EN ISO 6603-2:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2023
Polimerni materiali - Ugotavljanje prebodne odpornosti togih polimernih
materialov - 2. del: Instrumentalni udarni preskus (ISO 6603-2:2023)
Plastics - Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics - Part 2:
Instrumented impact testing (ISO 6603-2:2023)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des Durchstoßverhaltens von festen Kunststoffen - Teil 2:
Instrumentierter Schlagversuch (ISO 6603-2:2023)
Plastiques - Détermination du comportement des plastiques rigides perforés sous l'effet
d'un choc - Partie 2: Essais de choc instrumentés (ISO 6603-2:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6603-2:2023
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 6603-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 6603-2:2000
English Version
Plastics - Determination of puncture impact behaviour of
rigid plastics - Part 2: Instrumented impact testing (ISO
6603-2:2023)
Plastiques - Détermination du comportement des Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des Durchstoßverhaltens
plastiques rigides perforés sous l'effet d'un choc - von festen Kunststoffen - Teil 2: Instrumentierter
Partie 2: Essais de choc instrumentés (ISO 6603- Schlagversuch (ISO 6603-2:2023)
2:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2023.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6603-2:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 6603-2:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61 "Plastics"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 6603-2:2000.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 6603-2:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 6603-2:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6603-2
Third edition
2023-06
Plastics — Determination of puncture
impact behaviour of rigid plastics —
Part 2:
Instrumented impact testing
Plastiques — Détermination du comportement des plastiques rigides
perforés sous l'effet d'un choc —
Partie 2: Essais de choc instrumentés
Reference number
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Principle . 7
5 Apparatus . 7
6 Test specimens .11
6.1 Shape and dimensions . 11
6.2 Preparation of test specimens . 11
6.3 Non-homogeneous test specimens .12
6.4 Checking the test specimens .12
6.5 Number of test specimens .12
6.6 Conditioning of test specimens .12
6.7 Pre-cooling .12
7 Procedure .13
7.1 Test atmosphere . 13
7.1.1 General .13
7.1.2 Ambient temperature testing . 13
7.1.3 Low temperature testing . 13
7.2 Measurement of thickness . 13
7.3 Clamping the test specimen . 13
7.4 Lubrication . 13
7.5 Puncture test procedure . . 14
8 Calculations .14
8.1 Expression of results . 14
8.2 Calculation of deflection . 14
8.3 Calculation of energy .15
8.4 Statistical parameters. 15
8.5 Significant figures. 16
9 Precision .16
10 Test report .16
Annex A (informative) Interpretation of complex force-deflection curves .18
Annex B (informative) Friction between striker and specimen .21
Annex C (informative) Clamping of specimens .24
Annex D (informative) Tough/brittle transitions .25
Annex E (informative) Influence of specimen thickness .26
Annex F (informative) Guidance for the classification of the type of failure .28
Annex G (informative) Precision data .33
Bibliography .35
iii
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee SC 2,
Mechanical behavior, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical
Committee CEN/TC 249, Plastics, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 6603-2:2000), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— references to ISO 6603-1 were replaced by the corresponding text;
— normative references and bibliography were updated and completed;
— requirements for force measurement accuracy were revised;
— definitions for conditioning and test climate were updated;
— testing in a clamped situation were defined as the preferred method;
— precision data was added to Annex G.
A list of all parts in the ISO 6603 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Plastics — Determination of puncture impact behaviour of
rigid plastics —
Part 2:
Instrumented impact testing
1 Scope
This document specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid
plastics, in the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is
applicable if a force-deflection or force-time diagram, recorded at nominal constant striker velocity, is
necessary for detailed characterization of the impact behaviour.
The test method is applicable to specimens with a thickness between 1 mm to 4 mm.
The method is suitable for use with the following types of material:
— rigid thermoplastic moulding and extrusion materials, including filled, unfilled and reinforced
compounds and sheets;
— rigid thermosetting moulding and extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced compounds,
sheets and laminates;
— fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastic composites incorporating unidirectional or multi-
directional reinforcements such as mats, woven fabrics, woven rovings, chopped strands, combination
and hybrid reinforcements, rovings, milled fibres and sheets made from pre-impregnated materials
(prepregs).
The method is also applicable to specimens which are either moulded or machined from finished
products, laminates and extruded or cast sheet.
The test results are comparable only if the conditions of preparation of the specimens, their dimensions
and surfaces as well as the test conditions are the same. In particular, results determined on specimens
of different thickness cannot be compared with one another (see Annex E). Comprehensive evaluation
of the reaction to impact stress can be obtained by determinations made as a function of impact velocity
and temperature for different material variables, such as crystallinity and moisture content.
The impact behaviour of finished products cannot be predicted directly from this test, but specimens
may be taken from finished products (see above) for tests by this method.
Test data developed by this method is not intended to be used for design calculations. However,
information on the typical behaviour of the material can be obtained by testing at different temperatures
and impact velocities (see Annex D) by varying the thickness (see Annex E) and by testing specimens
prepared under different conditions.
It is not the purpose of this document to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every
particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
ISO 291, Plastics — Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 293, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials
ISO 294-3, Plastics — Injection moulding of test specimens of thermoplastic materials — Part 3: Small
plates
ISO 295, Plastics — Compression moulding of test specimens of thermosetting materials
ISO 1268-1, Fibre-reinforced plastics — Methods of producing test plates — Part 1: General conditions
ISO 2602, Statistical interpretation of test results — Estimation of the mean — Confidence interval
ISO 2818, Plastics — Preparation of test specimens by machining
ISO 16012, Plastics — Determination of linear dimensions of test specimens
ISO 20753, Plastics — Test specimens
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
impact velocity
v
velocity of the striker relative to the support at the moment of impact
Note 1 to entry: Impact velocity is expressed in metres per second (m/s).
3.2
force
F
force exerted by the striker on the test specimen in the direction of impact
Note 1 to entry: Force is expressed in newtons (N).
3.3
deflection
l
relative displacement between the striker and the specimen support, starting from the first contact
between the striker and the test specimen
Note 1 to entry: Deflection is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.4
energy
E
energy expended in deforming and penetrating the test specimen up to a deflection l
Note 1 to entry: Energy is expressed in joules (J).
Note 2 to entry: Energy is measured as the integral of the force-deflection curve starting from the point of impact
up to a deflection l.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
3.5
maximum force
F
M
maximum force which occurs during the test
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 4.
Note 2 to entry: Maximum force is expressed in newtons (N).
3.6
deflection at maximum force
l
M
deflection that occurs at maximum force F
M
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 4.
Note 2 to entry: Deflection at maximum force is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.7
energy to maximum force
E
M
energy expended up to the deflection l at maximum force
M
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 4.
Note 2 to entry: Energy to maximum force is expressed in joules (J).
3.8
puncture deflection
l
P
deflection at which the force has dropped to half the maximum force F
M
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 4 and Note 3 to entry of 3.9.
Note 2 to entry: Puncture deflection is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.9
puncture energy
E
P
energy expended up to the puncture deflection l
P
Note 1 to entry: See Figures 1 to 4.
Note 2 to entry: Puncture energy is expressed in joules (J).
Note 3 to entry: When testing tough materials, a transducer mounted at some distance from the impacting tip
may record frictional force acting between the cylindrical part of the striker and the punctured material. The
corresponding frictional energy shall not be included in the puncture energy, which, therefore, is restricted to
that deflection, at which the force drops to half the maximum force F .
M
3.10
impact failure
mechanical behaviour of the material under test which may be either one of the following types:
a) YD yielding followed by deep drawing, see Figure 1
b) YS yielding followed by an at least partially stable cracking, see Figure 2
c) YU yielding followed by unstable cracking, see Figure 3
d) NY no yielding, see Figure 4
Note 1 to entry: The classification of the type of failure shall take into account the shape of the curve as well as
the assessment of the broken specimen.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Note 2 to entry: Yielding is characterised by a zero slope at maximum force in the force deflection diagram, or by
whitening of the material in the area of puncture, or by a significant reduction of the material thickness in the
area where the break appears.
Note 3 to entry: Comparison of Figures 2 and 3 shows puncture deflection l and puncture energy E are identical
P P
for the failure types YS and YU. As shown in Figure 4, identical values at maximum and at puncture are found for
the deflection as well as the energy in the case of failure type NY. For complex behaviour see Annex A.
Note 4 to entry: For more guidance on the classification of failure types, see the informative Annex F.
Key
X deflection
Y force
Figure 1 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure by yielding (zero slope at maximum
force) followed by deep drawing, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with
lubrication)
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Key
X deflection
Y force
Figure 2 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure by yielding (zero slope at maximum
force) followed by stable crack growth, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with
lubrication)
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Key
X deflection
Y force
NOTE Natural vibration of the force measurement system appears after unstable cracking (striker and load
cell).
Figure 3 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure by yielding (zero slope at maximum
force) followed by unstable crack growth, and typical appearance of specimens after testing
(with lubrication)
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Key
X deflection
Y force
Figure 4 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure without yielding followed by
unstable crack growth, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with lubrication)
4 Principle
The test specimen is punctured at its centre using a lubricated striker, perpendicularly to the test-
specimen surface and at a nominally uniform velocity. The resulting force-deflection or force-time
diagram is recorded electronically. The test specimen should be clamped in position (preferred) during
the test.
The force-deflection diagram obtained in these tests records the impact behaviour of the specimen
from which several features of the behaviour of the material can be inferred.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Testing instrument, consisting of the following essential components:
— energy carrier, which can be falling mass type or hydraulic type (see 5.1.1);
— striker, which shall be lubricated;
— specimen support with a recommended clamping device.
The test device shall permit the test specimen to be punctured at its centre, perpendicular to its surface
at a nominally constant velocity. The force exerted on the test specimen in the direction of impact
and the deflection from the centre of the test specimen in the direction of impact shall be derivable or
measurable (see Figure 5).
The term “falling mass type energy carrier” covers all types of instruments working by the principle of
an inertial mass, independent from the direction of movement.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
5.1.1 Energy carrier, with a preferred impact velocity v of (4,4 ± 0,2) m/s (see 3.1 and note to 3.1).
To avoid results, which cannot be compared due to the viscoelastic behaviour of the material under
impact, the decrease of velocity during the test shall not be greater than 20 %.
NOTE For brittle materials, an impact velocity of 1 m/s can be more appropriate because it reduces the level
of vibration and noise and improves the quality of the force-deflection diagram (see Annex A).
5.1.1.1 Hydraulic type, consisting of a high-speed testing machine with suitable attachments.
Any deviation of the velocity of the striker relative to the support during impact shall be controlled, for
example by recording deflection-time curves and checking the slope.
5.1.1.2 Inertial-mass type, which may be accelerated. Suitable devices are falling-dart machines.
In the case of a gravitationally accelerated mass and neglecting frictional losses; the impact velocity v
corresponds to a drop height H of the energy carrier of (1,0 ± 0,1) m.
For all inertial-mass-type energy carriers the impact velocity shall be measured by velocity-measuring
sensors placed close to the point of impact. The maximum decrease of velocity during test results in the
minimum mass, m , of the carrier according to Formulae (1) and (2) (see NOTE).
C
* 2
mE≥ 6 /v (1)
c 0
*
mE≥= 03,,14forv 4 ms/ (2)
c 0
where
m is the mass of the energy carrier, expressed in kilograms;
c
E* is the highest puncture energy to be measured, expressed in joules (see 3.9);
v is the impact velocity (4,4 m/s, see 3.1).
NOTE In many cases, a weighted energy carrier with a total mass m of 20 kg has been found to be sufficient
c
for the larger striker and of 5 kg for the smaller striker (see 5.1.2).
5.1.2 Striker, preferably having a polished hemispherical striking surface of diameter (20,0 ± 0,2) mm.
Alternatively, a (10,0 ± 0,1) mm diameter striking surface should be used.
NOTE 1 The size and dimensions of the striker and condition of the surface will affect the impact results.
The striker shall be made of any material with sufficient resistance to wear and of sufficiently high
strength to prevent plastic deformation. In practice, hardened steel or materials with lower density (i.e.
titanium) have been found acceptable.
The hemispherical surface of the striker shall be lubricated to reduce any friction between the striker
and the test specimen (see NOTE 2 and Annex B).
NOTE 2 Test results obtained with a lubricated or dry striker are likely to be different. Below ambient
temperatures, condensation can act as a lubricant.
The load cell shall be located within one striker diameter from the tip of the striker, i.e. mounted as
closely as possible to the tip to minimize all extraneous forces and sufficiently near to fulfil the
frequency-response requirement (see 5.2). An example is shown in Figure 5.
5.1.3 Support ring (see Figures 5 and 6), placed on a rigid base and designed such that air cannot
be trapped under the test specimen, thus avoiding a possible spring effect. Below the support ring,
there shall be sufficient space for the striker to travel after total penetration of the test specimen. The
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
recommended inside diameter of the support ring is (40 ± 2) mm, or alternatively (100 ± 5) mm, with a
minimum height of 12 mm.
5.1.4 Base for test device, firmly mounted to a rigid structure so that the mass of the base (see
Figure 5) is of sufficient stiffness to minimize deflection of the specimen support.
When calculating the deflection from the kinetics of the accelerated mass, a minimum mass ratio m /
B
m of 10 between base (m ) and energy carrier (m ) shall be used. This prevents the base from being
C B C
accelerated by more than 1 % of the impact speed up to the end of the test. For directly measured
deflections, this minimum ratio is a recommendation only. For the principles of this specification, see
[5]
ISO 179-2:2020, Annex B .
Key
1 test specimen 5 test specimen support
2 hemispherical striker tip 6 clamping ring (optional)
3 load cell (recommended position) 7 base
4 shaft 8 acoustical isolation (optional)
Figure 5 — Example of test device
Dimensions in
mm
Side length or
60 140
diameter
Designation to D12 and
-
ISO 20753 D22
D 40 ± 2 100 ± 5
D 60 140
D ≥ 90 ≥ 200
H 12 12
R 1 1
Specimen
Clamp di-
mensions
type
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Key
1 clamping ring (optional)
2 test specimen support
Figure 6 — Clamping device (schematic)
5.1.5 Clamping device (optional), consisting of two parts, a supporting ring and a clamping ring
(see Figure 6), for annular test specimens. The recommended inside diameter of the clamping device is
(40 ± 2) mm, alternatively (100 ± 5) mm. The clamp may work by shape or by application of force to the
specimen. A clamping force of 3 kN is recommended for the latter (see NOTE).
NOTE Pneumatically and screw-operated clamps have been successfully employed. The results obtained for
clamped and unclamped specimens are likely different (see Annex C).
5.2 Instruments for measuring force and deflection
5.2.1 Force measurement system, for measuring the force exerted on the test specimen. The striker
may be equipped with strain gauges or a piezoelectric load transducer, which shall be placed close to
the striker tip. Any other suitable method of force measurement is also acceptable. The measurement
system shall be able to record forces with an accuracy equal to or within ±2 % of the maximum impact
force, F , which has occurred during the test.
M
The force measurement system shall be calibrated as set-up ready for measurement. Calibration should
be performed statically (for example, by imposing known loads on the striker as described by reference
[6]) or dynamically (see for example reference [4]). The range for which the force measurement system
works within an accuracy of ±2 % of the reading shall be indicated.
As the duration of the test is very short, only electronic load cells with a high natural frequency shall
be used (see NOTE 1). The natural frequency f of the test device (striker and load cell) shall conform to
n
the following condition:
f ≥ 6 kHz (3)
n
For interpretation of complex force-deflection curves, even higher values of the natural frequency
f can be necessary (see Annex A). For detecting the first damage depicted in Figure A.2, the natural
n
frequency shall comply with the following condition (see NOTE 2):
ft≥ 5/Δ (4)
nE
where
f is the natural frequency, expressed in kilohertz;
n
Δt is the event time of the relevant detail of the force-deflection curve, expressed in milliseconds
E
(see Figure A.2).
The natural frequency can be checked by studying the oscillations following brittle or splintering
failure (see Figure 3).
For the bandwidth of the amplifier train (direct current or carrier frequency amplifier) the lower
bandwidth limit is 0 Hz, and the upper bandwidth limit shall be at least 100 kHz, combined with a
sampling frequency of at least 100 kHz (see NOTES 3 and 4).
NOTE 1 An example of such a measurement train is a piezoelectric load cell, mounted between the striker and
the shaft (see Figure 5) and connected to a charge amplifier.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
-3
NOTE 2 If, for example, the increase in deflection Δt • v during the event (see Figure A.1) is only 1 mm (10
E 0
-1 -3 -1 -4
m), at an impact velocity v of 4,4 m s , then the corresponding event time is Δt = [(10 m)/(4,4 m s )] = 2 x 10
0 E
-4
s, resulting in the minimum natural frequency of f ≥ [5/(2 x 10 s)] = 25 kHz.
n
NOTE 3 When testing very brittle products, elastic impact can cause resonant oscillations, thus making it
difficult to interpret the force-deflection curve (see Annex A). In this case, it can be useful to carry out low-pass
filtering on the recorded force-time diagram or parts of it, although the accuracy of the measurements is thereby
reduced.
If post-test filtering is used, the type of filter and its essential characteristics are reported in the test
report (see 10 l)).
NOTE 4 Vibration of the test specimen (see Figure A.3) and of the test device as well as uniform noise on
the trace generates uncertainties of the measured maximum force (see 3.5) but has virtually no effect on the
puncture energy (see 3.9).
5.2.2 Deflection measurement system, consisting of an electronic transducer for the determination
of the deflection of the test specimen to yield a force-deflection diagram. This deflection measurement
system shall be able to measure the relevant deflections to an accuracy equal to or within ±2 %.
If the measurement chains for force and deflection measurement show a difference of their transit times,
the time traces shall be synchronized by a time shift corresponding to this transit-time difference.
NOTE Such transit time differences generate a time offset in the force-deflection curve, which increases
proportionally to the impact velocity.
With inertial-mass type machines, it is possible to measure a force-time diagram only and to calculate
the deflection from double integration of the force signal in accordance with 8.2.
5.3 Thickness gauge, as specified ISO 16012.
6 Test specimens
6.1 Shape and dimensions
The preferred test specimen is 60 mm ± 2 mm square or 60 mm ± 2 mm in diameter, with a thickness of
2,0 mm ± 0,1 mm, and is used with the 40 mm diameter support ring. This corresponds to the specimen
types D12 and D22 described by ISO 20753.
For thicknesses less than 1 mm, preferably use ISO 7765-2. Thicknesses greater than 4 mm fall outside
the scope this document.
For testing brittle fibre-reinforced plastic composites and low failure strain plastics, a test
specimen 140 mm ± 2 mm square or 140 mm ± 2 mm in diameter with a recommended thickness of
4,0 mm ± 0,2 mm should be used with the 100 mm diameter support ring.
6.2 Preparation of test specimens
The test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with the relevant material specification. Where
none exist, or when not otherwise specified, test specimens shall be prepared in accordance with
ISO 293, ISO 294-3, ISO 295 or ISO 1268-1 as appropriate or machined from plates in accordance with
ISO 2818 (see NOTE). The test specimens may also be prepared with a cutting or punching device, since
there are no special requirements for the cut edges.
NOTE The preparation of test specimens 140 mm square or 140 mm in diameter by injection moulding is not
yet covered by any International Standard.
Because the larger specimen is used primarily for fibre-reinforced plastic composites, it is recommended
that they be made by machining from sheet material.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
Test specimens taken from larger sheets or sections of sheet shall be taken from locations that are as
uniformly distributed over the surface as possible. Non-homogeneous edge zones shall not be used. The
thickness of these test specimens shall be the thickness of the sheet up to a thickness of 4 mm. If the
sheet is more than 4 mm thick, the specimens shall be machined to 4 mm.
6.3 Non-homogeneous test specimens
In general, the test is conducted on either side of the specimen, selected at random. However, if there
is a reason to believe that the results are dependent on which side of the specimen faces the striker,
each side shall be tested separately. This especially holds for test specimens with textured surfaces,
specimens lacquered on one side and specimens which are UV-aged. When assessing the influence of a
one-sided treatment, the test specimen shall be impacted on the opposite side.
6.4 Checking the test specimens
The specimens shall be free of twist and warpage. Both surfaces shall be smooth and free of scratches,
pits and sink marks to avoid notching effects.
The specimens shall be checked for conformity with these requirements by visual observation or by
measuring with a thickness gauge.
Specimens showing any observable departure from one or more of these requirements shall be rejected.
6.5 Number of test specimens
If the test is conducted under constant conditions, at least five or, in cases of arbitration, 10 test
specimens are required. If the measurements are to be made as a function of temperature, relative
humidity or some other parameter, the number of test specimens may be reduced depending on the
statistical scattering of the test results.
If a large number of test specimens are required, for example to determine the temperature dependence
of the measured quantities, the test specimens shall be selected in accordance with statistical principles.
6.6 Conditioning of test specimens
The test specimens shall be conditioned as required by the relevant material specification or as
agreed upon by the interested parties. Otherwise, the most appropriate conditions from ISO 291 shall
be selected. For materials with impact properties that are non-sensitive to moisture, a control of the
humidity is not necessary.
6.7 Pre-cooling
For testing at low temperatures, the test specimens are pre-cooled to the test temperature after
conditioning and prior to the test. When the test equipment is at ambient temperature, the pre-cooling
temperature may be set below the test temperature to compensate for a possible temperature increase
during the transit of the test specimens to the test equipment.
NOTE A pre-cooling temperature set 2 K lower than the test temperature is often sufficient.
The duration of the pre-cooling procedure shall be such that it is sufficient for the test specimen to
reach a temperature within 2 K of the set pre-cooling temperature.
NOTE A duration of 1 h is often regarded as sufficient. ISO 23529:2016, Annex A presents suitable pre-
cooling times for elastomers.
ISO 6603-2:2023(E)
7 Procedure
7.1 Test atmosphere
7.1.1 General
Conduct the test in one of the standard atmospheres specified in ISO 291. Use class 2 unless otherwise
agreed.
7.1.2 Ambient temperature testing
If a standard atmosphere from ISO 291 was used for conditioning, conduct the test in the same
atmosphere. If not, ensure that the transit time t (see NOTE) is short enough to prevent changes in the
T
mechanical behaviour (state of material) of the test specimen caused by changes in the temperature
and, if relevant for the material, the moisture content of the specimen. For dry polyamides, for instance,
a transit time of up to 30 min has been found not to markedly affect the impact behaviour when testing
in an atmosphere of 23 °C and 50 % R.H.
NOTE The transit time t is the total time from the removal of the specimen from the pre-cooling
T
environment until the specimen is impacted.
7.1.3 Low temperature testing
When test specimens are pre-cooled to the test temperature and the test equipment is at room
temperature, a transit time t (see note to 7.1.2) short enough to prevent significant changes in the
T
temperature of the test specimen prior to impact is required (i.e. less than 5 s).
NOTE Differences in humidity between the test specimens conditioning atmosphere and the test atmosphere
can be critical.
7.2 Measurement of thickness
For each test specimen, measure the thickness in accordance with ISO 16012 to the nearest 0,02 mm
at three points which are equidistant to one another on a circle with a radius of 10 mm centred to the
centre of the specimen. Record the lowest value of the measured thickness (see NOTE). If the thickness
of any specimen differs by more than 5 % from the thickness of the specimens from that sample, discard
that specimen and replace it with another specimen.
NOTE When using injection-moulded specimens, it is not necessary to measure the dimensions of each
specimen. It is sufficient to measure one specimen from each set.
When using multiple-cavity moulds, measure the thickness of the specimens from each cavity. If the
difference in specimen thickness between mould cavities is greater than 5 %, the specimens from each
cavity shall be treated as different batches.
7.3 Clamping the test specimen
The default condition for this test is that the specimen is clamped.
If the specimen is clamped, however, take care to ensure that the clampin
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