EN 1808:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2015
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SIST EN 1808:2000+A1:2010
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Safety requirements for suspended access equipment - Design calculations, stability
criteria, construction - Examinations and tests
Sicherheitsanforderungen an hängende Personenaufnahmemittel - Berechnung,
Standsicherheit und Bau - Prüfungen
Exigences de sécurité des plates-formes suspendues à niveau variable - Calculs,
stabilité, construction - Essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1808:2015
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1808
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 53.020.99 Supersedes EN 1808:1999+A1:2010
English Version
Safety requirements for suspended access equipment - Design
calculations, stability criteria, construction - Examinations and
tests
Exigences de sécurité des plates-formes suspendues à Sicherheitsanforderungen an hängende
niveau variable - Calculs, stabilité, construction - Examen et Personenaufnahmemittel - Berechnung, Standsicherheit,
essais Bau - Prüfungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 February 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1808:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations .6
4 Hazards and preventative actions. 23
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 27
6 Structural, stability and mechanical calculations for SAE . 27
7 Suspended platforms . 47
8 Hoisting systems . 57
9 Suspension rigs . 66
10 Electrical, hydraulic and pneumatic systems . 72
11 Control systems . 73
12 Verification and certification . 77
13 Marking of SAE . 79
14 Accompanying documents . 81
Annex A (normative) Platform type-tests . 85
Annex B (normative) Hoist and secondary device type-tests . 90
Annex C (normative) Suspension rig type-tests . 96
Annex D (informative) Guidance on the presentation and interpretation of loads imposed by SAE
structures . 98
Annex E (informative) Maximum permitted horizontal displacement of platform . 101
Annex F (normative) Guidance on the requirements for wireless control systems . 105
Annex G (normative) Design requirements for rail tracks, monorail tracks and support systems . 107
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 130
Bibliography . 131

Foreword
This document (EN 1808:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 98 “Lifting platforms”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1808:1999+A1:2010.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
This document also includes information that building designers, structural engineers and contractors need to
consider before specific suspended access equipment (SAE) manufacturers/suppliers are appointed.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards are covered are indicated in the scope of this
standard.
It is assumed that:
a) discussions take place between the manufacturer/supplier and purchaser/hirer about specific local
installation conditions and expected duty;
b) a risk analysis for each component that might be incorporated into a complete SAE installation has been
made and rules have been drawn up;
c) the safety requirements of this standard have been drawn up on the basis that the components are:
1) designed in accordance with good engineering practice and calculation codes, including all failure
modes;
2) of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
3) made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
4) free of visible defects;
d) harmful materials such as asbestos are not used;
e) the equipment is maintained in good working order;
f) any mechanical device manufactured in accordance with good practice and the requirements of this
standard shall not be allowed to deteriorate to the point of creating a hazard without being detected;
g) the working ambient temperature range is between –10 °C and +55 °C;
h) the structure on which the SAE is installed is of adequate strength to resist the expected imposed loads.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built in accordance with the provisions of this type C standard.
1 Scope
1.1 Application
This European Standard specifies the requirements, test methods, marking and information to be provided by
the manufacturer/supplier for suspended access equipment (SAE).
It is applicable to both permanent and temporary equipment which can be powered or hand operated and
which are defined in Clause 3.
The requirements of this standard include the rails, tracks and other support systems on which SAE depend
for their integrity and safety as well as taking into account all associated loads and fixings to the building
structure.
This document is not applicable to SAE which is manufactured before the date of its publication as an EN.
1.2 Hazards
This European Standard deals with significant hazards pertinent to SAE when they are used as intended and
under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies
appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
1.3 Exclusions
The following are not covered in this document:
a) operation in severe and special conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions, corrosive
environments, strong magnetic fields);
b) operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres, work on live overhead electrical
lines);
c) transportation of passengers from one level to another;
d) handling of loads which could lead to a dangerous situation (e.g. molten metal, acids/bases, radioactive
materials);
e) working platforms suspended by cranes;
f) silo access equipment;
g) SAE using chains for the direct suspension of a platform;
h) SAE using fibre ropes for the suspension of a platform;
i) SAE intended to be used underground;
j) SAE intended to be used in shafts;
k) SAE directly powered by combustion engines.

2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 795, Personal fall protection equipment — Anchor devices
EN 1993 (all parts), Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
EN 1999 (all parts), Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
EN 60204-1, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1)
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-code) (IEC 60529)
EN ISO 4413, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413)
EN ISO 4414, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850)
3 Terms and definitions, symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following
apply. They are classified in terms of key words.
3.1
building maintenance unit
BMU
SAE that are permanently installed on and dedicated to a specific building or structure and intended to be
used for planned routine inspection, cleaning and maintenance of the particular building and where the
general public might have access below the suspended platform when in operation
Note 1 to entry: BMUs may consist of a platform suspended from a suspension rig that is generally a trolley unit with
hoist(s) operating either on a rail track or on a suitable running surface (e.g. concrete track).
Note 2 to entry: Monorails with traversing trolleys or other suspension rigs (e.g. davits) fixed to a building and from
which a platform may be suspended should be considered as parts of a BMU and should only be used in conjunction with
suspended platforms conforming to the requirements of this standard.
3.2
temporary suspended access equipment
TSAE
SAE systems that are temporarily installed on a building or structure in order to carry out specific construction
tasks on a work site
EXAMPLE Work sites include cladding installation, painting, maintenance, repair and refurbishment of buildings, bridges,
chimneys and other structures.
Note 1 to entry: TSAE may consist of a platform (TSP) and a suspension rig that are assembled at site prior to
carrying out the task. TSAE are then dismantled and removed from site on completion of the work for which they were
installed and may be reused elsewhere.
Note 2 to entry: Where a TSP is attached to a permanently installed suspension rig (e.g. roof trolley or monorail
system) such installations are considered to be hybrid systems and the appropriate clauses of this document apply
(see 12.6).
3.3
personnel
3.3.1
competent person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience and provided with the
necessary instructions to carry out specified tasks safely
3.3.2
operator
designated person, suitably trained for working at height, qualified by knowledge and practical experience and
provided with the necessary information to carry out operations safely from SAE
3.4
hoists and accessories
3.4.1
drum hoist
hoist with a drum on which the suspension ropes are reeled in one or more layers
3.4.2
traction hoist
assembly through which a wire rope is conveyed as a result of friction between the wire rope and the traction
assembly with no tail load
3.4.3
twin capstan drum hoist
hoist system which lifts and lowers suspension rope(s) by passing the rope(s) around two gear driven grooved
multi-wrap capstan drums and then to a wire rope winder designed to apply a tail load to the capstan drive
system
3.4.4
jaw operated traction hoist
hoist where the traction assembly consists of two pairs of jaws
3.4.5
prime mover
source of power for the hoist
EXAMPLE This includes electric, hydraulic, pneumatic motors and hydraulic jacks.
3.4.6
rated speed
average speed measured during the upward and downward hoisting travel of a platform carrying its rated load
for a travel length of 10 m or more and with the rated power supply applied
3.4.7
service brake
mechanical brake automatically applied by stored energy until released by an external sustained force, usually
applied electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically, either under the control of the operator or automatically
EXAMPLE An example of stored energy is spring force.
3.4.8
secondary device
device intended to stop the descent of a platform under emergency conditions
EXAMPLE For example, breaking of a suspension wire rope or failure of a hoist.
3.4.8.1
fall arrest device
device acting directly on a secondary wire rope and which automatically stops and holds a platform in a fixed
position
3.4.8.2
secondary brake
brake acting directly on a drum, traction sheave or final drive shaft and intended to stop the descent of a
platform
3.4.9
anti-tilt device
device that detects when the longitudinal slope of a platform exceeds a pre-set angle
3.4.10
no-power descent
manually operated system that allows controlled descent of a power operated platform
3.4.11
manual lever/wheel/handle
device on the hoist that allows a platform to be lifted or lowered manually
3.4.12
wire (rope) winder
storage drum on to which a wire rope is reeled
3.4.13
cable reeler
storage drum on to which an electric cable is reeled
3.4.14
hoist operation cycle (for test purposes only)
one cycle that consists of lifting and lowering over a minimum vertical distance, this distance being where
either
 the wire rope passes through all wire rope related parts of a traction hoist, its pulleys and reeler system,
or
 the wire rope passes four turns around a drum hoist and its closely related pulleys
3.4.15
platform-mounted hoist
hoist that is mounted on a platform to raise and lower the suspended platform
3.4.16
roof-mounted hoist
hoist that is mounted on a suspension rig or trolley to raise and lower a suspended platform
3.4.17
materials (auxiliary) hoist
hoist that is mounted on a suspension rig or trolley to raise and lower other materials independently of a
platform
3.4.18
overload detection device
device that trips and acts automatically to stop the upward motion of a platform if the load in the suspension
wire ropes exceeds the tripping limit
3.4.19
tripping limit
static load that causes the overload detection device to operate
3.5
suspended platforms
3.5.1
suspended platform
that portion of SAE assembly designed to carry persons and their equipment
3.5.1.1
single point suspended platform
platform incorporating only one connection point
3.5.1.2
double point suspended platform
platform incorporating two connection points
3.5.1.3
multi-point suspended platform
platform incorporating three or more connection points and which is not hinged
3.5.1.4
hinged continuous platform
long platform incorporating more than two connection points and having articulated sections to ensure the
correct tension is maintained in each suspension wire rope
3.5.1.5
multi-deck suspended platform
platform made up of two or more decks connected vertically
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 17.
3.5.1.6
cantilevered platform
platform where the deck extends beyond a connection point
3.5.1.7
suspended chair
chair that incorporates one connection point for one person only to use
3.5.2
restraint system
system connecting a suspended platform to mullions or fixed points on a building and which limits, whilst in
use, the lateral movement of the suspended platform due to the wind
3.5.3
suspension wire rope restraint system
vertical series of attachment points on a building to which lanyards are connected to guide the suspension
ropes of a suspended platform on descent and disconnected on ascent
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 18.
3.5.4
connection point
point provided on the platform or chair for the attachment of the hoist rope(s) or fall arrest device(s)
3.5.5
natural ground level
level from which the requirement for a platform restraint system is determined
3.6
loads
3.6.1
total suspended load
TSL
static load imposed on the suspension point(s) of a suspension rig comprising the rated load of the platform,
the self-weight of the platform, the ancillary equipment, the wire ropes and the electric cable, if any
3.6.2
rated load
RL
rated load of persons and equipment that a suspended platform has been designated to carry by the
manufacturer
3.6.3
working load limit
WLL
maximum load that a piece of equipment is authorized to sustain as designated by the manufacturer
3.6.4
hoist working load limit
HWLL
working load limit of a material hoist
3.6.5
working coefficient
arithmetic ratio between the maximum load designated by the manufacturer that a piece of equipment or SAE
is able to hold and the WLL marked on the piece of equipment or SAE
3.6.6
test coefficient
arithmetic ratio between the loads used to carry out static or dynamic tests on a piece of equipment or SAE
and the WLL marked on the piece of equipment or SAE
3.6.7
static test
test during which a piece of equipment or SAE is first inspected and then subjected to a force corresponding
to the WLL multiplied by the appropriate static test coefficient and then re-inspected once the test load has
been released to ensure that no damage has occurred
3.6.8
dynamic test
test during which the SAE is operated in all its possible configurations at its WLL, with account being taken of
the dynamic behaviour of the SAE, in order to check that the SAE and its safety features are functioning
correctly
3.6.9
hoisting cycle
sequence commencing when a platform is hoisted from the ground (or from the roof) and ending when the
platform is returned to the starting position
3.7
steel wire ropes
3.7.1
calculated coefficient
ratio between the designated minimum breaking load of a steel wire rope and the maximum static load applied
to that rope
3.7.2
minimum breaking load (of steel wire rope)
minimum breaking load of a steel wire rope as designated by the manufacturer
3.7.3
suspension rope
active steel wire rope carrying the suspended load
3.7.4
secondary rope
steel wire rope not normally carrying the suspended load but rigged to work in conjunction with a fall-arrest
device
3.7.5
single active rope suspension system
two steel wire ropes attached to a suspension point, one rope being the suspension rope and the other being
the secondary rope
3.7.6
double active rope suspension system
two steel wire ropes attached to one suspension point and sharing the suspended load
3.8
suspension rigs and track systems

3.8.1
suspension rig
portion of the SAE from which a platform is suspended
Note 1 to entry: This excludes the track system.
3.8.2
trolley
suspension rig mounted on wheels and designed to run on a track, runway or monorail to support a
suspended platform
3.8.3
suspension point
designated position provided on a suspension rig assembly for the independent anchorage of the ropes,
diverter pulleys or hoists
3.8.4
pivot point
device provided to equalize the loading imposed by the two suspension ropes of a double active rope
suspension system
3.8.5
fulcrum
point or line about which the balancing moments of a suspension rig are calculated
3.8.6
stability coefficient
coefficient by which the overturning moment is multiplied
3.8.7
inboard portion
portion of a suspension rig that is on the building side of the fulcrum
3.8.8
outboard portion
portion of a suspension rig which projects from the fulcrum over the edge of a building
3.8.9
counterweights
weights that are attached to a suspension rig to counterbalance the overturning moments
3.8.10
counterweighted suspension beam
static beam where the stability is assured by counterweights
3.8.11
mechanically anchored suspension rig
suspension rig where stability is assured by mechanical anchors fixed to the building structure
3.8.12
stationary suspension rig
structure that is assembled and positioned before a platform is suspended from it
3.8.13
parapet clamp
structure attached to a roof parapet or similar static structure and dependent on the parapet for location and
anchorage
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 13.
3.8.14
davit
structure fixed to a roof or similar static structure
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 12.
3.8.15
rail track
rails generally installed at roof level to support and guide a mobile suspension rig (trolley unit)
3.8.16
rail track support
braced or unbraced stanchion or cantilever supporting a rail track
3.8.17
sleeper
beam lying flat on a roof to support a rail track
Note 1 to entry: A sleeper is typically made of concrete or steel.
3.8.18
guide rail
rail generally installed at roof level to guide a mobile suspension rig (trolley unit)
3.8.19
monorail track
track generally fixed along the perimeter of a building to support and guide a mobile suspension rig (trolley
unit)
3.8.20
lifting
operation that moves a suspended platform to a higher level
3.8.21
lowering
operation that moves a suspended platform to a lower level
3.8.22
platform rotation
circular horizontal movement of a suspended platform about a vertical axis passing through the platform itself
3.8.23
suspension rig slewing
circular horizontal movement of a suspension rig about a vertical axis
3.8.24
traversing
longitudinal horizontal movement of a suspension rig
3.8.25
luffing
rotational upward/downward movement of jib(s) about a horizontal axis to allow positioning of a suspended
platform
3.8.26
jib telescoping
movement to extend or retract a jib to allow positioning of a suspended platform
3.8.27
jib slewing
circular movement of jib(s) about a vertical axis to allow positioning of a suspended platform
3.8.28
LW
vertical distance from the track to the centre of the area of the suspension rig affected by wind
Key
1 roof trolley (BMU)
2 horizontal monorail
3 inclined monorail
4 monorail trolley
5 single point suspended platform
6 double point suspended platform
7 fixed davit
8 counterweighted suspension beam
9 suspended platform
10 parapet clamp
11 suspended chair
Figure 1 — Example of different types of SAE
Key
1 luffing jib
2 pulley
3 suspended platform
4 obstacle device
5 track system
a) Typical BMU suspension rig on twin track (fixed or free laid)
Key
1 luffing jib
2 pulley
3 suspended platform
4 obstacle device
5 roof or runway
b) Typical BMU suspension rig on concrete runway

Figure 2 — Examples of BMU suspension rigs (trolley units)
Key
1 secondary wire rope 7 rear guard rail
2 suspension wire rope 8 intermediate guard rail
3 fall arrest device 9 toe board
4 traction hoist 10 decking
5 front guard rail 11 vertical member
6 stirrup 12 wall roller
a) — Example of typical TSP platform
Key
1 secondary wire rope 9 intermediate guard rail
2 suspension wire rope 10 toe guard
3 fall arrest device 11 decking
4 traction hoist 12 vertical member
5 wire rope winder 13 soft rollers
6 front guard rail 14 obstacle device
7 stirrup 15 cladding or mesh
8 rear guard rail 16 control panel
b) Example of typical BMU platform with platform mounted hoists

Figure 3 — Examples of suspended platforms
NOTE Some of the cladding or mesh (Key 15) has been omitted from the figure to show the interior of the platform
more clearly. For requirements for cladding or mesh, see 7.3.2.
Key
1 wire ropes
2 minimum distance between seat and top sheave 4 minimum width of back support
3 position of back support and restraint belt 5 minimum distance between seat and sheaving

a) Typical SAE single-point suspended chair
Key
1 striker plate (top limit plate) 7 obstacle device
2 suspension/secondary ropes 8 wire rope reelers
3 traction hoist 9 castor wheel
4 fall arrest device 10 wall roller
5 top limit switch 11 control box
6 ultimate top limit switch 12 cladding

b) Typical SAE single-point suspended platform

Figure 4 — Example of typical single-point suspended chair and suspended platform
3.9 Symbols and abbreviations
A Area exposed to wind (m )
a Deflection of the platform under load (mm)
B Width of the platform (m)
b Residual deflection of the platform (mm)
BMU Building maintenance unit (–)
C Shape factor (–)
Cwr Working coefficient for suspension rig (–)
D Pitch diameter of pulley or drum hoist (mm)
F Force (N)
Fh Horizontal force (N)
Fo Minimum designated breaking load of wire rope (N)
Fv Vertical force (N)
Fs Shearing force (N)
Fw1 Wind force in service (N)
Fw2 Wind force out of service (N)
FwMH In-service wind force on material (m )
H Pitch ratio (–)
HSW Mass of all suspended materials hoist items (kg)
HWLL Hoist working load limit (kg)
L Length of platform (m)
Lb Distance between the fulcrum and the point where the self-weight of (m)
the suspension rig acts
Lc Length of cantilevered section of platform (m)
Lf Free span of guard rail between two vertical members (m)
Li Length of inboard portion of suspension rig (m)
Lo Length of outboard portion of suspension rig (m)
Lpi/Lpo Horizontal projection between the fulcrum line and the point where (m)
SWP/W acts
Ls Distance between the bolts or supports which withstand the (m)
overturning moment
Lmi/Lmo/Lsl/Lw/Lshml Horizontal projection between the fulcrum and the point where SL, (m)
Mi, Mo, Fw and TSHML act
Mc Mass of electric cable (kg)
Me The weight of personal equipment (kg)
Mi Mass of inboard portion of suspension rig (kg)
Mm Mass of material on work platform (kg)
Mo Mass of outboard portion of suspension rig (kg)
Mp Assumed mass of a person (kg)
Mw Mass of the counterweights (kg)
Mwr Mass of wire ropes when the platform is completely lowered (kg)
N Number of persons on the platform (–)
Nr Number of steel wire ropes or falls supporting the platform (–)
Q Wind pressure (N/m )
Ra Standard of smoothness (μm)
RF Minimum load capacity of platform deck (kg/m )
Rh Horizontal support reaction on suspension rig (N)
RL Platform rated load (kg)
RLMH Rated load material hoist (kg)
Rv Vertical support reaction on suspension rig (N)
S Maximum static force in a wire rope (N)
Sa Surface area of deck (m )
SAE Suspended access equipment (–)
Sd Shock load coefficient (–)
SWR Mass of a suspension rig (self-weight of rig) (kg)
SWP Mass of a platform (self-weight of platform) (kg)
T Length over which the load is distributed (m)
Tm Maximum traction force in the wire rope (N)
TSHL Total suspended hoist load (kg)
TSL Total suspended load (kg)
TSP Temporary suspended platform (–)
V Wind speed (m/s)
W Safe working load on the cantilevered deck (kg)
WLL Working load limit (kg)
Wtd Dynamic test load (kg)
Wts Static test load (kg)
Zp Calculated coefficient of steel wire rope (–)
σE Elastic yield limit (N/mm )
σR Ultimate limit (N/mm )
σa Allowable stress (N/mm )
νE Safety coefficient compared to elastic yield limit (–)
νR Safety coefficient compared to breaking limit (–)

4 Hazards and preventative actions
This clause lists hazards and hazardous situations identified by risk assessments as being significant for SAE
and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
A hazard that is not relevant (NR), not significant (NS) or not dealt with in this standard (ND) is shown in the
corresponding requirements column of Table 1.
Table 1 — List of hazards
Relevant clauses
Line No. Hazards
in this standard
1 Mechanical hazards:
1.1 Generated by machine parts or work pieces caused by:
1.1.1 Shape 9.4.1
see Item 27.1.1 of
1.1.2 Mass and stability (potential energy of elements which might move under the
effect of gravity) this table
1.1.3 Inadequacy of mechanical strength see Item 27.4 of this
table
1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the machinery caused by:
1.2.1 Elastic elements (e.g. spring loaded wire rope winder) 14.2.6
1.2.2 Liquids and gases under pressure 10.6
1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical hazards:
1.3.1 Crushing hazard due to lack of clearance Introduction, 9.3.2,
14.2.3
Relevant clauses
Line No. Hazards
in this standard
1.3.2 Shearing hazard 8.1.4, 8.10.6
1.3.3 Cutting or severing hazard 8.1.4, 8.10.6
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 8.1.4
1.3.5 Drawing in or trapping hazard 8.3.4.5
1.3.6 Impact hazards due to swinging of the platform against the facade 7.7, 7.8
1.3.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard NS
1.3.8 Friction or abrasion hazard NS
1.3.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection 10.6
2 Electrical hazards:
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) shall be considered in relation to 10.6
the degree of protection
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions 10.3
(indirect contact) shall be considered in relation to:
14.2.3
 main power supply protection
 continuity of the protective bonding circuit
2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage ND
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena NR
2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena such as the projection of molten particles NS
and chemical effects from short circuits, overloads, etc.
3 Thermal hazards resulting in burns by possible contact with persons NS
4 Hazard generated by noise 9.2.5.1
5 Hazard generated by vibration NS
6 Hazard generated by radiation ND
7 Hazard generated by materials and substances ND
8 Hazard generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machinery design
as hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort: 7.5.3
8.2.2, 8.2.3
 minimum free height
9.4.2
 maximum force applied to a crank or lever
 maximum weight of portable components
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy: platform dimensions 7.1
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 14.2.5
8.4 Inadequate local lighting 14.2.5
8.5 Overload and underload 14.2.5
8.6 Human error, human behaviour 11.1
Unintentional command by the operator 11.2, 11.3, 11.4
Assembly of modular platforms using fool-proof connections 7.2.1
9 Combination of hazards ND
10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed:
10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system can result: 11.4
Relevant clauses
Line No. Hazards
in this standard
11.4
 in being trapped on the platform
 in unintentional movement
10.2 Restoration of energy supply after interruption 11.4
10.3 External influences on electrical equipment 10.6, 11.4
10.4 Other external influences 14.2.5
10.5 Error in the software 11.4
10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of machinery with human NR
characteristics and ability)
11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in a safe condition 5, 8.1.6, 8.3.2, 11.1,
11.2, 14.2.5
12 Variations in the rotational speed of tools NR
13 Failure of the power supply 8.3.4
14 Failure of the control circuit 11.4
15 Errors of fitting 7.2.1, 14.2.3
16 Break-up during operation 11.4, 14.2.5
17 Falling or ejected objects or fluid 7.1
18 Loss of stability/overturning of machinery See Item 27.1.1 of
this table
19 Slip, trip and fall of persons See Item 27.2 of this
table
Additional hazards and hazardous events due to mobility:
20 Relating to the travelling function:
20.1 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled machinery 9.3.3
20.2 Excessive oscillation of platform when moving 9.3.3, 9.3.4, 9.3.5
20.3 Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed down, stopped and immobilized 8.1.6, 8.3.2, 8.3.3,
9.3.3
21 Linked to work position:
21.1 Fall of persons during access to the work position Introduction, 9.3.2,
9.3.8
21.2 Mechanical hazards at the work position: 9.3.2
9.3.2
 contact with the wheels
9.3.3
 contact of persons with machine
 pedestrian controlled machines
21.3 Insufficient visibility from work position ND
21.4 Inadequate seating 7.6
22 Due to the control system:
22.1 Inadequate location of controls/control devices 11.3, 11.4
23 From handling the machine, lack of stability 14.2.2
24 Due to the power source and to the transmission of power:
24.1 Hazards from the batteries 9.2.5.3
Relevant clauses
Line No. Hazards
in this standard
25 From/to third parties:
25.1 Unauthorized start-up/use 9.3.6, 11.3, 11.4,
14.2.5
25.2 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning means 8.3.5.7, 9.3.3, 13
26 Insufficient instructions for the operator 14.2.5
Additional hazards and hazardous events due to lifting of the platform:
27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events:
27.1 Hazards due to falling caused by:
27.1.1 Lack of stability due to: 13.5
6.5
 an excess of overhang
9.3.6
 an insufficient quantity of counterweights
Introduction, 14.2.3
 counterweights not properly located and fixed
 insufficient strength of building structure
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading - overloading - overturning moments exceeded due to:
6.5.2, 8.3.5, 8.3.9,
 unknown weight of load 6.5.2, 8.3.5
11.4, 8.3.5.2,
 under-hooking of the platform 8.3.9, 11.4
Clause 11
 interaction of two or more hoists with unequal load distribution on platform
8.3.5.2
 load self-oscillation in the rope by rapid switching of UP/DOWN controls 11
27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of movements 7.7, 8.3.10, 9.2.2
27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movements of loads 6.5.2, 8.9.2
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices/accessories 6.5.2, 8.1.6, 8.3.2,
8.3.3
27.2 From lifting of persons and hazards due to falling shall be considered in relation
to:
27.2.1 Decking, sides guard rails and toe boards of platform 7.1
27.2.2 Control of the platform level 8.3.8, 8.9.3.9
27.2.3 Safe access to equipment Introduction, 7.4
27.2.4 Safe access to the wire rope anchorage points 14.2.3
27.2.5 Falling objects from the platform 7.1, 7.2.3
27.2.6 Objects falling on to the platform 7.1.5
27.3 From derailment 9.3.1
27.4 From inadequate mechanical strength of parts 6
27.5 From inadequate design of pulleys, hoists etc. 8
27.6 From inadequate selection/integration into the machine of chains, ropes, lifting 9
accessories
27.7 From lowering of the load by friction brake 8.1.6
Relevant clauses
Line No. Hazards
in this standard
27.8 From abnormal conditions of assembly/testing use/maintenance or mixing of 14.2
components
27.9 From load-person interference (impact by load) 9.3.6
28 Electrical hazard:
28.1 From lightning 14.2
29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles: See Item 8.1 of this
table
29.1 Insufficient visibility for the operator NS
30 Hazards due to hoisting of material
30.1 Load falling on to persons on the platform 6.5.2, 8.12
30.2 Wind on the load 6.5.2, 8.12
30.3 Overload 6.5.2, 8.12
30.4 Material not in a vertical line with the material hoist 6.5.2, 8.12
30.5 Stability 6.5.2, 6.5.4.1, 6.5.4.2,
8.12
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
All SAE shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures in Clause 6 to Clause 14 of this
standard. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant
but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document.
During the design of SAE appropriate provisions shall be made for their safe use. These provisions shall
include recommendations for rescue.
NOTE See 14.1.
6 Structural, stability and mechanical calculations for SAE
6.1 General
The design calculations for all SAE shall be carried out in accordance with European codes and engineering
practices including, if necessary, the effects of elastic deformations. All failure modes of materials shall be
considered including fatigue and wear.
In the absence of a harmonized standard relevant FEM (European Federation of Materials Handling) rules for
the method of calculation of lifting equipment should be referred to. The load cases are specified in the
following standards:
 FEM 9.511, Rules for the design of series lifting equipment: Classification of mechanisms;
 FEM 9.341, Rules for the design of series lifting equipment: Local girder stresses;
 FEM 1.001, Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, booklet 2: Classification and loading on
structures and mechanisms;
 FEM 1.001, Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, booklet 3: Calculating the stresses in structures;
 FEM 1.001, Rules for the design of hoisting appliances, booklet 4: Checking for fatigue and choice of
mechanism components.
The design calculations may be carried out in accordance with the permissible stress method. If the limit state
method is used it shall result in the same level of safety.
6.2 Safety margin allowed within the calculations
6.2.1 Calculating the stresses in structures
6.2.1.1 General
See also FEM 1.001 booklet 3.
For the three load cases defined in Table 2 and Table 3 the calculation of the different members is set out
allowing a safety margin for the critical stresses. Taking the three common failure modes into account:
 yield strength exceeded;
 critical load for buckling exceeded;

...