EN ISO 22674:2006

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2007
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 1562:2004
SIST EN ISO 16744:2004
SIST EN ISO 6871-1:2000
SIST EN ISO 6871-1:2000/AC:2003
SIST EN ISO 6871-2:2000
SIST EN ISO 8891:2000
Zobozdravstvo - Kovinski materiali za stalne in zamenljive zobne obnove in orodja
(ISO 22674:2006)
Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable restorations and appliances (ISO
22674:2006)
Zahnheilkunde - Metallische Werkstoffe für festsitzenden und herausnehmbaren
Zahnersatz und Vorrichtungen (ISO 22674:2006)
Art dentaire - Matériaux métalliques pour les restaurations fixes et amovibles et les
appareillages (ISO 22674:2006)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22674:2006
ICS:
11.060.10 =RERWHKQLþQLPDWHULDOL Dental materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 22674
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2006
ICS 11.060.10 Supersedes EN ISO 1562:2004, EN ISO 16744:2003, EN
ISO 6871-1:1996, EN ISO 6871-2:1996, EN ISO
8891:2000
English Version
Dentistry - Metallic materials for fixed and removable
restorations and appliances (ISO 22674:2006)
Art dentaire - Matériaux métalliques pour les restaurations Zahnheilkunde - Metallische Werkstoffe für festsitzenden
fixes et amovibles et les appareillages (ISO 22674:2006) und herausnehmbaren Zahnersatz und Vorrichtungen (ISO
22674:2006)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 October 2006.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22674:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 22674:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106
"Dentistry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 55 "Dentistry", the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
This document supersedes EN ISO 1562:2004, EN ISO 6871-1:1996, EN ISO 6871-1:1996, EN
ISO 8891:2000 and EN ISO 16744:2003.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2007, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by May 2007.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22674:2006 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22674:2006 without any
modifications.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22674
First edition
2006-11-15
Dentistry — Metallic materials for fixed
and removable restorations and
appliances
Art dentaire — Matériaux métalliques pour les restaurations fixes et
amovibles et les appareillages

Reference number
ISO 22674:2006(E)
©
ISO 2006
ISO 22674:2006(E)
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ii © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions. 1
4 Classification. 3
5 Requirements . 3
5.1 Chemical composition. 3
5.2 Hazardous elements. 4
5.3 Biocompatibility. 4
5.4 Mechanical properties. 4
5.5 Density . 7
5.6 Corrosion resistance for material integrity. 7
5.7 Tarnish resistance . 8
5.8 Solidus and liquidus temperatures (for alloy) or melting point (for commercially pure
metal). 8
5.9 Thermal expansion coefficient . 8
5.10 Information, instructions and marking. 8
6 Sampling. 8
7 Preparation of test specimens . 9
7.1 General. 9
7.2 Heat-treatment. 9
7.3 Specimens . 9
8 Test methods. 11
8.1 Information, instructions and marking. 11
8.2 Chemical composition. 11
8.3 Mechanical properties. 12
8.4 Density . 13
8.5 Corrosion resistance. 14
8.6 Tarnish resistance (sodium sulfide test). 15
8.7 Solidus and liquidus temperatures (alloys) or melting point (commercially pure metals). 16
8.8 Linear thermal expansion . 16
9 Information and instructions for use. 16
9.1 Information . 16
9.2 Processing instructions. 17
10 Marking and labelling . 17
10.1 Marking . 17
10.2 Labelling on the package. 18
Annex A (informative) Tensile testing of a non-cast Type 0 metallic material that is intended for
use in a thickness between 0,1 mm and 0,5 mm . 19
Bibliography . 22

ISO 22674:2006(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 22674 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 106, Dentistry, Subcommittee SC 2, Prosthodontic
materials.
This first edition cancels and replaces the following composition-derived International Standards: ISO 1562,
ISO 6871-1, ISO 6871-2, ISO 8891 and ISO 16744.

iv © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
Introduction
Specific qualitative and quantitative requirements for freedom from biological hazard are not included in this
International Standard but it is recommended that, in assessing possible biological hazards, reference should
be made to ISO 10993-1 and ISO 7405.
Requirements for the performance of metals and alloys used for the metallic component of a metal-ceramic
restoration contained in this International Standard supersede such requirements formerly contained in
ISO 9693. The requirements for the performance of ceramic material and the metal-ceramic bond in metal-
ceramic restorative systems continue to be specified in ISO 9693.
Requirements for the proof stress and minimum elongation after fracture for Type 0 metallic materials are not
included in this International Standard, but it is recommended to adopt the test procedure given in Annex A
when measuring these properties. Requirements will be included in a revision of this International Standard
when information becomes available to Technical Committee ISO/TC 106 Subcommittee 2.

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22674:2006(E)

Dentistry — Metallic materials for fixed and removable
restorations and appliances
1 Scope
This International Standard classifies metallic materials that are suitable for the fabrication of dental
appliances and restorations, including metallic materials recommended for use either with or without a
ceramic veneer, or recommended for both uses, and specifies their requirements. It further specifies
requirements with respect to packaging and marking the products and to the instructions to be supplied for the
use of these materials.
This International Standard does not apply to alloys for dental amalgam (ISO 24234), dental brazing materials
(ISO 9333), or metallic materials for orthodontic appliances (ISO 15841) (e.g., wire, bracket, band and screw).
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1942, Dentistry — Vocabulary
ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 6892, Metallic materials — Tensile testing at ambient temperature
ISO 7500-1:2004, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1:
Tension/compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system
ISO 9513:1999, Metallic materials — Calibration of extensometers used in uniaxial testing
ISO 9693, Metal-ceramic dental restorative systems
ISO 10271:2001, Dental metallic materials — Corrosion test methods
ISO 15223:2000, Medical devices — Symbols to be used with medical device labels, labelling and information
to be supplied
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of ISO 1942 and the following apply.
3.1
base metal
any metallic element with the exception of noble metals and silver
ISO 22674:2006(E)
3.2
hazardous element
element that is known for its potential to produce an adverse biological effect
NOTE The presence of such an element (as an alloying addition or as an impurity) in a dental alloy does not imply
that the alloy, in itself, is harmful.
3.3
metallic material
material having the properties that are associated with an alloy, noble metal or base metal
NOTE This may be a pure element, commercially pure metal or an alloy.
3.4
casting alloy
metallic material designed for casting into a dental investment mould
3.5
ceramic veneer
thin ceramic surface layer present on a metallic material restoration to provide an aesthetic effect
3.6
metal-ceramic
dental restoration in which a ceramic veneer is bonded to a metallic material substructure by firing
NOTE 1 This can apply also to the metallic material used for such a restoration. In this context metal-ceramic alloy is a
synonym.
NOTE 2 If recommended, such a metallic material may be used without a ceramic veneer.
3.7
metallic base
noble metal or base metal with highest concentration by mass fraction in the alloy
NOTE The name of this element shall precede the words “-based metallic material for dental restoration” or “-based
dental casting alloy” or “-based dental metal-ceramic material”, as is appropriate.
3.8
base-metal alloy
alloy having a base metal as the principal element
3.9
as-cast condition
metallurgical condition of the metallic material in its solid state after removal from the casting machine
NOTE This condition is dependent upon the manufacturer’s recommended cooling procedure (e.g., bench cooling).
3.10
bench-cooling
process whereby a casting is retained in its investment with exposed metal uppermost and placed on a flat,
insulating surface at ambient temperature in freely circulating air until its temperature falls to ambient
3.11
hardening
heat-treatment producing a condition which provides a higher 0,2 % proof strength than the “as-cast” state
NOTE If recommended by the manufacturer, explicit instructions should be given in the instructions for use.
2 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
3.12
softening
heat-treatment producing a condition which provides a lower 0,2 % proof strength than the “as-cast” state
NOTE If recommended by the manufacturer, explicit instructions should be given in the instructions for use.
3.13
one-surface inlay
an inlay restoration that is exposed to the oral environment on one and no more of the surfaces that are used
to define the tooth for the purposes of charting
3.14
veneer
thin covering of surface material applied to a coarser base material
4 Classification
For the purposes of this International Standard a metallic material is classified, according to its mechanical
properties as a Type number, of which there are six.
Examples of the applications for which these Types are intended are as follows:
— Type 0: intended for low stress bearing single-tooth fixed restorations, e.g. small veneered one-
surface inlays, veneered crowns.
NOTE Metallic materials for metal-ceramic crowns produced by electroforming or sintering belong
to Type 0.
— Type 1: intended for low stress bearing single-tooth fixed restorations, e.g. veneered or unveneered
one-surface inlays, veneered crowns.
— Type 2: intended for single tooth fixed restorations, e.g. crowns or inlays without restriction on the
number of surfaces.
— Type 3: intended for multiple unit fixed restorations, e.g. bridges.
— Type 4: intended for appliances with thin sections that are subject to very high forces, e.g. removable
partial dentures, clasps, thin veneered crowns, wide-span bridges or bridges with small cross-
sections, bars, attachments, implant retained superstructures.
— Type 5: intended for appliances in which parts require the combination of high stiffness and strength,
e.g. thin removable partial dentures, parts with thin cross-sections, clasps.
5 Requirements
5.1 Chemical composition
5.1.1 Reported composition
For all elements that are present in excess of 1,0 % (mass fraction), each constituent element shall be
declared by the manufacturer and shall be reported [see 9.1 a)] to a precision of 0,1 % (mass fraction).
Any element that is present in excess of 0,1 % (mass fraction), but not of 1,0 % (mass fraction), shall be
identified [see 9.1 a)] either by name or symbol.
ISO 22674:2006(E)
5.1.2 Permitted deviation from the reported composition for elements
For silver-based or noble-metal alloys, the percentage of each of the constituents of the alloy shall not deviate
by more than 0,5 % (mass fraction) from the values stated on the package label or insert [see 9.1 a)].
For base-metal alloys, all elements present in excess of 20 % (mass fraction) shall not deviate by more than
2,0 % (mass fraction) from the value stated on the package or label or insert. Those present in excess of
1,0 % (mass fraction) but not in excess of 20 % (mass fraction) shall not deviate by more than 1,0 % (mass
fraction) from the value stated on the package or label or insert [see 9.1 a)].
5.2 Hazardous elements
5.2.1 Recognized hazardous elements
For the purposes of this International Standard the elements nickel, cadmium and beryllium are designated
hazardous elements.
5.2.2 Permitted limits for the hazardous elements cadmium and beryllium
The metallic material shall not contain more than 0,02 % (mass fraction) cadmium or beryllium.
5.2.3 Manufacturer’s reported nickel content and permitted deviation
If the metallic material contains more than 0,1 % (mass fraction) nickel, this content shall be given to an
accuracy of 0,1 % (mass fraction) in the literature which accompanies the package [see 9.1 n)] and on the
package, label or insert [see 10.2 f)].
The mass fraction shall not exceed the value stated in 9.1 n) and 10.2 f).
5.3 Biocompatibility
See the introduction for guidance on biocompatibility.
5.4 Mechanical properties
5.4.1 General
Testing shall be done according to 8.3.2.
The requirements in Table 1 shall be met by the metallic material after the recommended processing
techniques (e.g., casting, bench-cooling, machining) and after the ceramic firing schedule (if appropriate) have
been applied. A metallic material recommended for use either with or without a ceramic veneer shall meet this
requirement in both metallurgical conditions.
If heat-treatment is recommended by the manufacturer [see 9.2 c)] this requirement shall be met by the
material in the heat-treated condition, applied in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for use.
For a metallic material, the Type may be classified differently (according to Table 1) if it is recommended for
use in more than one metallurgical condition (produced by alternative processing schedules). The highest
applicable Type shall be specified for each condition.
4 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
Table 1 — Mechanical properties
Proof strength of 0,2 %
Elongation after fracture Young’s modulus
non-proportional extension
R
Type p0,2
MPa % GPa
minimum minimum minimum
0 — — —
1 80 18 —
2 180 10 —
3 270 5 —
4 360 2 —
5 500 2 150
5.4.2 Proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension
5.4.2.1 Determination of compliance
Refer to the classification Type stated in 9.1 b).
If four, five or six of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series meet the requirement for
proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension, the metallic material complies with the requirement.
If two or fewer of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series meet the requirement for proof
strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension, the metallic material fails to comply with the requirement.
NOTE 1 Two sets of six specimens are produced (see 7.3.1). One of these sets is tested in the first test series. If
required, replacement specimens are drawn from the second lot and used in the first test series. The remaining specimens
in the second lot form the second test series.
NOTE 2 In this context, the number six is reached to complete the set in the first test series when the number of
specimens tested less those rejected after post fracture examination (8.3.2) is six, (i. e. replacement specimens are
included in the total).
If three or four specimens in the first set of six specimens are rejected on the basis of 8.3.2 and replaced with
specimens from the second set, all twelve specimens shall be tested. If at least eight results meet the
requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension the metallic material complies with the
requirement.
If three of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series meet the requirement for proof strength
of 0,2 % non-proportional extension, all remaining specimens shall be tested in a second test series. If five or
six of the results for the specimens in the second test series meet the requirement for proof strength of 0,2 %
non-proportional extension, the metallic material complies with the requirement.
NOTE 3 Under this compliance criterion, if one specimen from the first set has been rejected on the basis of inspection
after fracture (8.3.2) during the first test series and a specimen from the second lot of six used as its replacement, then all
five remaining specimens in the second series shall meet the requirement. N.B. Only one replacement is possible for a
borderline metallic material.
If three of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series meet the requirement for proof strength
of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and four or fewer of the results from the specimens in the second test
series meet the requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension, the metallic material fails
to comply with the requirement.
ISO 22674:2006(E)
5.4.2.2 Mean value
The mean value for the proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension shall not differ by more than 10 %
from the value given in the literature accompanying the package [see 9.1 c)].
5.4.3 Elongation after fracture
5.4.3.1 Determination of compliance with the requirement
Refer to the classification Type stated in 9.1 b).
If the four, five or six of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series, which meet the
requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension also meet the requirement for elongation
after fracture, the metallic material complies with the requirement for elongation after fracture.
If two or fewer of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series meet the requirement for
elongation after fracture, the metallic material fails to comply with the requirement for elongation after fracture.
NOTE 1 Two sets of six specimens are produced (see 7.3.1). One of these sets is tested in the first test series. If
required, replacement specimens are drawn from the second set and used in the first test series. The remaining
specimens in the second set form the second test series.
NOTE 2 In this context, the number six is reached to complete the set in the first test series when the number of
specimens tested, less those rejected after post fracture examination (8.3.2) is six, (i.e. replacement specimens are
included in the total).
If three or four specimens in the first set of six specimens are rejected on the basis of 8.3.2 and replaced with
specimens from the second set, all twelve specimens shall be tested. If at least eight results of the specimens
that meet the requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension also meet the requirement for
elongation to fracture, the metallic material complies with the requirement for elongation after fracture.
If three of the results for the first set of six specimens in the first test series, which meet the requirement for
proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension also have an elongation after fracture that meets the
requirement for elongation after fracture, all remaining specimens shall be tested in a second test series. If
five or six of the results for the specimens in the second test series have both an elongation after fracture and
a proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension that meet both requirements, the metallic material
complies with the requirement for the percentage elongation after fracture. If the results for the five or six
specimens in the second series meet the requirement for elongation after fracture, but not the requirement for
proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension, the metallic material fails to comply with requirement for
elongation after fracture.
NOTE 3 Under this compliance criterion, if one specimen in the first set has been rejected on the basis of inspection
after fracture (8.3.2) during the first test series and a specimen from the second set of six used as its replacement, then all
five remaining specimens in the second series shall meet the requirement. N.B. Only one replacement is possible for a
borderline metallic material.
If three of the results for the set of six specimens in the first test series meet the requirement for the
percentage elongation after fracture and four or fewer of the results from specimens in the second test series
meet the requirements for elongation after fracture, the metallic material fails to comply with the requirement
for elongation after fracture.
5.4.3.2 Mean reported value
The mean value of percentage elongation after fracture shall exceed 70 % of the value stated in the literature
accompanying the package and not be less than the minimum value for the type [see 9.1 d)]
6 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
5.4.4 Young’s modulus
5.4.4.1 The determination of compliance with the requirement for Type 5 materials
Refer to classification Type stated in 9.1 b).
If the results for the four, five or six of the set of six specimens in the first series of tests, which meet the
requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and the percentage elongation after
fracture, also meet the requirement for Young’s modulus, the metallic material complies with the requirement
for Young’s modulus.
If two or fewer of the results for the first set of six specimens in the first series of tests, which meet the
requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and the percentage elongation after
fracture, meet the requirement for Young’s modulus, the metallic material fails to comply with the requirement
for Young’s modulus.
NOTE 1 Two lots of six specimens are produced (see 7.3.1). One of these lots is tested in the first test series. If
required, replacement specimens are drawn from the second lot and used in the first test series. The remaining specimens
in the second lot form the second test series.
NOTE 2 In this context, the number six for the set is reached when the number of specimens tested in the first test
series less those rejected after post fracture examination (8.3.2) is six, (i.e. replacement specimens are included in the
total).
If three or four specimens in the first lot of six specimens are rejected on the basis of 8.3.2 and replaced with
specimens from the second lot, all twelve specimens shall be tested. If at least eight results of the specimens,
that meet the requirement for proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and the requirement for
elongation fracture, also meet the requirement for Young’s modulus, the metallic material complies with the
requirement.
If three of the results for the first set of six specimens in the first series of tests that meet the requirement for
proof strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and the percentage elongation after fracture have values of
Young’s modulus which meet the requirement, all remaining specimens shall be tested in a second series of
tests. If five or six of the results from these remaining specimens have values for Young’s modulus, proof
strength of 0,2 % non-proportional extension and the percentage elongation after fracture which meet the
requirements, the metallic material complies with the requirement for Young’s modulus. Otherwise, the
metallic material fails to comply with the requirement for Young’s modulus.
NOTE 3 Under this compliance criterion, if one specimen in the first lot has been rejected on the basis of inspection
after fracture (8.3.2) during the first test series and a specimen from the second lot used as its replacement, then all five
remaining specimens in the second lot shall meet the requirement. N.B. Only one replacement is possible for a borderline
metallic material.
5.4.4.2 Mean value
The mean value of the Young’s modulus shall not differ by more than ± 10 % of the value stated in the
literature accompanying the package [see 9.1 e)].
5.5 Density
The density of the metallic material shall not differ by more than ± 5 % of the value stated in the literature
accompanying the package [see 9.1 f)].
5.6 Corrosion resistance for material integrity
The total metal ion release from the metallic material into the specified solution (see 8.5.4) at (37 ± 1) °C in a

−2
time period of (7,0 ± 0,1) d shall not exceed 200 µg cm when tested according to 8.5.
ISO 22674:2006(E)
This requirement shall be met by the metallic material after the recommended processing techniques (e.g.,
casting, bench-cooling, machining) and after the ceramic firing schedule (if appropriate) have been applied. A
metallic material recommended for use either with or without a ceramic veneer shall meet this requirement in
both metallurgical conditions.
5.7 Tarnish resistance
This requirement shall apply only if a claim is made in the “Information” in the literature that accompanies the
package that the product is “tarnish-resistant”.
After exposure to the specified tarnishing environment (specified in 8.6), if there is no more than a very minor
colour change and the products of tarnish are easy to remove by gentle rubbing or brushing the alloy may be
described in the literature accompanying the package as “tarnish-resistant” [see 9.1 g)].
This requirement shall be met by the metallic material after the recommended processing techniques (e.g.,
casting, bench-cooling, machining) and after the ceramic firing schedule (if appropriate) have been applied. A
metallic material recommended for use either with or without a ceramic veneer shall meet this requirement in
both metallurgical conditions.
5.8 Solidus and liquidus temperatures (for alloy) or melting point (for commercially pure
metal)
For an alloy with a solidus temperature less than or equal to 1 200 °C, the solidus and liquidus temperatures
shall not differ by more than ± 20 °C from the value stated on the literature accompanying the package
[see 9.1 h)].
For an alloy with a solidus temperature above 1 200 °C, the solidus and liquidus temperatures shall not differ
by more than ± 50 °C from the value stated on the literature accompanying the package [see 9.1 h)].
For a commercially pure metal the melting point shall not differ by more than ± 20 °C if it is below or equal to
1 200 °C and by more than ± 50 °C if it is above 1 200 °C.
5.9 Thermal expansion coefficient
This requirement shall apply only to a metallic material intended for use in a metal-ceramic restoration.
−6 −1
The coefficient of linear expansion of the metallic material shall not differ by more than 0,5 × 10 K from the
value stated on the literature accompanying the package [see 9.1 i)].
NOTE The measured value for the coefficient of linear expansion is compared with the manufacturer’s value for
quality control. Compliance with this requirement cannot provide an assurance that the alloy and any particular ceramic
are compatible.
5.10 Information, instructions and marking
All the requirements specified in Clauses 9 and 10 shall be present and correct. If detailed instructions or
recommendations are required, these shall be adequate to fulfil their purpose.
6 Sampling
The sample shall be adequate to prepare the specimens required in 7.3 and shall be from one lot. Further
samples and packaging materials shall be made available for inspection in accordance with 8.1.
8 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
7 Preparation of test specimens
7.1 General
Prepare all test specimens following the manufacturer’s instructions for use, as detailed in 9.2.
If the test specimens are cast, carefully separate the sprues and remove any casting beads, fins, etc.
Replace any test specimens that have visible defects.
7.2 Heat-treatment
7.2.1 General
Test the metallic material against the requirements when it is in the metallurgical condition(s) appropriate to its
intended application(s).
7.2.2 Metallic materials for which heat treatment is recommended in the manufacturer’s instructions
for use
If heat treatment is recommended by the manufacturer [see 9.2 c)], perform the tests in the heat-treated
condition in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions for use.
7.2.3 Metallic material for metal-ceramic restorations
Test after the following simulated ceramic-firing schedule has been applied.
Simulate the oxidation procedure and four ceramic firings at the highest temperature allowed for ceramics
recommended for fusing to the metallic material [in accordance with 9.1 k)]. Remove and place the specimens
on a ceramic plate (which is at room temperature) to cool to room temperature after each of the oxidation and
ceramic firing simulations.
If the product is also recommended for use without application of a ceramic veneer, test with the metallic
material in the condition given in 7.2.2 or 7.2.4, as appropriate.
7.2.4 Metallic materials for which no heat treatment is recommended in the manufacturer’s
instructions for use
Test in the processed condition.
For casting metallic materials the appropriate condition is the bench-cooled state.
7.3 Specimens
7.3.1 Mechanical properties
7.3.1.1 Metallic materials for which production of conventional specimens is possible
Prepare two lots of six specimens that comply with Figure 1 or Figure 2, formed, finished and heat-treated in
accordance with 7.1 and 7.2.
If the product is intended for use both with and without a ceramic veneer, four sets of six specimens are
required, two treated in accordance with 7.2.3 and the two others to be treated in accordance with 7.2.2 or
7.2.4 (as applicable).
ISO 22674:2006(E)
Test specimens normally require no further finishing after the treatment described in 7.1 and 7.2. If, however,
cast specimens are machined instead of polished according to the instructions for use [see 9.2 a)], record this.
Add fine marks or scribe lines to define the ends of the gauge length.
Dimensions in millimetres
a
Gauge length.
b
Parallel section of test specimen.
Figure 1 — Test specimen with conical shoulders

Dimensions in millimetres
a
Gauge length.
b
Parallel section of test specimen.
Figure 2 — Test specimen with radial shoulders
7.3.1.2 Type 0 metallic materials for which the production of conventional specimens is not
possible
See Annex A for guidance on metallic materials or semi-finished products for which the processing techniques
do not allow the formation of test specimens with the shape and dimensions shown in Figures 1 or 2.
7.3.2 Density measurement
Use material taken from retail packages, without further processing, provided it be free from pores.
10 © ISO 2006 – All rights reserved

ISO 22674:2006(E)
Otherwise, process the material according to the manufacturer’s instructions for use, given in 9.2, if possible
to a regular shape and geometry for the test specimens (e.g., rod). With irregularly shaped material choose
pieces on which all parts of the external surfaces are visible.
7.3.3 Corrosion resistance
Prepare two rectangular plate specimens with dimensions of approximately 34 mm × 13 mm × 1,5 mm,
formed, finished and heat-treated in accordance with 7.1 and 7.2. Polish to the finish specified by the
manufacturer according to 9.2 a).
If the processing technique or material itself does not allow the production of test specimens with a
rectangular shape and dimensions 34 mm × 13 mm × 1,5 mm, prepare two specimen samples which provide
approximately the same surface area (10,2 cm ).
For semi-finished products, prepare two samples that have approximately the same surface area (10,2 cm ).
These samples are not restricted to the rectangular plate geometry.
If the product is intended for use both with and without a ceramic veneer, two sets of two specimens are
required, one to be treated in accordance with 7.2.3 and the other to be treated in accordance with 7.2.2 or
7.2.4 (as applicable).
7.3.4 Linear thermal expansion
Prepare two rod or bar shaped specimens with a cross-sectional shape and length appropriate to the
dilatometer to be used, and a cross-sectional area no greater than 30 mm . Form, finish and heat treat the
specimens in accordance with 7.1 and 7.2.
7.3.5 Tarnish resistance
To test for tarnish resistance in accordance with 8.6, prepare two disc specimens with dimensions of
(10 ± 1) mm diameter × (0,5 ± 0,1) mm thickness, formed, finished and heat-treated in accordance with 7.1
and 7.2.
If the product is intended for use both with and without a ceramic veneer, two sets of two specimens are
required, one to be treated in accordance with 7.2.3 and the other to be treated in accordance with 7.2.2 or
7.2.4 (as applicable).
8 Test methods
8.1 Information, instructions and marking
Visually inspect to check that the requirements specified in Clauses 9 and 10 have been met.
8.2 Chemical composition
Analyse quantitatively for all elements that are declared in accordance with 9.1 a). Use analytical procedures
with an accuracy and sensitivity that will produce a value accurate to 0,1 % (mass fraction) for elements that
are present in excess of 0,1 % (mass fraction) and to 0,01 % (mass fraction) for nickel in excess of 0,1 %
(mass fraction), if applicable. Record the method used for each element. Record and report the mass fraction
of each element as a percentage.
Analyse quantitatively for beryllium, cadmium and nickel [if nickel is not listed in 9.1 a)]. Use analytical
procedures with an accuracy and sensitivity that will produce a value accurate to 0,01 % (mass fraction).
Record the method used for each element and its concentration in the alloy as a % (mass fraction). If the
cadmium and beryllium contents are less than the permitted limit (5.2.2) and that for nickel is less than 0,1%
(mass fraction) (5.2.3) report each as “not present”.
ISO 22674:2006(E)
If any element that is not a declared element [see 9.1 a)] or a hazardous element is detected and present in a
concentrati
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