Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring method

This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of interfacial tension in the range from 4 mN/m to 50 mN/m between two immiscible liquids which can also be free from surface active agents.
It is particularly suitable for determining the interfacial tension between water or aqueous solutions and organic liquids which are immiscible with water.

Grenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung von grenzflächenaktiven Lösungen mittels Bügel- oder Ringverfahren

Anwendungsbereich
Diese Europäische Norm legt Verfahren zur Messung der Grenzflächenspannung im Bereich von 4 mN/m bis 50 mN/m zwischen zwei nicht mischbaren Flüssigkeiten, die auch frei von grenzflächenaktiven Stoffen sein können, fest.
Die Messverfahren eignen sich insbesondere zur Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung zwischen Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen und organischen Flüssigkeiten, die mit Wasser nicht mischbar sind.

Agents de surface - Détermination de la tension interfaciale des solution d'agents de surface par la méthode à l'anneau ou l'étrier

Domaine d'application
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des méthodes d'essai pour la détermination de la tension interfaciale dans le domaine de 4 mN/m à 50 mN/m entre deux liquides non miscibles qui peuvent également être exempts d'agents de surface.

Površinsko aktivne snovi - Določevanje površinske napetosti raztopin površinsko aktivnih snovi z metodo zanke

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
16-Dec-2003
Withdrawal Date
29-Jun-2004
ICS
71.100.40 - Surface active agents
Technical Committee
CEN/TC 276 - Surface active agents
Drafting Committee
CEN/TC 276/WG 2 - Methods of test
Current Stage
9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
Start Date
31-Oct-2024
Completion Date
14-Apr-2025
Ref Project
SIST EN 14210:2004 - Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring method

Overview

EN 14210:2003 (CEN) specifies standardized test methods for the determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents (surfactants) using the stirrup (wire) or ring method. The standard covers measurements in the range 4 mN/m to 50 mN/m, and is particularly suitable for interfaces between water or aqueous solutions and immiscible organic liquids. It defines the test principle, apparatus, sample preparation, procedures (relative and absolute), result expression, precision limits and reporting requirements.

Key topics and technical requirements

  • Measurement principle: the maximum force required to pull a stirrup or ring through the liquid–liquid interface is measured with a tensiometer; interfacial tension is calculated from that force (with corrections where applicable).
  • Measurement range: 4–50 mN/m for two immiscible liquids, which may be free of surface active agents.
  • Apparatus:
    • Tensiometer (torsion balance or inductive force transducer) capable of reading to 0.1 mN/m.
    • Stirrup: platinum/iridium wire, test-wire diameter ~0.1 mm, length 20–40 mm; branch lengths ~20 mm.
    • Ring: platinum or platinum/iridium wire, wire thickness ≤ 0.4 mm, mean circumference ≈ 60 mm.
    • Sample vessel: cylindrical glass vessel (≥45 mm internal diameter recommended) with thermostatic control where needed.
  • Procedures:
    • Relative method: compares the measured value with a reference liquid pair of similar densities.
    • Absolute ring method: uses apparatus calibration with a known weight and applies the Zuidema & Waters correction factor (empirical correction for ring geometry).
  • Preparation and control:
    • Rigorous cleaning (organic solvent rinse, double-distilled water) and ignition of metal loops to remove contamination.
    • Use double-distilled water for aqueous phases; maintain temperature to ±0.5 °C.
    • Protect apparatus from volatile contaminants and drafts (enclosure recommended).
  • Precision:
    • Repeatability r: typically ≤ 0.4 mN/m (relative method) and ≤ 0.2 mN/m (absolute ring).
    • Reproducibility R: typically ≤ 2 mN/m (relative) and ≤ 1 mN/m (absolute).
  • Reporting: sample ID, standard reference, method used, temperature, interface age/time-to-equilibrium, corrections applied, device (ring or stirrup), individual and mean values, deviations from standard.

Applications and users

EN 14210:2003 is used for:

  • Characterizing surfactants and formulations in R&D and quality control (detergents, emulsifiers, coatings, agrochemical formulations).
  • Studying emulsion stability, wetting and interfacial phenomena in petrochemical, pharmaceutical and specialty-chemical industries.
  • Regulatory and conformity testing where standardized interfacial tension data are required.

Typical users: formulation scientists, QC/analytical laboratories, test houses, academic researchers and product development teams needing reliable interfacial tension measurement by the stirrup or ring method.

Related standards

  • EN 14370 (ring/stirrup design for surface tension applications) - referenced for compatible ring/stirrup geometry.
  • ISO 6889 - referenced for cleaning procedures in some cases.
  • Key empirical corrections: Zuidema & Waters; Harkins & Jordan (historical basis).

Keywords: EN 14210:2003, interfacial tension measurement, surface active agents, stirrup method, ring method, tensiometer, surfactant testing, CEN standard.

Frequently Asked Questions

EN 14210:2003 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring method". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of interfacial tension in the range from 4 mN/m to 50 mN/m between two immiscible liquids which can also be free from surface active agents. It is particularly suitable for determining the interfacial tension between water or aqueous solutions and organic liquids which are immiscible with water.

This European Standard specifies test methods for the determination of interfacial tension in the range from 4 mN/m to 50 mN/m between two immiscible liquids which can also be free from surface active agents. It is particularly suitable for determining the interfacial tension between water or aqueous solutions and organic liquids which are immiscible with water.

EN 14210:2003 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.100.40 - Surface active agents. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

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Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Surface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension of solutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring methodAgents de surface - Détermination de la tension interfaciale des solution d'agents de surface par la méthode a l'anneau ou l'étrierGrenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bestimmung der Grenzflächenspannung von grenzflächenaktiven Lösungen mittels Bügel- oder Ringverfahren71.100.40Površinsko aktivna sredstvaSurface active agentsICS:SIST EN 14210:2004enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14210:200301-februar-2004SIST EN 14210:2004SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14210December 2003ICS 71.100.40English versionSurface active agents - Determination of interfacial tension ofsolutions of surface active agents by the stirrup or ring methodAgents de surface - Détermination de la tension interfacialedes solution d'agents de surface par la méthode à l'anneauou l'étrierGrenzflächenaktive Stoffe - Bestimmung derGrenzflächenspannung von grenzflächenaktiven Lösungenmittels Bügel- oder RingverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2003.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and UnitedKingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2003 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14210:2003 E

=g(1)3 Apparatus3.1 Tensiometer3.1.1GeneralThe tensiometer shall be designed for use with a stirrup or ring and shall consist essentially of the parts specifiedin 3.1.2 and 3.1.3.3.1.2Dynamometer (e.g. torsion balance or inductive force transducer), capable for reading off the force to thenearest 0,1 mN/m over the effective length of the stirrup or ring.3.1.3Support for the measuring vessel, consisting of a horizontal platform which can be moved vertically upand down, e.g. with the aid of a precision drive.3.2 StirrupThe stirrup shall consist of platinum/iridium wire with a test wire diameter of 0,1 mm and a length of 20 mmto 40 mm. The length of the two branches shall be about 20 mm. Two small platinum balls can be attached to thelower ends of the branches as counterweights or, alternatively, the lower ends of the branches can be joined by aplatinum wire (see Figure 1 as an example).
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기사 제목: EN 14210:2003 - 표면활성제 - 스티러프 또는 링 방법에 의한 표면활성제 용액의 계면장력 측정 기사 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 표면활성제가 없을 수도 있는 두 개의 혼합이 불용성인 액체 간의 계면장력을 4 mN/m에서 50 mN/m의 범위로 측정하기 위한 시험 방법을 지정한다. 이는 특히 물 또는 수용성 용액과 물과 혼합이 불가능한 유기용액 간의 계면장력을 측정하는 데에 적합하다.

The article discusses EN 14210:2003, a European Standard that outlines test methods for determining interfacial tension between two immiscible liquids. This standard is specifically useful for measuring the interfacial tension between water or aqueous solutions and organic liquids that do not contain surface active agents. The range for interfacial tension in these tests is between 4 mN/m and 50 mN/m.

記事のタイトル：EN 14210:2003- 表面活性剤 - スティラップまたはリング法による表面活性剤含有液体の界面張力の測定 記事の内容：このヨーロッパ規格は、表面活性剤を含まない二つの混合液体間の界面張力を4 mN/mから50 mN/mの範囲で測定するための試験方法を指定しています。特に、水または水溶液と水に混ざらない有機液体の間の界面張力を測定するのに適しています。