EN 15103:2009
(Main)Solid biofuels - Determination of bulk density
Solid biofuels - Determination of bulk density
This European Standard describes a method of determining bulk density of solid biofuels by the use of a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all solid biofuels with a nominal top size of maximum 100 mm.
Bulk density is not an absolute value, therefore conditions for its determination have to be standardised in order to gain comparative measuring results.
NOTE 1 The nominal top size is defined as the aperture size of the sieve where at least 95 % by mass of the material passes (see CEN/TS 15149-1).
NOTE 2 Bulk density of solid biofuels is subject to variation due to several factors such as vibration, shock, pressure, biodegradation, drying and wetting. Measured bulk density can therefore deviate from actual conditions during transportation, storage or transhipment.
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Schüttdichte
Diese Europäische Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Schüttdichte von festen Biobrennstoffen
unter Verwendung eines Standard-Messbehälters fest. Dieses Verfahren gilt für sämtliche festen Biobrennstoffe
mit einer nominellen Siebgröße von höchstens 100 mm.
Die Schüttdichte ist kein absoluter Wert; daher sollten die Bedingungen für die Bestimmung genormt sein, um
vergleichbare Messergebnisse zu erreichen.
ANMERKUNG 1 Die nominelle Siebgröße ist definiert als die Lochgröße des Siebes, durch das mindestens ein
Massenanteil von 95 % des Materials hindurchgeht (siehe CEN/TS 15149-1).
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Schüttdichte von festen Biobrennstoffen unterliegt der Schwankung mehrerer Faktoren wie
Erschütterung, Stoß, Druck, biologischem Abbau, Trocknen und Nässe. Die gemessene Schüttdichte kann daher von den
tatsächlich vorherrschenden Bedingungen während des Transports, der Lagerung oder Umladung abweichen.
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique apparente
La présente Norme européenne décrit une méthode de détermination de la masse volumique apparente des biocombustibles solides à l’aide d’un récipient-mesure standard. Cette méthode s’applique à tout biocombustible solide d’une dimension supérieure nominale maximale de 100 mm.
La masse volumique apparente n’étant pas une valeur absolue, il est indispensable de normaliser les conditions de sa détermination afin d’obtenir des résultats de mesure comparatifs.
NOTE 1 La dimension supérieure nominale est définie comme étant l’ouverture de maille du tamis assurant un passant d’au moins 95 % du matériau en masse (voir CEN/TS 15149-1).
NOTE 2 La masse volumique apparente des biocombustibles solides est soumise à des variations aux causes diverses telles que vibrations, chocs, pression, biodégradation, dessiccation et humidification. La masse volumique apparente mesurée peut par conséquent s’écarter de celle observée en conditions réelles lors du transport, stockage ou transbordement.
Trdna biogoriva - Metode za določevanje prostorninske mase
Ta evropski standard opisuje metodo za določevanje prostorninske mase trdnih biogoriv z uporabo standardne merilne posode. Ta metoda se uporablja za vsa trdna biogoriva z nominalno najvišjo višino, ki ne presega 100 mm. Prostorninska masa ni absolutna vrednost, zato morajo biti pogoji za njeno določevanje standardizirani, da bi dobili primerljive rezultate merjenja.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der SchüttdichteBiocombustibles solides - Méthodes de détermination de la masse volumique apparenteSolid biofuels - Methods for the determination of bulk density75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuelsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15103:2009SIST EN 15103:2010en,fr,de01-marec-2010SIST EN 15103:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15103:20051DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15103
December 2009 ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15103:2005English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of bulk density
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la masse volumique apparente
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Schüttdichte This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 October 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15103:2009: ESIST EN 15103:2010
Relative increase of bulk density determinations for solid biofuels: Application with shock impact versus application without shock impact . 11Bibliography . 12 SIST EN 15103:2010
For practical reasons two standard measuring containers with a volume of 5 l or 50 l were chosen for the determination. Due to the limited volume of these containers, some fuels are therefore excluded from the scope of this document. This, for example, applies for chunk wood, uncomminuted bark or baled material and larger briquettes. The bulk density of such fuels can be calculated from their mass and the volume of the container or lorry used to transport them.
To decide on the actual storage room requirement of a solid biofuel the different storage conditions (e.g. height of heap or moisture content), which usually differ largely from the sample volume of the standard measuring container, should also be taken into account.
The here described method includes a defined shock exposure to the bulk material. The decision for this procedure was based on several reasons. It leads to a certain volume reduction which accounts for compaction effects occurring during the production chain. These compaction effects are mainly due to the fact that the fuel is usually transported and/or stored in containers or silos that are much larger than the measuring container as chosen for the here described method. Thus, in practice the higher mass load leads to an increased load pressure and to fuel settling, which can also be additionally enhanced by the vibrations during transportation. Furthermore, filling or unloading operations in practise usually apply a higher falling depth than the one chosen for the here performed test. This will also result in a respectively higher compaction due to the increased kinetic energy of the particles falling. A procedure which applies a controlled shock to the sample was thus believed to reflect the practically prevailing bulk density in a better way than a method without shock. This is particularly true when the mass of a delivered fuel has to be estimated from the volume load of a transporting vehicle, which is a common procedure in many countries. For a rough estimation on how susceptible the different solid biofuels are towards the shock exposure some research data are given in Annex A. The data show a compaction effect between 6 % and 18 % for biomass fuels.
2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. prEN 14588:2009, Solid biofuels
Terminology, definitions and descriptions EN 14774-1, Solid biofuels
Determination of moisture content
Oven dry method
Part 1: Total moisture
Reference method EN 14774-2, Solid biofuels
Determination of moisture content
Oven dry method
Part 2: Total moisture
Simplified method prEN 14778-1, Solid biofuels
Methods for sampling CEN/TS 14778-2, Solid biofuels
Sampling
Part 2: Method for sampling particulate material transported in lorries CEN/TS 14779, Solid biofuels
Sampling
Methods for preparing sampling plans and sampling certificates 3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 14588:2009 apply.
4 Symbols and abbreviations Abbreviations used in this document: BDar
bulk density as received in kg/m³ BDd bulk density of the sample on dry basis in kg/m³ Mar moisture content, as received, as percentage by mass (wet basis) m1 mass of the empty container in kg m2 mass of the filled container in kg V net volume of the mea
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