IEC 60598-1:2024

IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 10.0 2024-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais
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IEC 60598-1 ®
Edition 10.0 2024-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Luminaires –
Part 1: General requirements and tests

Luminaires –
Partie 1: Exigences générales et essais

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.140.40  ISBN 978-2-8322-9936-4

– 2 – IEC 60598-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 12
INTRODUCTION . 15
1 Scope . 16
2 Normative references . 16
3 Terms and definitions . 19
4 General requirements . 43
4.1 General . 43
4.2 General test requirements and verification . 43
4.3 Components of luminaires . 45
4.4 Information for luminaire design in light sources and controlgear standards . 46
5 Classification of luminaires . 46
5.1 General . 46
5.2 Classification according to the type of protection against electric shock . 46
5.3 Classification according to the degree of protection against ingress of dust,
solid objects and moisture . 46
5.4 Classification according to the material of the mounting surface for which the
luminaire is designed . 47
5.5 Classification according to the circumstances of use . 47
6 Marking . 47
6.1 General . 47
6.2 Marking on luminaires . 47
6.3 Information to be marked on luminaires . 49
6.4 Additional information . 58
6.5 Test of marking . 63
7 Construction . 64
7.1 General . 64
7.2 Replaceable components . 64
7.3 Wireways . 64
7.4 Lampholders . 64
7.5 Starterholders . 66
7.6 Terminal blocks. 66
7.7 Terminals and supply connections . 67
7.8 Switches . 69
7.9 Insulating linings and sleeves . 70
7.10 Double and reinforced insulation . 70
7.11 Electrical connections and current-carrying parts . 72
7.12 Screws, connections (mechanical) and glands . 74
7.13 Mechanical strength . 77
7.14 Suspensions, fixings and means of adjustment . 80
7.15 Flammable materials . 83
7.16 Luminaires for mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 85
7.17 Drain holes . 87
7.18 Resistance to corrosion . 87
7.19 Ignitors . 87
7.20 Rough service luminaires . 87
7.21 Protective shield . 89
7.22 Attachments to lamps. 90

7.23 Semi-luminaires . 90
7.24 Photobiological hazards . 90
7.24.1 Actinic UV hazards for skin and eye (200 nm to 400 nm) . 90
7.24.2 UV-A hazard for the eye lens (315 nm to 400 nm) . 91
7.24.3 Retinal blue light hazard . 91
7.24.4 Retinal thermal hazard (380 nm to 1 400 nm) . 92
7.24.5 Infrared hazard for the eye (780 nm to 3 000 nm) . 93
7.24.6 Thermal hazard for the skin (380 nm to 3 000 nm) . 93
7.25 Mechanical hazard . 93
7.26 Short-circuit protection . 93
7.27 Terminal blocks with integrated screwless protective earthing contacts . 94
7.28 Fixing of thermal sensing controls . 94
7.29 Luminaires with non-replaceable light sources . 95
7.30 Luminaires with non-user replaceable light sources and non-user
serviceable components. 95
7.31 Insulation between circuits . 95
7.31.1 General . 95
7.31.2 SELV or PELV circuits . 96
7.31.3 FELV circuits . 97
7.31.4 Other circuits . 97
7.31.5 Additional requirements for luminaires using controllable controlgear
providing SELV output(s) . 98
7.32 Overvoltage protective devices external to controlgear . 98
7.32.1 General . 98
7.32.2 Surge protective devices (SPDs) . 99
7.32.3 Surge protective components (SPCs) . 99
7.33 Luminaire powered via information technology communication cabling . 101
7.34 Electromagnetic fields (EMF) . 101
7.35 Protection against moving fan blades . 102
7.36 Track-mounted luminaires . 102
8 External and internal wiring . 102
8.1 General . 102
8.2 Supply connection and other external wiring . 102
8.3 Internal wiring . 111
8.4 Test to determine the suitability of conductors having a reduced cross-
sectional area . 113
9 Provision for earthing . 114
9.1 General . 114
9.2 Provision for earthing . 114
10 Protection against electric shock . 117
10.1 General . 117
10.2 Protection against electric shock . 117
11 Resistance to dust, solid objects and moisture . 121
11.1 General . 121
11.2 General conditions and tests for IP classification . 121
11.2.1 General . 121
11.2.2 Tests for first characteristics IP numerals 2, 3 and 4 . 123
11.2.3 Tests for first characteristic IP numeral 5 and 6 . 123
11.2.4 Drip-proof luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP numeral 1 . 124

– 4 – IEC 60598-1:2024 © IEC 2024
11.2.5 Drip-proof luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP numeral 2 . 125
11.2.6 Rain-proof luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP numeral 3 . 125
11.2.7 Splash-proof luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP numeral 4 . 126
11.2.8 Jet-proof luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP numeral 5 . 126
11.2.9 Powerful jet-proof luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP

numeral 6 . 127
11.2.10 Watertight luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP numeral 7 . 127
11.2.11 Pressure watertight luminaires – Tests for second characteristic IP
numeral 8 . 128
11.2.12 High pressure and temperature water jet-proof luminaires – Tests for
second characteristic IP numeral 9 (80 °C) . 128
11.2.13 High pressure and cold water jet-proof luminaires – Tests for second
characteristic IP numeral 9 (15 °C) . 128
11.3 Humidity test . 128
12 Insulation resistance and electric strength, touch current and protective conductor
current . 129
12.1 General . 129
12.2 Insulation resistance and electric strength . 129
12.2.1 General . 129
12.2.2 Test – Insulation resistance . 130
12.2.3 Test – Electric strength . 131
12.3 Touch current, protective conductor current and electric burn . 133
13 Creepage distances and clearances . 134
13.1 General . 134
13.2 Requirements . 135
13.2.1 General . 135
13.2.2 Creepage distances . 136
13.2.3 Clearances . 137
14 Endurance test and thermal test . 139
14.1 General . 139
14.2 Selection of lamps and controlgear . 139
14.3 Endurance test . 140
14.3.1 General . 140
14.3.2 Test . 140
14.3.3 Compliance . 141
14.4 Thermal test (normal operation) . 141
14.4.1 General . 141
14.4.2 Test . 142
14.4.3 Compliance . 144
14.5 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 147
14.5.1 General . 147
14.5.2 Test . 148
14.5.3 Compliance . 149
14.6 Thermal test (failed windings in controlgear) . 151
14.6.1 General . 151
14.6.2 Test for luminaires without thermal cut-outs . 151
14.6.3 Test for luminaires with temperature sensing controls . 152
14.7 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in controlgear or electronic devices
incorporated in thermoplastic luminaires . 153
14.7.1 General . 153

14.7.2 Test for luminaires without temperature sensing controls . 153
14.7.3 Test for luminaires with temperature sensing controls internal or
external to the controlgear or transformer . 156
15 Resistance to heat, fire and tracking . 157
15.1 General . 157
15.2 Resistance to heat . 157
15.3 Resistance to flame and ignition . 158
15.4 Resistance to tracking . 158
16 Screw terminals . 159
16.1 General . 159
16.2 General requirements and basic principles . 165
16.3 Mechanical requirements and tests . 167
17 Screwless terminals and electrical connections . 171
17.1 General . 171
17.2 General requirements . 173
17.3 General instructions for tests . 175
17.3.1 Preparation of samples . 175
17.3.2 Test conductors . 175
17.3.3 Multi-conductor terminals . 175
17.3.4 Multi-way terminals . 175
17.3.5 Test quantities . 175
17.4 Terminal and connections for internal wiring . 175
17.4.1 Mechanical tests . 175
17.4.2 Electrical tests . 176
17.5 Terminals and connections for external wiring . 177
17.5.1 Conductors . 177
17.5.2 Mechanical tests . 178
17.5.3 Electrical tests . 179
Annex A (normative) Test to establish whether a conductive part can cause an electric

shock . 181
A.1 General . 181
A.2 Touch voltage limits . 181
A.3 Touch current limits . 181
A.4 Compliance . 181
Annex B (normative) Test lamps . 182
B.1 General . 182
B.2 Filament lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-1 and IEC 60432-2 . 182
B.2.1 Principal modes of heat transfer and lamps used for testing . 182
B.2.2 Filament test lamps . 183
B.3 Halogen lamps within the scope of IEC 60432-3 . 184
B.4 Tubular fluorescent and other discharge lamps . 184
B.5 LED modules within the scope of IEC 62031 . 184
Annex C (normative) Abnormal circuit conditions . 185
Annex D (normative) Thermal testing . 188
D.1 Draught-proof enclosure . 188
D.2 Mounting surface . 188
D.3 Alternative test procedure for adjustment of measured temperatures for
luminaire t rating(s) . 189
a
– 6 – IEC 60598-1:2024 © IEC 2024
D.3.1 General . 189
D.3.2 Thermal test of normal operation for luminaires without temperature
sensing controls and where the rated ambient temperature t as marked
a
on the luminaire is higher than the ambient temperature in the draught-
proof enclosure . 189
Annex E (normative) Determination of winding temperature rises by the increase-in-
resistance method . 190
Annex F (normative) Test for resistance to stress corrosion of copper and copper
alloys . 191
F.1 Test cabinet . 191
F.2 Test solution . 191
F.3 Test piece . 191
F.4 Test procedure . 192
Annex G (normative) Measurement of touch current and protective conductor current . 193
G.1 General . 193
G.2 Test conditions . 193
G.3 Test procedures . 193
G.4 Test measurements . 193
G.5 Test sequence . 195
Annex H (informative) Explanation of IP numbers for degrees of protection . 197
Annex I (informative) Temperature measurements . 199
I.1 Temperature measurements of the luminaire . 199
I.2 Temperature measurement of the insulation parts of lampholders . 200
Annex J (informative) Guidelines for good practice in luminaire design . 202
J.1 General . 202
J.2 Plastics in luminaires . 202
J.3 Rust resistance . 203
J.4 Corrosion resistance . 203
J.5 Chemically corrosive atmospheres . 204
J.6 Reflector design . 204
J.7 Components in different kinds of luminaires . 205
J.8 Recommendations for electromagnetic ballast protection for end of life
phenomenon of HID lamps . 205
J.9 Resistance against the effects of vibration . 205
J.10 Flammability of components . 206
J.11 Permanent magnets . 206
Annex K (normative) Determination of creepage distances and clearances . 208
Annex L (informative) Explanation of marking for luminaires that are not suitable for
mounting on normally flammable surfaces and covering with insulation materials . 209
L.1 General . 209
L.2 Protection against flame . 209
L.3 Protection against heat . 210
L.3.1 General . 210
L.3.2 Spacing . 210
L.3.3 Temperature measurements of mounting surface under abnormal or
failed ballast conditions . 210
L.4 Thermal protectors . 212
L.5 Deletion of the F mark requirements . 213
Annex M (normative) Absorption requirements for the protective shield to be fitted to

luminaires designed for metal halide lamps which emit a high level of UV radiation . 214

M.1 General . 214
M.2 Procedure A . 214
M.3 Procedure B . 215
Annex N (informative) Conformity testing during manufacture . 216
N.1 General . 216
N.2 Testing . 216
Annex O (normative) Schedule of amended subclauses containing more serious or
critical requirements which call for products to be retested . 218
Annex P (normative) Requirements for the identification of a family or range of
luminaires for type testing . 219
P.1 General . 219
P.2 Range or family of luminaires . 219
Annex Q (informative) Additional requirements for luminaires where a higher degree of
availability (overvoltage category III) may be requested . 220
Q.1 General . 220
Q.2 Requirements for overvoltage category III . 220
Annex R (normative) Additional test requirements for terminal blocks with integrated
screwless protective earthing contact for direct connection to the luminaire housing or
to parts of the body . 222
R.1 Additional requirements to 9.2.1 . 222
R.1.1 Requirements for mechanical strength . 222
R.1.2 Test for terminal fixing . 222
R.1.3 Test for supporting plate . 222
R.2 Additional requirements to 9.2.3 . 222
Annex S (normative) Alternative thermal test for thermoplastic luminaires . 224
S.1 General . 224
S.2 Thermal test in regard to fault conditions in controlgear or electronic devices
without temperature sensing controls in thermoplastic luminaires for
fluorescent lamps ≤ 70 W . 224
Annex T (normative) Requirements for insulation between live parts of circuits and
accessible conductive parts . 226
Annex U (informative) Information regarding power sourcing equipment powering
class III luminaires via information technology communication cabling . 228
U.1 General . 228
U.2 Insulation of the mains supply . 228
U.3 Electrical limits of a PSE . 228
Annex V (informative) Cross-references to the previous edition of IEC 60598-1 . 230
Annex W (normative) Battery/EDLC-operated luminaires . 233
W.1 General . 233
W.2 General test requirements and verification . 233
W.3 Marking . 235
W.3.1 General . 235
W.3.2 Luminaires with replaceable battery . 235
W.3.3 Coin and button batteries . 235
W.3.4 Other standardized batteries (e.g. AAA or AA) . 236
W.3.5 Luminaires with non-standardized replaceable rechargeable battery . 237
W.3.6 Luminaires with non-user replaceable battery/EDLC . 237
W.3.7 Luminaires with non-replaceable battery/EDLC . 238
W.3.8 Luminaires supplied by external dedicated power supply units . 238

– 8 – IEC 60598-1:2024 © IEC 2024
W.3.9 Rechargeable luminaires other than ordinary . 238
W.3.10 Conditions for charging . 238
W.4 Construction . 239
W.4.1 General . 239
W.4.2 Small batteries (coins, button and other non-standardized batteries) . 239
W.4.3 Battery compartment fasteners for small batteries and other
standardized batteries (e.g. AAA or AA) . 240
W.4.4 Battery/EDLC chargers incorporated in luminaires . 240
W.4.5 Short-circuit protection . 240
W.4.6 Electrical parameters of the batteries operation . 241
W.4.7 Protection against overpressure for Li-ion batteries used in luminaires . 242
W.4.8 Protection against the consequence of failure of cells or EDLCs . 242
W.5 Protection against electric shock . 243
W.6 Endurance test and thermal test. 243
W.6.1 Endurance test . 243
W.6.2 Thermal test (normal operation) . 243
W.6.3 Thermal test (abnormal operation) . 244
W.6.4 Lithium-ion charging systems – Fault conditions . 245
Bibliography . 247

Figure 1 – Example of "looping-in" (feed through) . 30
Figure 2 – Examples of "through wiring" . 30
Figure 3 – Example of electro-mechanical contact system with plug or socket
connection . 32
Figure 4 – AC supply . 49
Figure 5 – DC supply . 49
Figure 6 – DC and AC supply . 49
Figure 7 – Class II . 50
Figure 8 – Class III . 50
Figure 9 – Luminaire not suitable for direct mounting on normally flammable surfaces . 52
Figure 10 – High-pressure sodium lamps that require an external ignitor (to the lamp) . 52
Figure 11 – High-pressure sodium lamps having an internal starting device . 52
Figure 12 – Warning against the use of cool-beam lamps . 52
Figure 13 – Functional earthing . 53
Figure 14 – Protective earthing . 53
Figure 15 – Minimum distance from lighted objects (metres) . 54
Figure 16 – Rough service . 54
Figure 17 – Bowl mirror lamp . 54
Figure 18 – Replace any cracked protective shield . 55
Figure 19 – Test circuit for safety during insertion . 55
Figure 20 – Self-shielded lamp. 55
Figure 21 – Luminaires with internal fuses . 56
Figure 22 – Do not stare at the operating light source . 56
Figure 23 – Caution, risk of electric shock. 57
Figure 24 – Use of heat resistant supply cables, interconnecting cables or external

wiring .
...