EN IEC 61784-1-8:2023
(Main)Industrial networks - Profiles - Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles - Communication Profile Family 8
Industrial networks - Profiles - Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles - Communication Profile Family 8
IEC 61784-1-8:2023 defines Communication Profile Family 8 (CPF 8). CPF 8 specifies a set of protocol specific communication profiles (CPs) based on the IEC 61158 series (Type 18 and Type 23) and other standards, to be used in the design of devices involved in communications in factory manufacturing and process control.
Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Profile - Teil 1-8: Feldbusprofile - Kommunikationsprofilfamilie (CPF) 8
Réseaux industriels Profils Partie 1-8: Profils de bus de terrain Famille de profils de communication 8
L’IEC 61784-1-8:2023 définit la famille de profils de communication 8 (CPF 8). La CPF 8 définit un jeu de profils de communication (CP) spécifiques au protocole, fondé sur la série IEC 61158 (type 18 et type 23) et d’autres normes, à utiliser pour la conception d’appareils employés en communication dans le cadre de la production industrielle et de la commande de processus.
Industrijska omrežja - Profili - 1-8. del: Profili procesnih vodil - Komunikacijski profil skupine 8 (IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
Ta del standarda IEC 61784-1 določa družino komunikacijskih profilov 8 (CPF 8). Družina komunikacijskih profilov 8 določa sklop komunikacijskih profilov (CP), specifičnih za protokol, na osnovi skupine standardov IEC 61158 (tip 18 in tip 23) in drugih standardov, za uporabo pri oblikovanju naprav, vključenih v postopkih komunikacije v tovarniški proizvodnji in kontroli procesa.
OPOMBA 1: Vsi komunikacijski profili temeljijo na standardih ali osnutkih standardov ali mednarodnih standardih, ki jih je objavila komisija IEC, oziroma na standardih ali mednarodnih standardih, ki so jih določili drugi organi za standarde ali procesi odprtih standardov.
OPOMBA 2: Nekateri komunikacijski profili iz družine komunikacijskih profilov 8 so določeni v standardu IEC 61784-2-8.
Vsak komunikacijski profil izbere skladno in združljivo podskupino opravil ter protokolov iz ustreznega sklopa, ki je definiran in modeliran v skupini standardov IEC 61158. Za izbrane podskupine opravil in protokolov profil opisuje tudi morebitne potrebne ali nujne omejitve vrednosti parametrov.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Industrijska omrežja - Profili - 1-8. del: Profili procesnih vodil - Komunikacijski
profil skupine 8 (IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
Industrial networks - Profiles - Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles - Communication Profile Family
8 (IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Profile - Teil 1-8: Feldbusprofile -
Kommunikationsprofilfamilie (CPF) 8 (IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
Réseaux industriels - Profils - Partie 1-8: Profils de bus de terrain - Famille de profils de
communication 8 (IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61784-1-8:2023
ICS:
25.040.40 Merjenje in krmiljenje Industrial process
industrijskih postopkov measurement and control
35.100.05 Večslojne uporabniške Multilayer applications
rešitve
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61784-1-8
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM April 2023
ICS 35.100.20; 35.240.50 Supersedes EN IEC 61784-1:2019 (partially)
English Version
Industrial networks - Profiles - Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles -
Communication Profile Family 8
(IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
Réseaux industriels - Profils - Partie 1-8: Profils de bus de Industrielle Kommunikationsnetze - Profile - Teil 1-8:
terrain - Famille de profils de communication 8 Feldbusprofile - Kommunikationsprofilfamilie (CPF) 8
(IEC 61784-1-8:2023) (IEC 61784-1-8:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2023-04-25. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61784-1-8:2023 E
European foreword
The text of document 65C/1207/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61784-1-8, prepared by SC 65C
"Industrial networks" of IEC/TC 65 "Industrial-process measurement, control and automation" was
submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN IEC 61784-1-8:2023.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2024-01-25
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2026-04-25
document have to be withdrawn
This document, together with other parts of the same series, partially supersedes EN IEC 61784-
1:2019 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61784-1-8:2023 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60793 (series) NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60793 (series)
IEC 61158-1 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61158-1
IEC 61158-3 (series) NOTE Approved as EN 61158-3 (series)
IEC 61158-4 (series) NOTE Approved as EN 61158-4 (series)
IEC 61158-5 (series) NOTE Approved as EN 61158-5 (series)
IEC 61158-5-23 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61158-5-23
IEC 61158-6 (series) NOTE Approved as EN 61158-6 (series)
IEC 61158-6-23 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61158-6-23
IEC 61784-1 (series) NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61784-1 (series)
IEC 61784-2 (series) NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61784-2 (series)
IEC 61784-2-8 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61784-2-8
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 61158 series Industrial communication networks - EN IEC 61158 series
Fieldbus specifications
IEC 61158-2 2023 Industrial communication networks - EN IEC 61158-2 2023
Fieldbus specifications - Part 2: Physical
layer specification and service definition
IEC 61158-3-18 2007 Industrial communication networks - EN 61158-3-18 2008
Fieldbus specifications - Part 3-18: Data-
link layer service definition - Type 18
elements
IEC 61158-4-18 2010 Industrial communication networks - EN 61158-4-18 2012
Fieldbus specifications - Part 4-18: Data-
link layer protocol specification - Type 18
elements
IEC 61158-5-18 2010 Industrial communication networks - EN 61158-5-18 2012
Fieldbus specifications - Part 5-18:
Application layer service definition - Type
18 elements
IEC 61158-6-18 2010 Industrial communication networks - EN 61158-6-18 2012
Fieldbus specifications - Part 6-18:
Application layer protocol specification -
Type 18 elements
IEC 61784-1-0 2023 Industrial networks - Profiles - Part 1-0: EN IEC 61784-1-0 2023
Fieldbus profiles - General concepts and
terminology
ISO/IEC 8482 - Information technology - - -
Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems - Twisted pair
multipoint interconnections
TIA-485-A 1998 Electrical Characteristics of Generators - -
and Receivers for Use in Balanced Digital
Multipoint Systems
IEC 61784-1-8 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-03
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Industrial networks – Profiles –
Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles – Communication Profile Family 8
Réseaux industriels – Profils –
Partie 1-8: Profils de bus de terrain – Famille de profils de communication 8
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 35.100.20; 35.240.50 ISBN 978-2-8322-6625-0
– 2 – IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, symbols, and conventions . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations and symbols . 8
3.2.1 Common abbreviations and symbols . 8
3.2.2 Other abbreviations and symbols . 8
3.3 Conventions . 8
4 CPF 8 (CC-Link) . 8
4.1 General overview . 8
4.1.1 General . 8
4.1.2 Profile 8/1 . 9
4.1.3 Profile 8/2 . 9
4.1.4 Profile 8/3 . 9
4.2 CP 8/1 . 10
4.2.1 Physical layer . 10
4.2.2 Data-link layer . 11
4.2.3 Application layer . 14
4.3 CP 8/2 . 17
4.3.1 Physical layer . 17
4.3.2 Data-link layer . 17
4.3.3 Application layer . 17
4.4 CP 8/3 . 17
4.4.1 Physical layer . 17
4.4.2 Data-link layer . 19
4.4.3 Application layer . 21
Annex A (informative) CPF 8 (CC-LINK) communication concepts . 24
A.1 Basic characteristics . 24
A.1.1 Basic characteristics overview . 24
A.1.2 Initial cycle . 24
A.1.3 Refresh cycle . 24
A.1.4 Return cycle . 24
A.2 Variants . 24
Bibliography . 26
Table 1 – CP 8/1 transmission support level . 9
Table 2 – CP 8/1 PhL selection . 10
Table 3 – CP 8/1 DLL services selection . 12
Table 4 – CP 8/1 DLL protocol selection . 13
Table 5 – CP 8/1 AL services selection . 15
Table 6 – CP 8/1 AL protocol selection . 16
Table 7 – CP 8/2 DLL protocol selection . 17
Table 8 – CP 8/3 PhL selection . 18
IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
Table 9 – CP 8/3 DLL services selection . 19
Table 10 – CP 8/3 DLL protocol selection . 20
Table 11 – CP 8/3 AL services selection . 21
Table 12 – CP 8/3 AL protocol selection . 22
– 4 – IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS –
PROFILES –
Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles –
Communication Profile Family 8
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the use of some of the associated protocol types is
restricted by their intellectual-property-right holders. In all cases, the commitment to limited
release of intellectual-property-rights made by the holders of those rights permits a layer
protocol type to be used with other layer protocols of the same type, or in other type
combinations explicitly authorized by their respective intellectual property right holders.
NOTE Combinations of protocol types are specified in the IEC 61784-1 series and the IEC 61784-2 series.
IEC 61784-1-8 has been prepared by subcommittee 65C: Industrial networks, of IEC technical
committee 65: Industrial-process measurement, control and automation. It is an International
Standard.
This first edition, together with the other parts of the same series, cancels and replaces the
fifth edition of IEC 61784-1 published in 2019. This first edition constitutes a technical
revision.
IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to
IEC 61784-1:2019:
a) split of the original IEC 61784-1 into several subparts, one subpart for the material of a
generic nature, and one subpart for each Communication Profile Family specified in the
original document.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
65C/1207/FDIS 65C/1236/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement,
available at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by
IEC are described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts of the IEC 61784-1 series, published under the general title Industrial
networks – Profiles – Part 1: Fieldbus profiles, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023
INTRODUCTION
The IEC 61784-1 series provides a set of Communication Profiles (CP) in the sense of
ISO/IEC TR 10000-1. These answer the need of identifying the protocol families co-existing
within the IEC 61158 series, as a result of the international harmonization of fieldbus
technologies available on the market. More specifically, these profiles help to correctly state
the compliance with the IEC 61158 series, and to avoid the spreading of divergent
implementations, which would limit its use, clearness and understanding. Additional profiles to
address specific market concerns, such as functional safety or information security, can be
addressed by future parts of the IEC 61784-1 series.
The IEC 61784-1 series contains several Communication Profile Families (CPF), which
specify one or more communication profiles. Such profiles identify, in a strict sense, protocol
subsets of the IEC 61158 series via protocol specific communication profiles. They do not
define device profiles that specify communication profiles together with application functions
needed to answer the need of a specific application ("application profiles").
It is agreed that these latter classes of profiles would facilitate the use of the IEC 61158
series of standards; the profiles defined in the IEC 61784-1 series are a necessary step to
achieve that task.
It is also important to clarify that interoperability – defined as the ability of two or more
network systems to exchange information and to make mutual use of the information that has
been exchanged (see ISO/IEC TR 10000-1) – can be directly achieved on the same link only
for those devices complying with the same communication profile.
Profiles contained in the IEC 61784-1 series are constructed of references to IEC 61158-2
and the IEC 61158-3, IEC 61158-4, IEC 61158-5 and IEC 61158-6 series, and other IS, TS or
worldwide-accepted standards, as appropriate . Each profile is required to reference at least
one part of the IEC 61158 series in addition to IEC 61158-1.
Two or more Profiles, which are related to a common family, are specified within a
"Communication Profile Family" (CPF).
___________
International Standardised Profiles may contain normative references to specifications other than International
Standards; see ISO/IEC JTC 1 N 4047: The Normative Referencing of Specifications other than International
Standards in JTC 1 International Standardized Profiles – Guidelines for ISP Submitters.
IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
INDUSTRIAL NETWORKS –
PROFILES –
Part 1-8: Fieldbus profiles –
Communication Profile Family 8
1 Scope
This part of IEC 61784-1 defines Communication Profile Family 8 (CPF 8). CPF 8 specifies a
set of protocol specific communication profiles (CPs) based on the IEC 61158 series (Type 18
and Type 23) and other standards, to be used in the design of devices involved in
communications in factory manufacturing and process control.
NOTE 1 All CPs are based on standards or draft standards or International Standards published by the IEC or on
standards or International Standards established by other standards bodies or open standards processes.
NOTE 2 Some CPs of CPF 8 are specified in IEC 61784-2-8.
Each CP selects an appropriate consistent and compatible subset of services and protocols
from the relevant set that is defined and modelled in the IEC 61158 series. For the selected
subset of services and protocols, the profile also describes any possible or necessary
constraints in parameter values.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
NOTE All parts of the IEC 61158 series, as well as the IEC 61784-1 series and the IEC 61784-2 series are
maintained simultaneously. Cross-references to these documents within the text therefore refer to the editions as
dated in this list of normative references.
IEC 61158 (all parts), Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications
IEC 61158-2:2023, Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications – Part 2:
Physical layer specification and service definition
IEC 61158-3-18:2007, Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –
Part 3-18: Data-link layer service definition – Type 18 elements
IEC 61158-4-18:2010, Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –
Part 4-18: Data-link layer protocol specification – Type 18 elements
IEC 61158-5-18:2010, Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –
Part 5-18: Application layer service definition – Type 18 elements
IEC 61158-6-18:2010, Industrial communication networks – Fieldbus specifications –
Part 6-18: Application layer protocol specification – Type 18 elements
IEC 61784-1-0:2023, Industrial networks – Profiles – Part 1-0: Fieldbus profiles – General
concepts and terminology
– 8 – IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023
ISO/IEC 8482, Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange
between systems – Twisted pair multipoint interconnections
TIA-485-A:1998, Electrical Characteristics of Generators and Receivers for Use in Balanced
Digital Multipoint Systems
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms, symbols, and conventions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, all terms and definitions provided in the IEC 61158 series
and IEC 61784-1-0 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.2 Abbreviations and symbols
3.2.1 Common abbreviations and symbols
For the purposes of this document, all abbreviations and symbols defined in the IEC 61158
series and IEC 61784-1-0 apply.
CP communication profile
CPF communication profile family
MAU medium attachment unit
3.2.2 Other abbreviations and symbols
RS 485 MAU according to TIA-485-A
3.3 Conventions
For the purposes of this document, the conventions defined in IEC 61784-1-0 apply.
4 CPF 8 (CC-Link )
4.1 General overview
4.1.1 General
Communication Profile Family 8 (CPF8) defines communication profiles based on
IEC 61158-2 type 18, IEC 61158-3-18, IEC 61158-4-18, IEC 61158-5-18 and IEC 61158-6-18,
which corresponds to parts of the communication systems commonly known as CC-Link.
CPF 8 consists of three profile sets:
a) Profile 8/1 – CC-Link/V1
___________
CC-Link Logo is the registered trademark of CC-Link Partners Association (CLPA). CLPA is a non-profit trade
organization to support the fieldbus CC-Link. This information is given for the convenience of users of this
document and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of the trademark holder or any of its products.
Compliance with this profile does not require use of the registered trademark. Use of the registered trademark
CC-Link Logo requires permission of the trade name holder.
IEC 61784-1-8:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
b) Profile 8/2 – CC-Link/V2
c) Profile 8/3 – CC-Link/LT
Common to all CPF 8 profiles, there are two fundamental device types defined: Master
devices and Slave devices.
Master devices determine the data communication on the bus; only a Master device is able to
initiate transmissions on the bus.
Slave devices are field devices such as I/O devices, valves, drives and measuring
transducers. Slave devices are assigned to a Master device as a provider for cyclic I/O data
exchange, and optionally, acyclic messaging. A Slave device is not able to initiate
transmissions on the bus, it only responds to requests from a Master device.
Each device is considered a station and is identified on the network by its station identifier.
The addressing space for devices on the network is mapped as sequential numbers called
slot identifiers. A device is configured to occupy one or more slots as specified by its station
identifier (the first slot occupied) and its number of occupied slots (sequentially numbered
slots in the network’s address space).
NOTE See Annex A for an overview of CC-LINK communications concepts.
4.1.2 Profile 8/1
CP 8/1 defines a transmission method named Polled which uses the:
polled response access protocol – the transmission of data managed by the process of a
Master individually interrogating each Slave in sequence called scanning. A Slave device
transmits a response immediately upon receipt of an explicitly coded poll request addressed
to the Slave station from the Master station.
There are three fundamental types of Slave station specified, each identified by their
transmission support level as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 – CP 8/1 transmission support level
Word-
Transmission Bit-oriented
Commonly named Slave device type oriented Acyclic
support level cyclic
cyclic
A Remote I/O station YES NO NO
B Remote device station YES YES NO
C Intelligent device station YES YES YES
The PhL specifies a balanced transmission signal over a shielded 3-core twisted cable.
Communication data rates as high as 10 mbps and transmission distances as long as 1 200 m
are specified. CP 8/1 implements an MAU compliant with ISO/IEC
...








Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...