Copper and copper alloys - Detection of tensile stress - 5 % ammonia test

This standard specifies a medium duration test using an ammonical atmosphere for the purpose of detecting the presence of tensile stress, residual or applied, in grades of copper or copper alloy products that might bring about failure of a component in service or storage through stress corrosion cracking.
The field of application of this standard is specified in the technical delivery specifications of semi finished or finished products in grades of copper and copper alloys, or by prior agreement between purchaser and supplier.

Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Auffinden von Zugspannungen - 5 % Ammoniakprüfung

Diese Norm legt eine Prüfung von mittlerer Dauer unter Verwendung einer ammoniakalischen Atmosphäre
zum Zweck des Auffindens von angelegten oder Restspannungen in Produkten aus Kupfersorten oder
Kupferlegierungen fest, die Schäden durch Spannungsrisskorrosion an Bauteilen unter Betriebsbedingungen
oder bei Lagerung verursachen könnten.
Das Anwendungsgebiet dieser Norm wird in den technischen Lieferbedingungen von Halbfabrikaten oder von
Endprodukten aus Kupfersorten oder Kupferlegierungen festgelegt oder zwischen Käufer und Lieferer
vereinbart.

Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Détection des contraintes de traction - Essai à l'ammoniaque à 5 %

La présente Norme européenne spécifie un essai de durée moyenne sous atmosphère ammoniacale permettant de déceler la présence dans des produits en cuivre ou en alliages de cuivre de contraintes de traction appliquées ou résiduelles susceptibles d’entraîner à l’usage ou au cours du stockage la détérioration du produit par une corrosion fissurante sous contrainte.
Le domaine d’application de la présente norme est soit indiqué dans les spécifications techniques de livraison des produits semi-finis ou finis en cuivre et en alliages de cuivre de différentes nuances, soit convenu par accord préalable entre l’acheteur et le fournisseur.

Baker in bakrove zlitine - Ugotavljanje natezne napetosti - Preskus s 5-odstotnim amoniakom

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
20-Jun-2006
Withdrawal Date
30-Dec-2006
Current Stage
9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
Start Date
18-Apr-2023
Completion Date
28-Jan-2026

Relations

Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026
Effective Date
28-Jan-2026

Overview

EN 14977:2006 is a European standard developed by CEN (European Committee for Standardization) that specifies a medium-duration test method for detecting tensile stress in copper and copper alloy products. The test employs a 5% ammonia atmosphere to reveal residual or applied tensile stresses that could lead to stress corrosion cracking, a failure mode critical in ensuring the durability and safety of copper components in service or storage.

This standardized test addresses the need for a reliable, environmentally safer alternative to previous methods, streamlining detection within 16 hours. EN 14977:2006 applies primarily to semi-finished or finished copper-based products, with use and acceptance governed by technical delivery specifications or mutual agreement between supplier and purchaser.

Key Topics

  • Purpose: Detection of tensile stress (both residual and applied) in copper and copper alloys to prevent failures caused by stress corrosion cracking.
  • Test Principle: Exposure of test pieces to an ammoniacal atmosphere for 16 hours, followed by visual inspection under 6x to 10x magnification for cracking.
  • Test Solutions:
    • Solution No. 1: Aqueous solution with ~50 g NH3 per litre.
    • Solution No. 2: Ammonium chloride solution buffered to pH 10 for thin specimens (<2 mm).
  • Test Specimens: Minimum 150 mm length, degreased and free of mechanical damage, with oxide layers removed by mild acid treatment.
  • Test Procedure:
    • Placing test pieces in a sealed vessel above test solution maintaining vapor contact.
    • Maintaining a temperature range of 20 °C to 25 °C throughout the 16-hour exposure.
    • Post-test pickling in dilute sulfuric or nitric acid for better crack visibility.
  • Evaluation: Visual inspection for cracks outside of a 5 mm margin near edges or stamped markings; interpretation according to product specs or supplier-purchaser agreement.
  • Reporting Requirements:
    • Sample identification, test conditions (pH, temperature), number of test pieces, results, anomalies, and documentation dates.

Applications

  • Quality Control: EN 14977:2006 is crucial for manufacturers and suppliers of copper and copper alloy products to verify the absence of harmful tensile stresses.
  • Stress Corrosion Prevention: By detecting residual or applied stresses early, this test helps mitigate the risk of stress corrosion cracking in critical components used across plumbing, electrical, and industrial applications.
  • Compliance Verification: Ensures products meet technical delivery specifications, enhancing reliability in semi-finished or finished copper products before deployment.
  • Environmental Safety: Provides a safer alternative to mercury-based stress detection tests, reducing hazardous chemical exposure and simplifying waste management.

Related Standards

  • EN ISO 196 – Detection of residual stress in copper and alloys by Mercury(I)nitrate test.
  • ISO 6957 – Ammonia test for stress corrosion resistance in copper alloys.
  • ASTM G 37 – 98 – Stress-corrosion cracking susceptibility in copper-zinc alloys.
  • Additional references include works on ammonia test methodologies and corrosion resistance assessments.

Keywords: EN 14977:2006, copper alloys tensile stress test, 5% ammonia test, stress corrosion cracking detection, copper residual stress, copper alloy testing standards, medium duration tensile stress detection, environmentally safe copper testing.

Frequently Asked Questions

EN 14977:2006 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Copper and copper alloys - Detection of tensile stress - 5 % ammonia test". This standard covers: This standard specifies a medium duration test using an ammonical atmosphere for the purpose of detecting the presence of tensile stress, residual or applied, in grades of copper or copper alloy products that might bring about failure of a component in service or storage through stress corrosion cracking. The field of application of this standard is specified in the technical delivery specifications of semi finished or finished products in grades of copper and copper alloys, or by prior agreement between purchaser and supplier.

This standard specifies a medium duration test using an ammonical atmosphere for the purpose of detecting the presence of tensile stress, residual or applied, in grades of copper or copper alloy products that might bring about failure of a component in service or storage through stress corrosion cracking. The field of application of this standard is specified in the technical delivery specifications of semi finished or finished products in grades of copper and copper alloys, or by prior agreement between purchaser and supplier.

EN 14977:2006 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 77.150.30 - Copper products. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

EN 14977:2006 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 12168:2024, EN 12164:2016, EN 12167:2016, EN 12420:2024, EN 12163:2011, EN 12168:2016, EN 12420:2014, EN 12168:2011, EN 12164:2011, EN 12163:2016, EN 12167:2011, EN 12163:2024, EN 12164:2024, EN 12167:2024. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

EN 14977:2006 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Copper and copper alloys - Detection of tensile stress - 5 % ammonia testBaker in bakrove zlitine - Ugotavljanje natezne napetosti - Preskus s 5-odstotnim amoniakomCuivre et alliages de cuivre - Détection des contraintes de traction - Essai a l'ammoniaque a 5 %Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Auffinden von Zugspannungen - 5 % AmmoniakprüfungTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14977:2006SIST EN 14977:2006en77.120.30ICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14977:200601-september-2006

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14977June 2006ICS 77.150.30 English VersionCopper and copper alloys - Detection of tensile stress - 5 %ammonia testCuivre et alliages de cuivre - Détection des contraintes detraction - Essai à l'ammoniaque à 5 %Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Auffinden vonZugspannungen - 5 % AmmoniakprüfungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 May 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14977:2006: E

Contents Page Foreword.3 Introduction.4 1 Scope.5 2 Principle.5 3 Terms and definitions.5 4 Test solution.5 5 Test pieces.6 6 Procedure.6 7 Test requirements.6 8 Test report.6 Bibliography.7

Foreword This document (EN 14977:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2006, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2006. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Introduction This test was developed to achieve three aims in particular:  firstly to avoid health and environmental risks which are associated with the use of media other than ammonia, (e.g. with the use of compounds of mercury and recovery of mercury polluted test pieces), but with a similar sensitivity as the test according to EN ISO 196;  secondly to combine a test on tensile stress with a test on stress corrosion cracking;  thirdly to reduce the test duration from usually 24 h, as specified in ISO 6957, to 16 h. It is not intended to replace and withdraw EN ISO 196 in favour of this standard. In so far as a rapid result is required, the test according to EN ISO 196 can be used.

1 Scope This standard specifies a medium-duration test using
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