CLC/TS 50131-2-4:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-februar-2005
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Alarm systems - Intrusion systems -- Part 2-4: Requirements for combined passive
infrared and microwave detectors
Alarmanlagen - Einbruchmeldeanlagen -- Teil 2-4: Anforderungen an Passiv-
Infrarotdualmelder und Mikrowellenmelder
Systèmes d'alarme - Systèmes d'alarme intrusion -- Partie 2-4: Exigences pour
détecteurs combinés infrarouges passifs et à micro-ondes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CLC/TS 50131-2-4:2004
ICS:
13.310 Varstvo pred kriminalom Protection against crime
13.320 Alarmni in opozorilni sistemi Alarm and warning systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION CLC/TS 50131-2-4
SPECIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION August 2004

ICS 13.310
English version
Alarm systems - Intrusion systems
Part 2-4: Requirements for combined passive infrared and microwave
detectors
Systèmes d'alarme -  Alarmanlagen -
Systèmes d'alarme intrusion Einbruchmeldeanlagen
Partie 2-4: Exigences pour détecteurs Teil 2-4: Anforderungen an Passiv-
combinés infrarouges passifs Infrarotdualmelder und Mikrowellenmelder
et à micro-ondes
This Technical Specification was approved by CENELEC on 2004-05-04.

CENELEC members are required to announce the existence of this TS in the same way as for an EN and to
make the TS available promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting
national standards in force.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 35, B - 1050 Brussels

© 2004 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.

Ref. No. CLC/TS 50131-2-4:2004 E

Foreword
This Technical Specification was prepared by the Technical Committee CENELEC TC 79, Alarm systems.
The text of the draft was submitted to the vote at the meeting of TC 79 in Madrid and was approved by
CENELEC as CLC/TS 50131-2-4 on 2004-05-04. Standstill is maintained.

The following date was fixed:
- latest date by which the existence of the TS (doa) 2004-11-04
has to be announced at national level
NOTE  Latest date by which the TS has to be voted as EN: 2 years maximum after dav of TS.

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Contents
Page
1 Scope.4
2 Normative references.4
3 Definitions and abbreviations .5
4 Functional requirements.7
4.1  Indication signals or messages .7
4.2  Detection .8
4.3  Operational requirements.9
4.4  Immunity of the individual technologies to incorrect operation.10
4.5  Tamper security.10
4.6  Electrical requirements.11
4.7  Environmental classification and conditions.12
5 Marking, identification and documentation.12
5.1  Marking and/or identification .12
5.2  Documentation .12
6 Testing.13
6.1  General test conditions.13
6.2  Basic detection test .14
6.3  Walk testing.15
6.4  Verification of detection performance.16
6.5  Switch-on delay, time interval between signals and indication of detection .18
6.6  Fault condition signals or messages: self tests.19
6.7  Immunity of individual technologies to incorrect operation.19
6.8  Tamper security.20
6.9  Electrical tests .22
6.10 Environmental classification and conditions.23
6.11 Marking, identification and documentation.24
Annex A (normative) Format of standard test magnets.26
Annex B (normative) General testing matrix.27
Annex C (normative) Walk test diagrams.29
Annex D (normative) Procedure for calculation of the average temperature difference
between the standard target and the background .32
Annex E (informative) Basic detection target for the basic test of detection capability .34
Annex F (informative) Calibration heat source and microwave reflector.35
Annex G (normative) Calibration of the standard walk test targets .36
Annex H (informative) Equipment for walk test velocity control.38
Annex J (informative) Immunity to visible and near infrared radiation:
notes on calibration of the light source .39
Annex K (informative) Immunity to microwave signal attenuation by fluorescent lights .40
Annex L (normative) List of small tools suitable for testing immunity of casing to attack.41
Annex M (informative) Test for resistance to re-orientation of adjustable mountings .42
Figure A.1 - Format of standard test magnets.26
Figure C.1 - Detection across the boundary, & effect of control adjustments .29
Figure C.2 - Detection within the boundary, & effect of control adjustments.29
Figure C.3 - High velocity and intermittent movement.30
Figure C.4 - Close-in detection.30
Figure C.5 - Significant range reduction .31
Figure G.1 – Calibration of microwave SWT .37
Figure K.1 – Immunity to fluorescent lamp interference.40
Table 1 - Indication signals or messages .7
Table 2 - General walk test velocity and attitude requirements.8
Table 3 - Tamper security requirements.11
Table 4 - Electrical requirements.11
Table 5 - Range of materials for masking tests.22
Table 6 - Environmental tests, operational .24
Table 7 - Environmental tests, endurance.24

Introduction
This Technical Specification is a specification for combined passive infrared and microwave detectors (to
be referred to here as the combined detector) used as part of intrusion detection systems installed in
buildings. It includes four security grades and the first three environmental classes.

The purpose of the combined detector is to detect the broad spectrum infrared radiation emitted by an
intruder and, at the same time, to emit microwave radiation over the area being protected, and analyse
signals that are returned. An intrusion signal or message is only generated when both technologies
register a positive indication of the presence of an intruder, thus reducing incorrect operation. The
combined detector shall provide the necessary range of signals or messages to be used by the rest of the
intrusion detection system.
The number and scope of these signals or messages will be more comprehensive for systems that are
specified at the higher grades.

If a combined detector can be operated in each technology individually, it shall also meet the grade
dependent requirements of the standards having relevance to those technologies.

This specification is only concerned with the requirements and tests for the detector. Other types of
detector are covered by other documents identified as CLC/TS 50131-2-x.

The requirement in EN 50131-1 that detectors in grade 3 and 4 systems shall include a means to detect a
significant reduction in range may be met either by detectors having the appropriate function (4.2.3) or by
suitable system design.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification provides for security grades 1 to 4 (see EN 50131-1), specific or non-specific
wired or wire-free combined passive infrared and microwave detectors, and is covered by environmental
classes I to III (see EN 50130-5).

A function designated in the specification as not required for a particular grade may be provided by the
manufacturer. If provided, it will be tested, and shall meet all relevant requirements of any higher grade. If
it passes, the manufacturer may claim it as an extra feature, which does not alter the overall grading of the
detector.
The specification does not apply to system interconnections.

2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 50130-4:1995 Alarm systems - Part 4: Electromagnetic compatibility - Product family standard:
Immunity requirements for components of fire, intruder and social alarm
systems
EN 50130-5:1998 Alarm systems - Part 5: Environmental test methods

EN 50131-1:1997 Alarm Systems - Intrusion systems - Part 1: General requirements

EN 50131-6:1997 Alarm systems - Intrusion systems - Part 6: Power supplies

EN 60529:1991 Degree of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)

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3 Definitions and abbreviations

For the purpose of this specification. the following definitions and abbreviations apply in addition to those
given in EN 50131-1:
3.1
alert/set mode
state of operation in which a detector will generate an intrusion signal in response to stimulation by a
human being or a standard target

3.2
basic detection target
heat source and/or microwave reflector designed to verify the operation of a detector

3.3
ceiling mount detector
detector capable of sensing human movement from a mounting position on the ceiling

3.4
combined passive infrared and microwave detector
detector of the broad-spectrum infrared emitted by a human being, with an active microwave emitter and
detector installed in the same casing

3.5
curtain detector
detector capable of sensing human movement through a continuous layer of detection zones

3.6
incorrect operation
physical condition that causes an inappropriate signal from a detector

3.7
local memory
storage medium situated on board the detector, and having the capability to record signals or messages
generated by the detector
3.8
long range detector
detector capable of sensing human movement in an extended field of view with horizontal angular
coverage less than 10°
3.9
masking
interference with the detector input capability by the introduction of a physical barrier such as metal,
plastic, paper or sprayed paints or lacquers in close proximity to the detector

3.10
microwave detector
detector having an active microwave emitter and detector installed in the same casing

3.11
passive infrared detector
detector of the broad-spectrum infrared radiation emitted by a human being

3.12
simulated walk test target
non-human or synthetic heat source or microwave reflector designed to simulate the standard walk test
target
3.13
standard walk test target
human being of standard weight and height clothed in close fitting clothing appropriate to the simulation of
an intruder
3.14
standby/unset mode
state of operation in which a detector is not required to generate an intrusion signal or message in
response to stimulation by a human being or a standard target

NOTE  For environmental reasons, the microwave emitter may be switched off.

3.15
test mode
state of operation in which a detector will activate an intrusion indicator in response to stimulation by a
human being or a standard walk test target

3.16
volumetric detector
detector capable of sensing human movement in a volume such as a room with a field of view with
horizontal angular coverage greater than 45°

3.17
walk test
operational test during which a detector is stimulated by the standard walk test target in a controlled
environment
3.18
walk test attitude, crawling
crawling attitude shall consist of the standard walk test target moving with hands and knees in contact with
the floor
3.19
walk test attitude, upright
upright attitude shall consist of the standard walk test target standing and walking with arms held at the
sides of the body. The standard walk test target begins and ends a traverse with feet together

3.20
wire free detector
detector connected to the control & indicating equipment by non-physical means such as radio frequency
signals
3.21  Abbreviations
HDPE high density polyethylene
PIR passive infrared
EMC electromagnetic compatibility
SWT standard walk test target
BDT basic detection target
FOV field of view
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4 Functional requirements
4.1 Indication signals or messages

All detectors shall have an alert/set mode. Grades 3 and 4 shall have an unset mode. If a detector has
only one mode of operation, then it shall always be in the alert/set mode. Tamper detection shall be active
in all modes.
Each possible mode of operation is determined by the status of the intrusion detection system with which
the detector communicates. The detector signals or messages in these modes of operation shall function
in accordance with Table 1. All signals or messages apply to all modes of operation unless stated
otherwise. Where a memory display is provided on board the detector, it shall not function in the alert/set
mode.
Table 1 - Indication signals or messages
Event Grades Intrusion signal or Tamper signal or Fault signal or
message message message
Intrusion 1 – 4 Required * Not permitted Not permitted
1 – 4 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
No stimulus
Masking 1 – 2 Not required Not required Not required
3 – 4 Required ** Not required Required **
Tamper 1 – 4 Not required Required Not required
1 – 2 Not required Not required Not required
Low supply voltage (external)
3 – 4 Not required Not required Required
Total loss of external power 1 Not required Not required Not required
supply
2 – 4 Required Not required Not required
***
Local self test pass 1 – 4  Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
1 – 2  Not permitted Not permitted Not required
Local self test fail
3 – 4
Not permitted Not permitted Required
Remote self test pass 1 – 2 Not permitted Not permitted Not permitted
3 – 4 Required Not permitted Not permitted
1 – 2
Not permitted Not permitted Not required
Remote self test fail
3 – 4 Not permitted Not permitted Required
* Not required in unset/standby mode: required in test mode.
** An independent masking signal or message may be provided instead.
*** Not required for bus systems.
NOTE  For internal power supplies, see EN 50131-6.

4.2 Detection
4.2.1 Detection performance
The combined detector shall generate an intrusion signal or message when the SWT or simulated walk
test target moves within the boundary for a distance of 3 m or across the manufacturer’s claimed
boundary of detection. An intrusion signal or message shall only be generated when both technologies
register a positive indication of the presence of an intruder.

The variety of velocities and attitudes are as specified in Table 2.

Table 2 - General walk test velocity and attitude requirements
Test Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Required Required Required Required
Detection at the boundary
Velocity (m/s) 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
Attitude Upright Upright Upright Upright
Detection within the boundary Required Required Required Required
Velocity (m/s) 0,3 0,3 0,2 0,1
Attitude Upright Upright Upright Upright
Not required Required Required Required
Detection at high velocity
Velocity (m/s) # 2,0 2,5 3,0
Attitude # Upright Upright Upright
Close-in detection performance (dist, m) 2,0 2,0 0,5 0,5
Velocity (m/s) 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2
Attitude Upright Upright Crawling Crawling
Not required Not required Required Required
Intermittent movement detection
performance *
Velocity (m/s) # # 0,2 (1,0) 0,1 (1,0)
Attitude # # Upright Upright
Effect of control adjustments ** Not Required Required Required
Required
Velocity (m/s) # 0,3 0,2 0,1
Attitude # Upright Upright Crawling
Significant reduction of specified range Not required Not required Not required Not required
*** ***
Velocity (m/s) # # # (1,0) 1,0
Attitude # # # (Upright) Upright
* The intermittent movement shall consist of the SWT moving a distance of 1 m by taking two 0,2 (5) m steps (at 1,0 m/s),
pausing for 5 s then continuing until the SWT has left the area for a further 1 s.
** If means for continuous adjustment of detection sensitivity is provided, the effect of any setting shall be indicated with a
tolerance of less than 25 % of the maximum reading.
*** The means to detect a significant reduction in range may be met either by detectors having the appropriate function (4.2.3) or
by suitable system design.
# To test features that are not required in a particular grade, parameters from a higher grade shall be specified.

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4.2.2 Indication of detection
An indicator shall be provided at the detector to indicate when detection causes an intrusion signal or
message. This indicator shall only have this function, shall not function in the event of power failure, and
be capable of being enabled/disabled. This operation shall only be performed locally after removal of the
cover or remotely at the control and indicating equipment.

4.2.3 Significant reduction of specified range

If the facility to detect reduction in specified range is provided, then range reduction along the
principal axis of detection of more than 50 % shall generate an alarm or fault signal or message
within a maximum period of 180 s, according to the requirements given in Table 2. The
requirements of 4.3.5 (self test) and 4.5.5 (resistance to masking) can provide range reduction
detection.
If additional equipment is required to detect significant reduction in range, reference shall be
made to the manufacturer’s documentation.

4.3 Operational requirements
4.3.1 Time interval between intrusion signals or messages

Wired detectors shall be able to provide an intrusion signal or message not more than 15 s after the end
of the preceding intrusion signal or message. Wire free detectors shall perform the same function in a
time as follows:
Grade 1: 300 s
Grade 2: 300 s
Grade 3: 30 s
Grade 4: 15 s
NOTE  See EN 50131-1 for amendment.

4.3.2 Switch on delay
The detector shall meet all functional requirements within 180 s of the power supply reaching its nominal
voltage.
4.3.3 Fault condition signals
When a detector suffers a fault, a fault signal or message shall be generated in accordance with the
manufacturer's specification, and the provisions of Table 1.

4.3.4 Power supply faults
Detectors of all grades shall signal complete power failure according to the provisions of Table 1.
Additionally, detectors of grades 3 and 4 shall signal when the supply voltage moves below the
manufacturer’s specified range according to the provisions of Table 1.

4.3.5 Self tests
Grade 3 and grade 4 detectors shall monitor the function of the sensor and associated on-board signal
processing circuitry. A self test shall be performed under the control of the detector.

When a remote self test is initiated a signal or message shall be generated between 1 and 5 s later, and
shall be signalled within 5 s of that initiation. The test duration shall not exceed 10 s. After the test is
completed, the detector shall resume it’s previous state within 5 s. Fault indication requirements appear in
Table 1.
Where normal operation of the detector is inhibited during a local test of function monitoring the inhibition
time shall be limited to a maximum of 15 s in a period of 1 h.

4.4 Immunity of the individual technologies to incorrect operation

The detector shall be considered to have sufficient immunity to incorrect operation if the following
requirements have been met. No intrusion signal or message shall be generated during the tests.

4.4.1 Immunity to air flow
The PIR component of the detector shall not generate an intrusion signal or message when air is blown
over the face of the detector.

4.4.2 Immunity to visible & near infrared radiation

The PIR component of the detector shall not generate an intrusion signal or message when visible and
near infrared radiation from a light source such as a car headlamp is directed on to the front window or
lens through a pane of glass.
4.4.3 Immunity to microwave signal interference by fluorescent lights

The microwave component of the detector shall not generate an intrusion signal or message due to the
operation of a fluorescent light source mounted nearby.

4.5 Tamper security
Tamper security requirements for each grade of detector are shown in Table 3.

4.5.1 Prevention of unauthorized access to the inside of the detector through covers and
existing holes
Access holes shall not allow interference with the operation of the detector by probing with commonly
available tools. Damage must not be caused that would be visible to a person with normal eyesight
viewing from a distance of 1 m with the detector illuminated at a level of 2 000 lux.

A tool shall be required to open the unit. All covers giving access to components which could affect
adversely the operation of the detector shall be fitted with a tamper detection device in accordance with
Table 3. A tamper signal or message shall be generated before access is gained with any tool.

4.5.2 Detection of removal from the mounting surface

A tamper detection device shall be fitted which signals a tamper if the detector is removed from the
mounting surface in accordance with Table 3. Mounting screws shall only be accessible from within the
unit. Operation of the device shall not be preventable by external means. This device shall activate before
access can be gained to it.
4.5.3 Resistance to re-orientation of adjustable mountings

Where the orientation of a detector can be adjusted, resistance to re-orientation of the mounting shall be
provided in accordance with Table 3.

The alignment of the boundary of detection shall not have changed by more than 5° due to a grade
dependent applied torque. Alternatively a tamper detection device shall signal before the alignment of the
boundary of detection has moved by 5°. One test arrangement is described in Annex M.

If a detector provides a means to adjust the orientation of its coverage pattern, the access to this means
shall be protected by a tamper detection device.

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4.5.4 Immunity to magnetic field interference

It shall not be possible to inhibit any signalling devices with a magnet of grade dependent remanence,
according to Table 3. The form of standard magnets is described in Annex A.

4.5.5 Resistance to masking
Means shall be provided to detect inhibition of the operation of the detector by covering its sensing area
and sensor, in the unset mode. The maximum response time for the masking detection device shall be
180 s. Intrusion and fault signals or messages or a dedicated anti-masking signal or message shall be
generated. The signals or messages shall remain latched until restored. Grade dependency appears in
Table 3.
No anti-masking signal shall be generated by normal human movement at 1m/s at a distance greater than
1 m in the unset condition.
Table 3 - Tamper security requirements
Requirement Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Resistance to access to the inside Required Required Required Required
of the detector
Removal from the mounting Not required Required * Required Required
surface *
Not required Required Required Required
Resistance to reorientation
2 5 10
Applied torque (Nm)
Magnetic field Not required Required Required Required
0,15 0,3 1,2
Immunity  (T)
Anti-masking capability Not required Not required Required Required
* Required for wire free detectors only.

4.6 Electrical requirements
These requirements do not apply to detectors having internal power supplies. For these detectors refer to
EN 50131-6. For a detector having an external power supply, the requirements appear in Table 4.

Table 4 - Electrical requirements
Test Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4
Required Required Required Required
Detector power consumption
Input voltage range and slow input Not required Required Required Required
voltage rise
Not required Required Required Required
Input voltage ripple
Input voltage step change Not required Required Required Required
Not required Required Required Required
Total loss of supply
4.6.1 Detector current consumption

The detector's quiescent and maximum current consumption shall not exceed the figures claimed by the
manufacturer at the nominal input voltage.

4.6.2 Slow input voltage change (rise) and input voltage range limits

The detector shall meet all functional requirements when the input voltage lies between +/-25 % of the
nominal value, or between the manufacturer's stated values (range limits if greater). When the supply
voltage is raised slowly, the detector shall function normally at the specified range limits.

4.6.3 Input voltage ripple
The detector shall meet all functional requirements during the sinusoidal variation of the Input voltage by
+/- 10 % of nominal, at a frequency of 100 Hz.

4.6.4 Input voltage step change

No signals or messages shall be caused by a step in the input voltage between the maximum and
minimum values of the input voltage.

4.6.5 Total loss of supply
An intrusion signal or message shall be caused by the total loss of the supply voltage.

4.7 Environmental classification and conditions

4.7.1 Environmental classification

The environmental classification is described in EN 50131-1. All the relevant environmental tests shall be
carried out at the appropriate level for all security grades, as detailed in EN 50130-5.

4.7.2 Immunity to environmental conditions

All detectors shall meet the requirements of the relevant environmental class and equipment class as
specified by the manufacturer.

Impact tests shall not be carried out on delicate detector components such as LEDs, optical windows or
lenses.
For operational tests, the detector shall not generate unintentional intrusion, tamper, fault or other signals
or messages when subjected to the specified range of environmental conditions.

For endurance tests, the detector shall continue to meet the requirements of this standard after being
subjected to the specified range of environmental conditions.

5 Marking, identification and documentation

5.1 Marking and/or identification

Marking and/or identification shall be applied to the product in accordance with the requirements of
EN 50131-1.
5.2 Documentation
The product shall be accompanied with clear and concise documentation conforming to the main systems
document EN 50131-1.The documentation shall additionally state

a) a list of all options, functions (including any from higher grades), inputs, signals or messages,
indications and their relevant characteristics;

b) the manufacturer’s diagram of the detector and its claimed detection boundary showing top and side
elevations superimposed upon a scaled 2 m squared grid. The size of the grid shall be directly
related to the size of the claimed detection boundary;

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c) the recommended mounting height, and the effect of changes to it on the claimed detection
boundary;
d) the effect of adjustable controls on the detector’s performance or on the claimed detection boundary;

e) any disallowed field adjustable control settings or combinations of these;

f) where alignment adjustments are provided, these shall be labelled as to their function;

g) a warning to the user not to obscure partially or completely the detector's field of view with large
objects such as furniture;
h) the manufacturer’s quoted nominal operating voltage, and the maximum and quiescent detector
current consumption at that voltage;

i) the method of detecting a 50 % reduction in range, where provided.

6 Testing
The tests are intended to be primarily concerned with verifying the correct operation of the detector to the
specification provided by the manufacturer. All the test parameters specified shall carry a general
tolerance of +/- 10% unless otherwise stated. A list of tests appears as a general test matrix in Annex B.

6.1 General test conditions
6.1.1 Standard laboratory conditions for testing

The general atmospheric conditions in the measurement and tests laboratory shall be those specified in
EN 60068-1, subclause 5.3.1, unless stated otherwise.

°
Temperature  15 C - 35 °C
Relative humidity 25 % RH - 75 % RH
Air pressure  86 kPa - 106 kPa

6.1.2 General detection testing environment and procedures

Manufacturer’s documented Instructions regarding mounting and operation shall be read and applied to all
tests.
6.1.2.1 Testing environment
The detection tests require an enclosed, unobstructed and draught-free area at least 25 % larger in the
three dimensions than the manufacturer’s claimed field of view, with the detector mounted in the as-used
position on a wall or ceiling, or on a free-standing test rig.

To standardize the test area walls and floor for IR tests, they shall each be covered with uniform materials
having an infrared emissivity of at least 80 % in the 8-14 micron wavelength band, at least directly behind
the SWT, and in the FOV of the detector.

To standardize the test area walls and floor for microwave tests, they shall be constructed from materials
having low microwave reflection.

Volumetric, curtain, and long-range detectors shall be mounted on the centre line of the vertical surface
constituting the back wall of the test area, or on a free-standing test rig, at a height of 2,0 m unless
otherwise specified by the manufacturer. Ceiling mounted detectors shall be mounted in an appropriate
orientation permitting at least half the field of view to be verified.

Annex C provides example diagrams for the range of walk tests for one format of detection pattern. Many
others are possible.
6.1.2.2 Testing procedures
The detector shall be connected to the nominal supply voltage, placed in the alert/set mode, and
connected to the monitoring system that is appropriate to the test. Unless otherwise stated, both
technologies shall operate together normally. The detector shall beallowed to stabilize for 180 s. The
intrusion signal or message output shall be monitored. If multiple sensitivity modes such as pulse counting
are available, any non-compliant modes shall be identified by the manufacturer. All compliant modes shall
be tested.
The following SWT temperature conditions shall apply during the test and shall be recorded at intervals
sufficient to ensure consistent measurement.

a) The temperature of the background surface immediately behind the target shall be in the range 15 °C
to 25 °C, and shall be horizontally uniform over that area to +/- 2 °C during calibration of the SWT.
Over the whole background area it shall be measured at ten points.

b) The averaged temperature difference between the background temperature and the SWT
temperature shall be 3 °C +/- 10 %. If it is greater, attenuation filters shall be placed directly over the
detector lens or window to reduce the energy received by the detector. The procedure is described in
G.1.
c) The microwave SWT reflection shall be established and shall be compared with that of the standard
microwave target, and the SWT adjusted to bring it’s reflectivity within 20 % of that of the standard
microwave target. If it is greater, attenuation filters shall be attached to the SWT to reduce the energy
received by the detector. The procedure is described in G.2.

6.2 Basic detection test
6.2.1 Basic detection targets
The manufacturer shall provide, for testing purposes only, methods for placing either technology
permanently in a state where the other technology may cause an intrusion signal or message.

The purpose of the BDT is to verify that a detector is still operational after a test or tests has been carried
out. The BDT verifies only the qualitative performance of a detector.

The passive infrared BDT consists of a heat source with equivalent heat emission to that of the human
hand, that can be moved across the field of view of the detector.

The microwave reflective BDT shall be a metal plate having equivalent microwave reflectivity to that of the
human hand, that can be moved across the field of view of the detector.

BDTs may be used separately or together. Informative descriptions appear in Annex E. The temperature
of the heat source shall not be less than 3 °C above the background.

A close-in walk test may be carried out as an alternative to using the BDT.

6.2.2 Basic test of passive infrared detection capability

Activate the microwave technology; the unit shall not generate an intrusion signal or message. A stimulus
that is similar to that produced by the SWT is applied to the detector using the PIR BDT. Move the BDT
perpendicularly across the centre line of the detection field at a distance of not more than 1 m from the
detector, and at a height where the manufacturer claims detection will occur.

Move the BDT a distance of 1 m at a velocity of 0,5 m/s to 1,0 m/s. The detector shall produce an
intrusion signal or message when exposed to the stimulus both before and after being subjected to any
test that may adversely affect its performance.

- 15 - CLC/TS 50131-2-4:2004
6.2.3 Basic test of microwave detection capability

Activate the passive infrared technology; the unit shall not generate an intrusion signal or message. A
stimulus that is similar to that produced by the SWT is applied to the detector using the microwave BDT.
Move the BDT along the centre line of the detection field from a distance of 2 m to a distance of 1 m from
the detector, at a height where the manufacturer claims detection will occur.

The BDT is to be moved a distance of 1 m at a velocity of 0,5 m/s to 1,0 m/s. The detector shall produce
an intrusion signal or message when exposed to the stimulus both before and after being subjected to any
test that may adversely affect its performance.

6.3 Walk testing
Walk testing is accomplished by the controlled movement of a SWT across the field of view of the
detector. The grade dependent velocities and attitudes to be used by the SWT are specified in Table 2.
Walk tests shall not be repeated before a time interval of at least 20 s (or greater if specified by the
manufacturer) has elapsed.
General pass/fail criteria for all walk tests: An intrusion signal or message shall be generated during a
(each) walk test to register a pass. If an individual walk test is failed, it shall be repeated twice more. Two
passes out of the three tests shall constitute a passed test. For a complete test series, 95 % or more of
the tests shall be passed.
6.3.1 The walk test targets
6.3.1.1 The standard walk test target

The SWT shall have the physical dimensions of 160 cm to 185 cm in height, shall weigh 70 kg +/- 10 kg
and shall wear close fitting clothing having a heat emissivity of greater than 80 % in the 8 to 14 micron
wavelength band, and a microwave reflectivity that is within 20 % of the microwave calibration target. No
metallic objects shall be worn or carried by the SWT, except any material that may be attached to the
SWT's clothing to adjust reflectivity, or incorrect microwave reflection will result.

The averaged temperature difference between the SWT and the background shall be established.

Temperatures shall be measured at five points on the body of the SWT, on the surface facing
perpendicularly to the axis of the detector, and the background temperature close to each point measured
at the same time.
1. Head
2. Upper torso side
3. Hand at body side
4. Legs at knee
5. Feet
Temperatures shall be measured using a non-contact thermometer, or equivalent equipment, which shall
be verified against the calibration heat source (6.3.3.1).

The temperature differences with the background at each body point are calculated, weighted and
averaged. The informative detail calculation of the SWT temperature difference is given in D.1.

The microwave reflection of the SWT shall be compared with that of the standard microwave target, and
the target speed and generated Doppler shift for the different microwave operating frequencies calculated.
The informative detail calculation of the SWT Doppler shift is given in D.2.

There shall be a means of calibration and control of the desired velocity at which the SWT is required to
move.
NOTE  The use of a simulator/robot in place of the SWT is permitted, provided that it meets the specification of the SWT with
regard to temperature and/or microwave spectrum. It is known as the simulated target. In case of conflict, a human walk test shall
be the primary reference.
6.3.2 Walk test target calibration

6.3.2.1 A calibration heat source

A heat source that has an absolutely constant temperature close to that of the human body is described in
F.1.
6.3.2.2 A calibration microwave target

A microwave reflector that has a reflectivity close to that of the human body is described in F.2.

6.3.2.3 Standard walk test target temperature difference

The equivalent average temperature difference Dt between the background temperature and the SWT
e
temperature shall be 3 °C +/- 10 %.

Since the human target is variable in the amount of heat emitted in the 8 to 14 micron wavelength band, it
may be necessary to adjust the signal received from the SWT to achieve the required equivalent average
temperature difference.
The real average temperature difference Dt is measured, and it's value shall be greater than 2,7 °C,
r
(3,0 °C – 10 %). As is described in Annex G, attenuation filters shall be used to reduce the thermal
radiation from the SWT by a factor Dt /Dt (+/- 10 %). If Dt is less than 3,3 °C, no filter will be required.
e r r
6.3.2.4 Standard walk test target microwave reflectivity

The microwave reflection of the SWT for a given microwave frequency is referenced to a standard
transceiver and adjusted for effective reflecting area by the addition of microwave reflectors or absorbers
attached to the clothing of the SWT. The RMS output voltage of the transceiver shall be within 20 % of its
calibration value.
6.3.2.5 Control of the standard walk test target velocity

This equipment provides a means whereby the SWT can move at a desired velocity. The system
produces an apparent movement or audible
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