EN ISO 16948:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2015
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SIST EN 15104:2011
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Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO
16948:2015)
Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff
und Stickstoff - Instrumentelle Verfahren (ISO 16948:2015)
Biocarburants solides - Détermination de la teneur totale en carbone, hydrogène et azote
(ISO 16948:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16948:2015
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16948
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2015
ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes EN 15104:2011
English Version
Solid biofuels - Determination of total content of carbon,
hydrogen and nitrogen (ISO 16948:2015)
Biocombustibles solides - Détermination de la teneur totale Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Bestimmung des
en carbone, hydrogène et azote (ISO 16948:2015) Gesamtgehaltes an Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff und Stickstoff
- Instrumentelle Verfahren (ISO 16948:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 January 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16948:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16948:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 "Solid biofuels"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15104:2011.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16948:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16948:2015 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16948
First edition
2015-05-15
Solid biofuels — Determination of
total content of carbon, hydrogen and
nitrogen
Biocombustibles solides — Détermination de la teneur totale en
carbone, hydrogène et azote
Reference number
ISO 16948:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 16948:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
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the requester.
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copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16948:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents and calibration substances . 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Carrier gas . 2
5.3 Oxygen . 2
5.4 Additional reagents . 2
5.5 Calibration substances . 2
5.6 Use of Certified Reference Materials (CRM or SRM) . 3
6 Apparatus . 3
7 Preparation of the test sample . 4
8 Procedure. 4
8.1 Preparation of the test portion . 4
8.2 Calibration of the apparatus . 4
8.3 Analysis of test samples . 4
9 Expression of results . 5
10 Performance characteristics . 5
11 Test report . 5
Annex A (informative) Performance data . 7
Bibliography . 9
ISO 16948:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.
For the purposes of research on instrumental methods for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen
and nitrogen contents in solid biofuels standards, users are encouraged to share their views on
ISO 16948:2015 and their priorities for changes to future editions of the document. Click on the link
below to take part in the online survey:
ISO 16948 online survey
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 16948:2015(E)
Introduction
Instrumental methods for the analysis of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen are now in widespread and
in regular use, often in preference to formerly developed chemical methods for which International
Standards exist.
The reliable determination of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen is important for quality control and the
results can be used as input parameters for calculations applied to the combustion of solid biofuels. The
environmental importance of the nitrogen content is linked to emissions of NO (formation of fuel NO ).
x x
Hydrogen content is important for calculation of the net calorific value. Carbon content is required for
the determination of CO -emissions.
It is recognized that the Kjeldahl method is most reliable for determining nitrogen contents with a
concentration lower than 0,1 %. Possible suitable methods are summarized in the bibliography.
INTERNATIONA
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