWinding . 77
4.2.74 Unit . 79
4.2.75 VoltageLevel . 79
4.2.76 VoltageLimit . 80

– 4 – 61970-452 © IEC:2013
4.2.77 WindGeneratingUnit . 81
4.3 Abstract Classes. 82
4.3.1 BasicIntervalSchedule . 82
4.3.2 ConductingEquipment . 82
4.3.3 Conductor . 83
4.3.4 ConnectivityNodeContainer . 84
4.3.5 Curve . 84
4.3.6 EnergyArea . 85
4.3.7 Equipment . 85
4.3.8 EquipmentContainer . 86
4.3.9 EquivalentEquipment . 86
4.3.10 IdentifiedObject. 87
4.3.11 LoadGroup . 88
4.3.12 Measurement . 88
4.3.13 MeasurementValue . 90
4.3.14 OperationalLimit . 90
4.3.15 PowerSystemResource . 91
4.3.16 RegularIntervalSchedule . 91
4.3.17 RegulatingCondEq . 92
4.3.18 SeasonDayTypeSchedule . 93
4.3.19 TapChanger . 93
4.4 Enumerations . 95
4.4.1 ControlAreaTypeKind . 95
4.4.2 CurveStyle . 95
4.4.3 FuelType . 96
4.4.4 GeneratorControlSource . 96
4.4.5 OperationalLimitDirectionKind . 96
4.4.6 PhaseTapChangerKind . 97
4.4.7 RegulatingControlModeKind . 97
4.4.8 SeasonName . 98
4.4.9 SVCControlMode . 98
4.4.10 SynchronousMachineOperatingMode . 98
4.4.11 SynchronousMachineType . 99
4.4.12 TapChangerKind . 99
4.4.13 TransformerControlMode . 99
4.4.14 UnitSymbol . 100
4.4.15 WindingConnection . 101
4.4.16 WindingType . 102
4.5 Datatypes . 102
4.5.1 ActivePower . 102
4.5.2 AngleDegrees . 102
4.5.3 ApparentPower . 102
4.5.4 Conductance . 103
4.5.5 CurrentFlow . 103
4.5.6 Length . 103
4.5.7 Money. 103
4.5.8 PerCent . 103
4.5.9 Reactance . 104
4.5.10 ReactivePower . 104

61970-452 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
4.5.11 Resistance . 104
4.5.12 Seconds . 104
4.5.13 Susceptance . 104
4.5.14 Voltage . 105
4.5.15 VoltagePerReactivePower . 105
5 Amplifications and conventions . 105
5.1 Overview . 105
5.2 XML file validity . 105
5.3 Normative string tables . 105
5.4 Roles and multiplicity . 107
Annex A (informative) Model exchange use cases . 108
Annex B (informative) Modeling authorities . 112
Annex C (informative) Common power system model (CPSM) minimum data
requirements . 114
Bibliography . 119

Figure 1 – Two winding transformer impedance . 11
Figure 2 – Three winding transformer impedance . 12
Figure A.1 – Security coordinators . 108
Figure A.2 – CIM model exchange . 109
Figure A.3 – Revised CIM model exchange. 110
Figure A.4 – Hierarchical modeling . 111
Figure C.1 – Example model configuration . 118

Table 1 – Valid measurementTypes . 13
Table 2 – Profiles defined in this document. 15
Table 3 – Valid attribute values . 105

– 6 – 61970-452 © IEC:2013
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPLICATION
PROGRAM INTERFACE (EMS-API) –
Part 452: CIM Static transmission network model profiles

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61970-452 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 57:
Power systems management and associated information exchange.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
57/1366/FDIS 57/1384/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.

61970-452 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
A list of all parts in the IEC 61970 series, published under the general title Energy management
system application program interface (EMS-API), can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 8 – 61970-452 © IEC:2013
INTRODUCTION
This international standard is one of the IEC 61970 series that define an application program
1 2
interface (API ) for an energy management system (EMS ).
The IEC 61970-3x series of documents specify a Common Information Model (CIM). The CIM
is an abstract model that represents all of the major objects in an electric utility enterprise
typically needed to model the operational aspects of a utility. It provides the semantics for the
IEC 61970 APIs specified in the IEC 61970-4x series of Component Interface Standards (CIS).
The IEC 61970-3x series includes IEC 61970-301: Common Information Model (CIM ) base,
and draft standard IEC 61970-302: Common Information Model (CIM) Financial,
EnergyScheduling, and Reservation.
This standard is one of the IEC 61970-4x series of Compoment Interface Standards that
specify the functional requirements for interfaces that a component (or application) shall
implement to exchange information with other components (or applications) and/or to access
publicly available data in a standard way. The component interfaces describe the specific
message contents and services that can be used by applications for this purpose. The
implementation of these messages in a particular technology is described in IEC 61970-5.
This standard specifies the specific profiles (or subsets) of the CIM for exchange of static
power system data between utilities, security coordinators and other entities participating in a
interconnected power system, such that all parties have access to the modeling of their
neighbor’s systems that is necessary to execute state estimation or power flow applications.
Currently only one profile, the Equipment Profile, has been defined. A companion standard,
61970-552 , defines the CIM XML Model Exchange Format based on the Resource Description
Framework (RDF) Schema specification language which is recommended to be used to
transfer power system model data for the 61970-452 profile.
____________
Footnote 1 applies to the French version only.
Footnote 2 applies to the French version only.
Footnote 3 applies to the French version only.
To be published.
61970-452 © IEC:2013 – 9 –
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM APPLICATION
PROGRAM INTERFACE (EMS-API) –
Part 452: CIM Static transmission network model profiles

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61970 forms part of the IEC 61907-450 to 499 series that, taken as a whole,
defines at an abstract level the content and exchange mechanisms used for data transmitted
between control centers and/or control center components.
The purpose of this document is to rigorously define the subset of classes, class attributes, and
roles from the CIM necessary to execute state estimation and power flow applications. The
North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Data Exchange Working Group (DEWG)
Common Power System Modeling group (CPSM) produced the original data requirements,
which are shown in Annex C. These requirements are based on prior industry practices for
exchanging power system model data for use primarily in planning studies. However, the list of
required data has been extended to facilitate a model exchange that includes parameters
common to breaker-oriented applications. Where necessary this document establishes
conventions, shown in Clause 5, with which an XML data file must comply in order to be
considered valid for exchange of models.
This document is intended for two distinct audiences, data producers and data recipients, and
may be read from two perspectives.
From the standpoint of model export software used by a data producer, the document
describes a minimum subset of CIM classes, attributes, and associations which must be
present in an XML formatted data file for model exchange. This standard does not dictate how
the network is modelled, however. It only dictates what classes, attributes, and associations
are to be used to describe the source model as it exists. All classes, attributes, and
associations not explicitly labeled as recommended or conditionally required should be
considered required with the following caveat. Consider, as an example, the situation in which
an exporter produces an XML data file describing a small section of the exporter’s network that
happens to contain no breakers. The resulting XML data file should, therefore, not contain an
instance of the Breaker class. On the other hand, if the section of the exporter’s network does
contain breakers, the resulting data file should contain instances of the Breaker class that
include, at a minimum, the attributes and roles described herein for Breakers. Furthermore, it
should be noted that an exporter may, at his or her discretion, produce an XML data file
containing additional class data described by the CIM RDF Schema but not required by this
document provided these data adhere to the conventions established in Clause 5.
From the standpoint of the model import used by a data recipient, the document describes a
subset of the CIM that importing software must be able to interpret in order to import exported
models. As mentioned above, data providers are free to exceed the minimum requirements
described herein as long as their resulting data files are compliant with the CIM RDF Schema
and the conventions established in Clause 5. The document, therefore, describes additional
classes and class data that, although not required, exporters will, in all likelihood, choose to
include in their data files. The additional classes and data are labeled as recommended or as
not required to distinguish them from their required counterparts. Please note, however, that
data importers could potentially receive data containing instances of any and all classes
described by the CIM RDF Schema.

– 10 – 61970-452 © IEC:2013
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE For general glossary definitions, see the International Electrotechnical Vocabulary, IEC 60050.
IEC 61970-1, Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) – Part 1:
Guidelines and general requirements
IEC 61970-2, Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) – Part 2:
Glossary
IEC 61970-301, Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –
Part 301: Common information model (CIM) base
IEC 61970-501, Energy management system application program interface (EMS-API) –
Part 501: Common Information Model Resource Description Framework (CIM RDF) schema
3 Overview of data requirements
3.1 Overview
An extensive discussion of the model exchange use cases can be found in Annex A. In all
cases, the purpose of this standard is:
• To improve the accuracy of power system models used in critical systems, particularly
the representation of parts of the network outside the primary domain of the system in
question.
• To achieve consistency among the models used by the various systems that play a role
in operating or planning the interconnection.
• To reduce the overall cost of maintaining critical models used in operating or planning
an interconnection.
The classes, attributes, and associations identified in this document represent the minimum
subset of the full CIM model necessary to exchange sufficient power system data to support
state estimation and power flow.
3.2 General requirements
The following requirements are general in nature or involve multiple classes. Additional
requirements are defined in the sections for the individual classes.
– The cardinality defined in the CIM model shall be followed, unless a different cardinality is
explicitly defined in this document. For instance, the cardinality on the association between
VoltageLevel and BaseVoltage indicates that a VoltageLevel shall be associated with one
and only one BaseVoltage, but a BaseVoltage can be associated with zero to many
VoltageLevels.
– Associations between classes referenced in this document and classes not referenced here
are not required regardless of cardinality. For instance, the CIM requires that a
HydroGeneratingUnit be associated with a HydroPowerPlant. Because the
HydroPowerPlant class is not included in this document the association to HydroPowerPlant
is not considered mandatory in this context.
– The attribute “name” inherited by many classes from the abstract class IdentifiedObject is
not required to be unique. The RDF ID defined in the data exchange format is the only
unique and persistent identifier used for this data exchange. The attribute

61970-452 © IEC:2013 – 11 –
IdentifiedObject.name is, however, always required. The additional attributes of
IdentifiedObject (aliasName, description, and pathName) are not required. If the pathName
attribute is supplied it shall be constructed from the names in the GeographicalRegion /
SubGeographicalRegion / Substation / VoltageLevel / … hierarchy. A forward slash, “/”,
shall be used as the separator between names.
– Although not defined within this profile, the IdentifiedObject.mRID attribute should be used
as the RDF ID. The RDF ID cannot begin with a number. An underscore should be added
as the first character if necessary. The RDF ID shall be globally unique. A prefix may be
added, if necessary, to ensure global uniqueness, but the RDF ID including the prefix shall
be within the maximum character limit specified below.
– The maximum character length of names and identifiers are listed below.
• rdf:ID – 60 characters maximum
• IdentifiedObject.name – 32 characters maximum
• IdentifiedObject.aliasname – 40 characters maximum
• IdentifiedObject.description – 256 characters maximum
– To maintain a consistent naming hierarchy, each Substation shall be contained by a
SubGeographicalRegion and each SubGeographicalRegion shall be contained by one and
only one GeographicalRegion.
– Equipment defined without connectivity, because the associated Terminal(s) are not
connected to ConnectivityNodes is allowed, for instance a ShuntCompensator whose
Terminal is not associated to a ConnectivityNode.
– UTF-8 is the standard for file encoding. UTF-16 is not supported.
– Instance data to be exchanged shall make use of the most detailed class possible. The
classes GeneratingUnit, Switch, and EnergyConsumer should only be used if the
information to determine the more detailed class (ThermalGeneratingUnit,
HydroGeneratingUnit, Breaker, Disconnector, etc.) is not available.
3.3 Transformer modeling
A two winding PowerTransformer has two TransformerWindings. This gives the option to
specify the impedance values for the equivalent pi-model completely at one of the windings or
split them over the two windings. The impedances shall be specified at the primary voltage side
as shown in Figure 1.
rp + jxp
u
gp + jbp
IEC  2024/13
Figure 1 – Two winding transformer impedance
A three winding PowerTransformer has three TransformerWindings. The equivalent pi-model
corresponds to three TransformerWindings connected in wye configuration as shown below.
The impedance values for a three winding transformer are specified on each of the three
TransformerWindings. Each of the windings has series impedances rn+jxn and shunt gn+jbn
where n is: p for primary, s for secondary and t for tertiary as shown in Figure 2.

– 12 – 61970-452 © IEC:2013
rs+jxs
Secondary
rp+jxp rt+jxt
Primary Tertiary
gs+jbs
gp+jbp gt+jbt
IEC  2025/13
Figure 2 – Three winding transformer impedance
Additional requirements related to transformer modeling are listed below.
– Each PowerTransformer and its associated TransformerWindings, RatioTapChangers and
PhaseTapChangers shall be contained within one substation. For the case of a transformer
that connects two substations, however, the terminal of one of the TransformerWindings
can be connected to a ConnectivityNode defined in another substation. In this case, the
PowerTransformer, the TransformerWindings, the RatioTapChangers and the
PhaseTapChangers are still all defined in one substation.
– A PowerTransformer shall be contained by a Substation. A TransformerWinding shall be
contained by a PowerTransformer. A RatioTapChanger and a PhaseTapChanger shall be
contained by a TransformerWinding.
– Each PowerTransformer shall have at least two and no more than three
TransformerWindings. Each TransformerWinding can have at most one RatioTapChanger
or PhaseTapChanger. If a TransformerWinding does not have an associated
RatioTapChanger or PhaseTapChanger, the winding should be considered to have a fixed
tap.
Multiple types of regulating transformers are supported by the CIM model. Depending on the
regulation capabilities, the effects of tap movement will be defined using either the
RatioTapChanger class or the PhaseTapChanger class. Both of these classes are subtypes of
the TapChanger class. The use of the various subtypes is explained in IEC 61970-301.
3.4 Modeling authorities
From the use cases for model exchange detailed in Annex A, it is clear that most situations
involve multiple entities that must cooperate. In these situations, it is very important to
establish which entity has the authority for modeling each region or set of data objects. For this
purpose the CIM includes classes called ModelingAuthority and ModelingAuthoritySet. When
multiple modeling entities are involved, each modeled object is assigned to a
ModelingAuthoritySet. A ModelingAuthority can be responsible for one or more
ModelingAu
...