EN ISO 4491-4:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2014
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 24491-4:2000
Kovinski prah - Ugotavljanje deleža kisika z redukcijskimi metodami - 4. del:
Skupni delež kisika z redukcijo-ekstrakcijo (ISO 4491-4:2013)
Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total
oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:2013)
Metallpulver - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch Reduktionsverfahren - Teil 4:
Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalt durch Reduktionsextraktion (ISO 4491-4:2013)
Poudres métalliques - Dosage de l'oxygène par les méthodes de réduction - Partie 4:
Oxygène total par réduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:2013)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 4491-4:2013
ICS:
77.160 Metalurgija prahov Powder metallurgy
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 4491-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2013
ICS 77.160 Supersedes EN 24491-4:1993
English Version
Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction
methods - Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO
4491-4:2013)
Poudres métalliques - Dosage de l'oxygène par les Metallpulver - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch
méthodes de réduction - Partie 4: Oxygène total par Reduktionsverfahren - Teil 4: Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalt
réduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:2013) durch Reduktionsextraktion (ISO 4491-4:2013)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 April 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 4491-4:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 4491-4:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119 "Powder
metallurgy".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 24491-4:1993.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 4491-4:2013 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 4491-4:2013 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 4491-4
Second edition
2013-05-01
Metallic powders — Determination
of oxygen content by reduction
methods —
Part 4:
Total oxygen by reduction-extraction
Poudres métalliques — Dosage de l’oxygène par les méthodes de
réduction —
Partie 4: Oxygène total par réduction-extraction
Reference number
ISO 4491-4:2013(E)
©
ISO 2013
ISO 4491-4:2013(E)
© ISO 2013
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 4491-4:2013(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Principle . 1
4 Apparatus and materials. 2
5 Test portion . 2
6 Procedure. 3
6.1 General . 3
6.2 Blank test and calibration . 3
6.3 Test . 4
7 Expression of results . 4
7.1 Permissible tolerances . 4
7.2 Final result . 4
8 Test report . 4
Annex A (informative) Examples of conditions of extraction for selected metal powders .5
ISO 4491-4:2013(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 4491-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy, Subcommittee SC 2,
Sampling and testing methods for powders (including powders for hardmetals).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 4491-4:1989), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
ISO 4491 consists of the following parts, under the general title Metallic powders — Determination of
oxygen content by reduction methods:
— Part 1: General guidelines
— Part 2: Loss of mass on hydrogen reduction (hydrogen loss)
— Part 3: Hydrogen-reducible oxygen
— Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction
iv © ISO 2013 – All rights reserved

ISO 4491-4:2013(E)
Introduction
The determination of the oxygen content of metallic powders is of the utmost importance in many fields
of powder metallurgy.
The standard methods described in ISO 4491-2 and ISO 4491-3 do not give the total oxygen content of
the sample, as some oxygen-containing constituents are not reduced by hydrogen.
Therefore, a standard method for the determination of the total oxygen content is needed. The most
frequently used method is reduction-extraction. It can be carried out with various commercially
available instruments working according to different principles of extraction and measurement.
It should be emphasized that the results of the analysis depend on the type of equipment used and on the
test parameters selected. However, as indicated in Clauses 3 to 6, it is always possible, for a given type of
metal powder, to optimize the test conditions to obtain reproducible and accurate results with any of the
commercially available instruments, provided they are designed for testing the metal powder considered.
It is not possible to standardize one or more particular instruments. However, certain basic points of
procedure are recommended for the analysis of metallic powders (see Clause 6).
NOTE The reduction-extraction method is also applicable to nitrogen determination and certain instruments
permit simultaneous measurement of oxygen and nitrogen contents. However, the determination of nitrogen is
not covered by this International Standard.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4491-4:2013(E)
Metallic powders — Determination of oxygen content by
reduction methods —
Part 4:
Total oxygen by reduction-extraction
1 Scope
This part of ISO 4491 specifies a method for the determination of the total oxygen content of metallic
powders by reduction-extraction at high temperature.
By agreement, this method is also applicable to the determination of the total oxygen content of sintered
metal materials.
The method is applicable to all powders of metals, alloys, carbides, and mixtures thereof which are non-
volatile under the test conditions. The sample may be in powder or compact form.
The analysis is carried out on the powder as supplied, but the method is not applicable if the powder
contains a lubricant or binder. If such substances are present, the method may be used only if they can
first be completely removed by a method not affecting the oxygen content of the powder.
This part of ISO 4491 is to be read in conjunction with ISO 4491-1.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4491-1, Metallic powders — Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods — Part 1:
General guidelines
3 Principle
A test portion of the sample is heated in a graphite crucible at high temperature, either under vacuum
or
...