ETSI ETR 300-2 ed.1 (1997-05)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
PSIST ETR 300-2:2001
01-februar-2001
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Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers' guide; Part 2:
Radio channels, network protocols and service performance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETR 300-2 Edition 1
ICS:
33.070.10 Prizemni snopovni radio Terrestrial Trunked Radio
(TETRA) (TETRA)
PSIST ETR 300-2:2001 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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PSIST ETR 300-2:2001

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PSIST ETR 300-2:2001
ETSI ETR 300-2
TECHNICAL May 1997
REPORT
Source: EP-TETRA Reference: DTR/TETRA-01011-2
ICS: 33.020
Key words: TETRA, V+D, voice, data
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA);
Voice plus Data (V+D);
Designers' guide;
Part 2: Radio channels, network protocols and service
performance
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved.

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Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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Contents
Foreword .7
Introduction.7
1 Scope .9
2 References.9
3 Abbreviations.9
4 Radio channels performance .10
4.1 Introduction .10
4.2 Radio channels simulation description .10
4.3 Performance of signalling channels.14
4.3.1 AACH .16
4.3.1.1 Ideal synchronization technique.16
4.3.1.2 Realistic synchronization technique.18
4.3.2 SCH / HU.19
4.3.2.1 Ideal synchronization technique.19
4.3.2.2 Realistic synchronization technique.21
4.3.3 SCH/HD, BNCH and STCH.22
4.3.3.1 Ideal synchronization technique.22
4.3.3.2 Realistic synchronization technique.22
4.3.4 SCH/F.22
4.3.4.1 Ideal synchronization technique.22
4.3.4.2 Realistic synchronization technique.25
4.3.5 BSCH .25
4.3.5.1 Ideal synchronization technique.25
4.4 Performance of traffic channels.28
4.4.1 TCH/7,2.30
4.4.1.1 Ideal synchronization technique.30
4.4.1.2 Realistic synchronization technique.33
4.4.2 TCH/4,8 N = 1 .33
4.4.2.1 Ideal synchronization technique.33
4.4.2.2 Realistic synchronization technique.36
4.4.3 TCH/4,8 N = 4 .36
4.4.3.1 Ideal synchronization technique.36
4.4.3.2 Realistic synchronization technique.39
4.4.4 TCH/4,8 N = 8 .39
4.4.4.1 Ideal synchronization technique.39
4.4.4.2 Realistic synchronization technique.42
4.4.5 TCH/2,4 N = 1 .42
4.4.5.1 Ideal synchronization technique.42
4.4.5.2 Realistic synchronization technique.45
4.4.6 TCH/2,4 N = 4 .45
4.4.6.1 Ideal synchronization technique.45
4.4.6.2 Realistic synchronization technique.48
4.4.7 TCH/2,4 N = 8 .48
4.4.7.1 Ideal synchronization technique.48
4.4.7.2 Realistic synchronization technique.51
5 Access protocols and service performance of TETRA V+D network.51
5.1 Introduction .51
5.2 General description of traffic scenarios .51
5.2.1 Introduction.51
5.2.2 Reference traffic scenarios .51
5.3 General description of network model .53

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5.3.1 Introduction . 53
5.3.2 General assumptions on communication layers. 54
5.3.3 Mobile user . 56
5.3.4 MS . 57
5.3.5 Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI). 59
5.3.5.1 Switching infrastructure. 59
5.3.5.2 Network data base . 60
5.3.6 External network . 60
5.3.7 Radio channels . 60
5.3.7.1 Power level of wanted signal. 61
5.3.7.2 Noise power . 63
5.3.7.3 Interference power . 63
5.3.7.4 Global evaluation . 63
5.3.7.5 Transmission on a dedicated timeslot . 63
5.3.7.6 Simultaneous transmissions for random access . 64
5.4 Description of evaluated parameters . 64
5.5 Access protocols and packet data performance. 67
5.5.1 Introduction . 67
5.5.2 Scenario 1: Urban and sub-urban PAMR network. 67
5.5.2.1 Introduction . 67
5.5.2.2 Simulation assumptions for Scenario 1. 68
5.5.2.2.1 Simulated traffic scenario. 68
5.5.2.2.2 Simulated network procedures and
reference access parameters . 69
5.5.2.2.3 Confidence analysis for scenario 1
results. 71
5.5.2.3 Influence of network data base delays. 71
5.5.2.4 Main control channel allocation. 79
5.5.2.4.1 Single MCCH. 79
5.5.2.4.2 Multiple MCCH . 85
5.5.2.5 Sensitivity to access control parameters and system
configuration. 87
5.5.2.5.1 Reference configuration. 87
5.5.2.5.2 Influence of random access retry timer 89
5.5.2.5.3 Influence of random access maximum
number of re-transmissions (Nu) . 94
5.5.2.5.4 Influence of random access frame
length. 99
5.5.2.5.5 Influence of basic link maximum
number of re-transmissions . 104
5.5.2.5.6 Influence of random access technique109
5.5.3 Scenario 8: Urban and sub-urban PMR network. 114
5.5.3.1 Introduction . 114
5.5.3.2 Simulation assumptions for Scenario 8. 115
5.5.3.2.1 Simulated traffic scenario. 115
5.5.3.2.2 Simulated network procedures and
reference access parameters . 116
5.5.3.2.3 Confidence analysis for scenario 8
results. 118
5.5.3.3 Reference configuration for scenario 8 (scenario 8A) . 118
5.5.3.4 Analysis of the system with different traffic profiles . 123
5.5.3.4.1 Variation of packet data traffic. 123
5.5.3.4.2 Variation of Dispatcher traffic level. 129
5.5.3.4.3 Analysis of different service priorities
distributions . 136
5.5.3.4.4 Analysis with full duplex circuit calls. 143
5.5.3.5 Sensitivity analysis of network parameters . 147
5.5.3.5.1 Variation of the cell allocated radio
resources . 147
5.5.3.5.2 Variation of the maximum hold time in
the priority queues. 152
5.6 Circuit services performance (BER versus probability). 155
5.6.1 Introduction . 155

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5.6.2 Performance in TU propagation environment .155
5.6.3 Performance in BU propagation environment .157
5.6.4 Performance in RA propagation environment .159
5.6.5 Performance in HT propagation environment .162
Annex A: Traffic scenarios for TETRA V+D networks.164
A.1 Introduction.164
A.2 Scenarios .164
A.2.1 Scenario n. 1: Urban & sub-urban public network on a medium density European city .165
A.2.2 Scenario n. 2: Urban & sub-urban public network on a high density European city, with
ring motorways and peripheric conglomerations .166
A.2.3 Scenario n. 6: Urban & sub-urban private network on a medium density European city
for utility services .167
A.2.4 Scenario n. 8: Urban and sub-urban private network on a high density European city,
with peripheric conglomerations, for emergency services.169
Annex B: Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) of the simulated procedures.171
B.1 Individual voice or circuit data call.171
B.1.1 Calling MS and SwMI protocol stack related to the calling part.171
B.1.2 Called MS and SwMI protocol stack related to the called part.171
B.2 Group voice and circuit data call .174
B.2.1 Calling mobile and SwMI in the calling side.174
B.2.2 SwMI at called side and called mobile.174
B.3 Individual M-F short data transmission .177
B.3.1 Mobile to network data transmission .177
B.3.2 Network to Mobile data transmission.177
Annex C: Service Diagrams related to the model of Mobile user .180
C.1 General description of the model of the TETRA user .180
Annex D: Service Diagrams related to the MS .181
D.1 Random access procedure. .181
D.2 Individual voice and circuit data call .183
D.2.1 Originating mobile side .183
D.2.2 Terminating mobile side.183
D.3 Group voice and circuit data call .185
D.3.1 Originating mobile side .185
D.3.2 Terminating mobile side.185
D.4 Packet data call.187
D.4.1 Originating mobile side .187
D.4.2 Terminating mobile side.187
Annex E: Service diagrams related to the SwMI. .190
E.1 Individual voice and circuit data call .190
E.1.1 Calling side SwMI .190
E.1.2 Called side SwMI .190
E.2 Group voice and circuit data call .193
E.2.1 Calling side SwMI .193
E.2.2 Called part SwMI.193

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E.3 Packet data call . 196
E.3.1 Calling side SwMI. 196
E.3.2 Called side SwMI. 196
History. 199

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Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by the TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) ETSI
Project of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status. An
ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
an I-ETS.
This ETR consists of 4 parts as follows:
Part 1: "Overview, technical description and radio aspects";
Part 2: "Radio channels, network protocols and service performance";
Part 3: "Direct Mode Operation (DMO)", (DTR/TETRA-01011-3);
Part 4: "Network management".
Annex A provides details of the traffic scenarios for TETRA V+D systems.
Annex B provides Message Sequence Charts (MSCs) of all the simulated procedures.
Annexes C, D and E provide Service Diagrams (SDs) related to the various models. As these diagrams
are difficult to read for each diagram a computer file name is provided of the attached electronic files to
this ETR. The diagrams provided in this way allows the reader to use suitable software to browse the
computer files.
A number of major contributions have been made by ETSI members in order for this ETR to be
comprehensive, and in order that scenario implementations are validated. EPTETRA wishes to
acknowledge the work of these contributions from:
- AEG Mobile Communications Gmbh, Ulm, (D);
- ASCOM TECH. AG, Maegenwil, (CH);
- CSELT S.p.A., Torino, (IT);
- Telecom Consultant International Ltd., (UK);
- TELEDENMARK, Taastrup, (DK); and
- The UK Home Office, London (UK).
Introduction
The design of a mobile radio network is a complex process where many parameters play an important
role.
The starting point of this process is the estimate of the traffic that is offered to the network. For a single
mobile subscriber, the type of required services, the frequency of requests, the duration and the minimum
performance are the common variables that are considered in the estimate. Moreover the number of
subscribers and their distribution inside the network allow the estimation of the total amount of traffic.
A parallel operation is the investigation of the propagation environment in the region where the network
will be placed.

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The cell positioning and dimensioning is a crucial step in the design process. More than the amount of the
offered traffic and of the propagation environment, an important role is played by the knowledge of how
the design choices affect the performance for the offered services. This information is strongly related to
the particular radio interface of the mobile radio system.
The positioning and dimensioning of network switches and databases close the overall process. As in the
case of radio interface, this operation requires the knowledge about the influence of the design choices on
the overall performance.
The design process is usually iterative. A final analysis on the whole network allows to check the validity of
the process. In case of inadequate result, the process is repeated.
The evaluation of effects of the design choices on the overall network performance is usually performed
by simulation (nevertheless, when some network have been deployed, it can be done also through real
experiment).
This evaluation should allow the designer to determine the radio coverage and the resource allocation just
starting from the target performance for the provided services. Due to the complex structure of a mobile
network this operation is usually made by iterations. Starting from the network configuration, the overall
performance are evaluated, then the comparison with the target performance can lead to accept or to
repeat the evaluation with different parameters.

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1 Scope
The scope of this ETSI Technical Report (ETR) is to be a useful, but not exhaustive, basis to a network
designer for the cell planning and radio resource allocation during the design process. This ETR reports
the performance of a TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) Voice plus Data (V+D) network in some
different scenarios.
All the presented results have been evaluated through computer simulations by some companies taking
part in the TETRA standardization bodies. The network users involved in the development of the TETRA
standard provided some realistic and significant network scenarios, giving information about the offered
traffic.
The characterization of radio channels is the first step for the evaluation of performance of both network
protocols and quality of provided services. This ETR starts with the description and the illustration of
performance of TETRA V+D radio channels, in terms of Bit Error Ratio (BER) and Message Erasure Rate
(MER) as function of the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Carrier on co-channel Interference ratio (C/I).
This ETR also deals with the performance of network protocols (in terms of delay and throughput) and of
provided services (BER for circuit switched services and delay plus throughput for packet switched
services). A consequence of the analysis of access protocols is the evaluation of traffic capacity of control
and traffic channels.
2 References
For the purposes of this ETR, the following references apply.
[1] ETS 300 392-1: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European
Trunked Radio (TETRA) system; Voice plus Data; Part 1: General network
design".
[2] ETS 300 392-2: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Trans-European
Trunked Radio (TETRA) system; Voice plus Data; Part 2: Air Interface".
[3] CEC Report COST 207: "Digital Land Mobile Communications".
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETR, the following abbreviations apply:
AACH Access Assign CHannel
BER Bit Error Rate
BNCH Broadcast Network CHannel
BSCH Broadcast Synchronization CHannel
BUx Bad Urban at x km/h
C/I Carrier on co-channel Interference ratio
c
CC Call Control
CONP Connection Oriented Network Protocol
E /N Signal on Noise ratio
s 0
HH Hand Held
HTx Hilly Terrain at x km/h
LLC Logical Link Control
MAC Medium Access Control
MCCH Main Control CHannel
MER Message Erasure Rate
MLE Mobile Link Entity
MS Mobile Station
MSC Message Sequence Chart
MT Mobile Terminal
PAMR Public Access Mobile Radio
PDO Packet Data Optimized
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PMR Private Mobile Radio

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PUEM Probability of Undetected Erroneous Messages
RAx Rural Area at x km/h
RES Radio Equipment and Systems
SCH / F Signalling CHannel / Full slot
SCH / HD Signalling CHannel / Half slot Downlink
SCH / HU Signalling CHannel / Half slot Uplink
SCLNP Special Connection Less Network Protocol
SDL Specification and Description Language
SDU Service Data Unit
SwMI Switching and Mobility Infrastructure
TCH/x N=y Traffic CHannel for x kbit/s and interleaving depth N=y
TCH// S Traffic CHannel / Speech
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TETRA TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
TUx Typical Urban at x km/h
V+D Voice plus Data
4 Radio channels performance
4.1 Introduction
Performance of TETRA V+D logical radio channels are reported in this clause. They have been evaluated
through computer simulations for all the propagation environments that are modelled in
ETS 300 392-2 [2], clause 6. Moreover, performance are also reported for some values of the Mobile
Station (MS) speed in each propagation environment.
Radio channel figures are preceded by the description of the model of radio channels and of the
assumptions that have been considered for simulations. Then, for each channel, performance figures are
grouped and showed in the following order:
- comparison among different propagation environments with one value of MS speed per
environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in TU propagation environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in BU propagation environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in RA propagation environment;
- performance sensitivity to the MS speed in HT propagation environment.
Due to the different possibilities in the model of the radio receiver, two groups of simulations have been
carried out:
1) the first with ideal synchronization technique; and
2) the second with a particular implementation of the synchronization block.
In this ETR performance figures are distinguished in two subclauses for each channel and scenario.
Figures that are reported in this clause will be considered as the basis for the evaluation of network
protocol and traffic performance, presented in the following clauses.
4.2 Radio channels simulation description
Each of the TETRA V+D logical channels has been defined in order to exploit particular data
transmissions (protocol messages or user data) over the radio interface. In order to match the
requirements related to throughput and error rate, each channel has been designed with a suitable coding
scheme. The complete description of logical channels is found in ETS 300 392-2 [2], clause 8.

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On the basis of their usage in the system, the logical channels can be divided in two main groups:
- Signalling channels:
All signalling messages and packet switched user data are carried on these channels. Error
detection and error correction coding schemes are applied on transmitted messages. Moreover for
these applications it is required that corrupted messages are discarded in order to not cause
erroneous state transitions. The coding schemes of TETRA V+D channels have been designed in
order to minimize the probability that an erroneous message is not detected (PUEM). According to
ETS 300 392-2 [2], PUEM < 0,001 % is obtained for all signalling channels with the exception of
AACH (PUEM < 0,01 %). Due to the usage of these channels, the measured performance is the
MER.
- Traffic channels:
Speech frames and circuit switched user data are carried on traffic channels. Error detection and
error correction coding schemes are applied on transmitted data. No discarding mechanism is
performed on traffic channels with the exception of the TCH/S. Before entering the speech decoder,
the speech frame is discarded if corrupted. For all the other traffic channels received data are
presented to the user application even if corrupted. In general, it is significant that the measured
performance for traffic channels is the BER. Due to the particular design of the TCH/S channel, its
performance is measured in terms of both MER and residual BER (that is the BER detected on
speech frames that are not discarded).
Table 1 summarizes the main c
...