EN 13422:2004+A1:2009

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Straßenverkehrszeichen (vertikal) - Transportable Straßenverkehrszeichen - Leitkegel und Leitzylinder (einschließlich Erstprüfung und werkseigener Produktionskontrolle) - Änderung 1Signalisation routière vertical - Signaux temporaires - Dispositifs coniques et balises de signalisationVertical road signs - Portable deformable warning devices and delineators - Portable road traffic signs - Cones and cylinders93.080.30Cestna oprema in pomožne napraveRoad equipment and installationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13422:2004+A1:2009SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009en01-junij-2009SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13422:2004+A1
April 2009 ICS 93.080.30 Supersedes EN 13422:2004English Version
Vertical road signs - Portable deformable warning devices and delineators - Portable road traffic signs - Cones and cylinders
Signalisation routière vertical - Signaux temporaires - Dispositifs coniques et balises de signalisation
Straßenverkehrszeichen (vertikal) - Transportable Straßenverkehrszeichen - Leitkegel und Leitzylinder (einschließlich Erstprüfung und werkseigener Produktionskontrolle) - Änderung 1 This European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2004 and includes Amendment 1 approved by CEN on 5 March 2009.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2009 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13422:2004+A1:2009: ESIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

Technical documentation for ITT . 37 Annex B (informative)
Examples of test forms to register the results of a conformity review . 38 Annex C (informative)
Environmental considerations . 45 Bibliography . 46
!". According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope This document specifies requirements for new traffic cones and new traffic cylinders with retroreflective properties.
This document specifies minimum essential visual and physical performance characteristics; test methods for determination of product performance and the means by which this performance may be communicated to the user and the public including safety enforcement agencies.
The document provides a series of categories or classes by which a traffic cone or traffic cylinder may be specified for use in different applications in accordance with best practice.
In the case of physical properties, performance levels and indicative tests are provided for cold weather, stability, and impact resistance when dropped. Requirements for visual recognition properties, colour, retroreflectivity and luminance are provided.
All of the tests contained in this document already exist in one or more national technical standard(s) of Member State(s), or in legislative requirement(s) or code(s) of practice of Member State(s).
Provision for identification and marking to declared levels of performance is provided.
There are other product shapes which perform similar functions. This document does not cover devices made in other shapes, or which do not meet the design requirements of this document. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. !EN 12767, Passive safety of support structures for road equipment – Requirements, classification and test methods" !EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC 17025:2005)" ISO 4:1997, Information and documentation — Rules for the abbreviation of title words and titles of publications !CIE 15, Colorimetry" CIE 17.4:1987, International lighting vocabulary CIE 54.2:2001, Retroreflection — Definition and measurement 3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions together with the symbols and abbreviations given in ISO 4:1997 apply. The photometric definitions given in CIE 17.4:1997 together with the following apply.
3.1 traffic cone three dimensional device of conical shape comprising one or more parts including a base plate, cone body and a retroreflective surface or surfaces SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

parts of the cylinder body are retroreflective 3.10 retroreflective surface(s) part (or those parts) of a traffic cone or traffic cylinder fixed to the cone body or cylinder body which are retroreflective according to the requirements of this document 3.11 height (H) traffic Cone - the vertical distance between the support surface and the top of the traffic cone traffic Cylinder - the vertical distance between the top of the cylinder body and the lowest extremity of the cylinder body
3.12 batch amount of product manufactured as one complete operation as defined by the manufacturer in its FPC system manual !deleted text"
3.13 production identification code code that will be defined by the manufacturer of the retroreflective sheeting in order to achieve traceability
3.15 sample construction representing parts of the product or its constituents in original materials prepared by the manufacturer and submitted to the ITT procedure
3.16 reference sample sample as defined in 3.3 to be retained in order to be able to repeat the ITT procedure in case of disagreements
3.17 manufacturer responsible body in the framework of this document
3.18 supplier producer of components for use in the product
3.19
product families products that are related in such a way that testing of one of the products covers all of the products from a product family
3.20 !!!!independent certification body
body authorized to test the product and selected by the manufacturer to undertake the Initial type testing, Initial inspection of the factory and of the Factory production control (FPC), and the continuous surveillance, assessment and approval of the FPC and which operates in accordance with the requirements of EN ISO/IEC 17025"
4 Design, dimensions and tolerances 4.1 Traffic cones 4.1.1 Design of traffic cones 4.1.1.1 Shape of traffic cones There shall be 2 shape classes for traffic cones (S1 and S2).
Class S1 - The angle between the sides of the cone body and the cone's vertical axis shall be (10 ± 2,5)º for at least the uppermost 75 % H of the traffic cone. The lower 25 % H of the traffic cone above the base plate may have an increased angle between the sides of the body and the traffic cone's vertical axis of between 7,5º and 14,5º.
Class S2 - The angle between the sides of the cone body and the cone's vertical axis shall be (10 ± 2,5)º for at least the uppermost 75 % H of the traffic cone. The lower 25 % H of the traffic cone above the base plate may have an increased angle between the sides of the body and the traffic cone's vertical axis of between 7,5º and 45º. SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

4.1.1.2 Shape of base plate for traffic cones The base plate shall have a minimum of 4 and not more than 8 sides. 4.1.2 Dimensions of traffic cones 4.1.2.1 General !Traffic cones shall conform to Table 1 and shall be assigned according to weight class (W) of Table 1 achieved. (The nominal height of the traffic cone and the weight class required are to be specified by the purchaser). Table 1 — Height of traffic cones and minimum weight – (W) Nominal Minimum weight (W)Height (H)In kgin mm Class W1Class W2Class W3 ≥ 900 < 1 000 4,806,007,50 ≥ 750 <
900 3,204,005,00 ≥ 500 <
750 1,301,902,50 ≥ 450 <
500 1,101,801,90 ≥ 300 <
450 0,800,800,80 """" 4.1.2.2 Stacked height of traffic cones The overall height of two identical traffic cones, when stacked one upon the other, shall not exceed 1,2 H of each individual traffic cone. Traffic cones shall be designed to ensure that, when stacked, they do not bind together, nor damage the retroreflective surface(s). 4.1.2.3 Top of body of traffic cones The external diameter of the top of the cone body shall be (60 ± 15) mm. The top of the cone body shall have a circular hole provided in its upper surface. The hole shall have a diameter of (40 ± 5) mm. The area of the cone body immediately below the top of the traffic cone may have a configuration to provide a hand grip. This area need not be retroreflective and shall not exceed the greater height of either 0,1 H or 60 mm measured from the top. 4.1.2.4 Base plate of traffic cones When the thickness of the outer edge of the base plate exceeds 15 mm, its plan area shall be contained within a circle whose diameter is 0,75 H of the traffic cone. When the thickness of the outer edge of the base plate is 15 mm or less, the plan area of the base plate shall be contained within a circle whose diameter is 0,9 H of the traffic cone. 4.2 Traffic cylinders 4.2.1 Design of traffic cylinders 4.2.1.1 Shape of traffic cylinder Traffic cylinders shall have substantially parallel sides. The lowest 100 mm portion of the cylinder body may be of a different diameter to the portion above 100 mm from the support surface and need not be substantially parallel. A means for drainage of any water entering the traffic cylinder shall be provided. SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

Table 2 — Chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance factors: Retroreflective surfaces Colour 1 2 3 4 Luminance factor ββββ
x y x y x y x y LA LB LC LD White 0,355 0,355 0,305 0,305 0,285 0,325 0,335 0,375 ≥ 0.35 ≥ 0.27 ≥ 0.20 ≥ 0.10 Red 0,735 0,265 0,674 0,236 0,569 0,341 0,655 0,345 ≥ 0,03 ≥ 0,03 ≥ 0,03 ≥ 0,03 Yellow 0,545 0,454 0,487 0,423 0,427 0,483 0,465 0,534 ≥ 0,16 ≥ 0,16 ≥ 0,16 ≥ 0,16 Blue 0,078 0,171 0,150 0,220 0,210 0,160 0,137 0,038 ≥ 0,01 ≥ 0,01 ≥ 0,01 ≥ 0,01
(Ref. CIE Publication 39.2 surface colours for visual signalling)
6.1.2.2 Daylight appearance of non-retroreflective surfaces When tested in accordance with 7.2 the chromaticity and luminance factor β of the exterior surfaces of the cone body of Category A and B traffic cones and the exterior surface of Category A and B traffic cylinders shall conform to Table 3.A. The interior surface of the cone body of Category A and B traffic cones shall conform to Table 3.B.
factor ββββ
x y x y x y x y
Red 0,690 0,310 0,575 0,316 0,521 0,371 0,610 0,390 > 0,11 Yellow 0,522 0,477 0,470 0,440 0,427 0,483 0,465 0,534 > 0,45
Table 3.B — Chromaticity co-ordinates and luminance factors: Non-retroreflective interior surfaces Colour 1 2 3 4 Luminance
factor ββββ
x y x y x y x y
Red 0,690 0,310 0,575 0,316 0,521 0,371 0,610 0,390 > 0,11 Yellow 0,522 0,477 0,470 0,440 0,427 0,483 0,465 0,534 > 0,45 Any other colour No performance determined
6.1.2.3 Coefficient of retroreflection R' for night time appearance The minimum initial coefficient of retroreflection R' (cd.lx-1.m-2) for traffic cones and traffic cylinders, when measured in accordance with 7.3.1, shall conform to either Table 4.A or Table 4.B. The traffic cone or traffic cylinder shall be classified either R1A or R2A for Table 4.A or R1B or R2B for
Table 4.B. Both classifications may be used if the requirements of both Tables 4A and 4B are met.
Table 4.A — Coefficient of retroreflection R' (cd.lx-1m-2) αααα ββββ1(ββββ2=0) Class R1A Class R2A
White Yellow Red Blue White Yellow Red Blue 12' +5 70 50 14.5 4.0 250 170 45 20
+30 30 22
6 1,7 150 100 25 11
+40 10
2 0,5 110 70 15 8 20' +5 50 35 10
2 180 120 25 14
+30 24 16
1 100
70 14
+40
6 1,8
# 95
60 13
7 2º +5
3 1,0
#
1 0,2
+30 2,5 1,5 0,5
# 2,5 1,5 0,4
#
+40 1,5 1,0 0,5
# 1,5 1,0 0,3
# # indicates “Value greater than zero but not significant or applicable”.
White Yellow Red Blue White Yellow Red Blue 12' +5 70 50 14,5 4,0 250 170 45 20
+15 55 35 10 3,0 200 120 30 15
+40 10
2 0,5 110 70 15
8 20' +5 50 35 10
2 180 120 25 14
+15 45 20
2 150 80 20 10
+40
6 1,8
# 95 60 13
7 1º +5
3 1,5 0,6 20 12
+15
1 0,3 15
8 1,5 0,7
+40 1,5 0,5 0,3 0,1
3 1,0 0,5 # indicates “Value greater than zero but not significant or applicable”.
6.1.2.4 Further requirements for coefficient of retroreflection R' of retroreflective surfaces The minimum coefficient of retroreflection R' for the retroreflective surfaces of Category A traffic cones or traffic cylinders when measured in accordance with 7.3.2 shall conform to Table 5.
Table 5 — Minimum values for the Coefficient of Retroreflection R' (cd.lx-1.m-2) Obsv. Angle α Class R3 Class R4 White Yellow Red Blue White Yellow Red Blue 12' 60 55 15 10 220 185 40 24 20' 45 45 12 6 130 120 25 15 2º 2,5 1,8 0,6 0,5 2,5 2 0,6 0,4
6.1.2.5 Relative distribution of retroreflective performance (day and night visual conformity for Category A Traffic cones and Traffic cylinders) The retroreflective surface(s) of Category A traffic cones and traffic cylinders shall fall within the "Required performance" area of Figure 1 when tested in accordance with 7.3.3.
Inadmissible Performance 2
Required Performance Figure 1 — Relative distribution 6.1.2.6 Performance of retroreflective surfaces in wet conditions Retroreflective surface(s) applied to either traffic cones or traffic cylinders shall be tested in accordance with 7.7. The R' values determined shall comply with Table 6 as appropriate. Table 6 — Coefficient of retroreflection R' in wet conditions (cd.lx-1.m-2) Performance Class Performance Level WT 1 ≥ 70 % of the values in Table 4.A and 4.B, as appropriate WT 0 No Performance Determined NOTE
Class "WT 0" is intended for traffic cones and cylinders where this requirement is not relevant.
6.2 Physical performance 6.2.1 Stability of traffic cones Traffic cones of H > 300 mm or greater shall comply with the requirements of Table 7 when tested in accordance with !7.4".
900 7,49,3 > 500 ≤
750 67> 450 ≤
500 56> 300 ≤
450 56
6.2.2 Drop resistance of traffic cones Traffic cones shall satisfy the tests described in 7.6. 6.2.3 Adhesion of retroreflective surfaces Retroreflective materials applied to traffic cones and traffic cylinders shall satisfy the tests described in 7.8. 6.2.4 Continuity of retroreflective surfaces Where technical considerations require breaks in retroreflective surfaces, such breaks in the case of Category A traffic cones and traffic cylinders shall not exceed 5 mm in width for breaks in the vertical axis and 2 mm in the horizontal axis, and in the case of Category B traffic cones and traffic cylinders 10 mm in the vertical axis and 6 mm in the horizontal axis. 6.2.5 Resistance to damage at low temperatures Traffic cones and traffic cylinders shall satisfy the tests described in 7.5. During this test, no part of the cone body or cylinder body or retroreflective surface material shall tear, break or be destroyed. The traffic cone body or cylinder body shall recover its original form after the impact. After the impact the R (CIL) of the retroreflective area(s) shall be no lower than 80 % of the original R (CIL).value(s). All deviations from the requirements shall be listed in the report together with the percentage(s) of the coefficient of retroreflection change(s) resulting from the impact(s). 6.2.6 Resistance to bending - traffic cylinders When tested in accordance with 7.9 traffic cylinders shall not crack, fracture or split and the traffic cylinder shall return to its nominal shape within 1 min of completion of test. 6.2.7 Resistance to fatigue of traffic cylinders When tested in accordance with 7.10 traffic cylinders shall not crack, fracture or split and the traffic cylinder shall return to its nominal shape within 1 minute of completion of test. A residual deflection at the top of the traffic cylinder, measured in any horizontal direction shall not exceed 7 % H. SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

7.3 Photometric tests 7.3.1 Determination of minimum initial coefficient of retroreflection R' The measurement of the minimum initial coefficient of retroreflection R' shall be made using CIE illuminant A in accordance with the procedures defined in CIE 54.2:2001. The test measurements shall be performed on a production representative sample of retroreflective material measuring an area of at least 30 cm2 mounted according to the manufacturer's instructions onto a flat support sheet. 7.3.2 Determination of coefficient of retroreflective performance R' for retroreflective traffic cones or traffic cylinders The coefficient of retroreflection R' shall be measured using the apparatus shown in Figure 2. The traffic cone or traffic cylinder to be tested shall be a representative manufacturing sample and which is mounted on a support such that, in the case of a traffic cone, the base plate is aligned horizontally. In the case of a traffic cylinder, the cylinder body shall be secured in a vertical position in the manner required by the manufacturer.
Key
Test Traffic Cone 4
Support for cone 2
Photometer Le 5
Masked Area 3
Light Source Li
Figure 2 — Side view of the equipment for testing the coefficient of retroreflection The distance between the test sample traffic cone or traffic cylinder and the photometer Le shall be not less than 10 m. The photometer Le shall have an aperture of between 2' and 6', and the aperture of the light source shall not exceed 10'. Using the method described in CIE 54.2:2001 with a masking arrangement as shown in Figure 2, values of R' are established using the following calculations: The light source Li illuminates the test sample traffic cone or cylinder. The luminous intensity of the retro-reflective surface of the traffic cone or traffic cylinder is to be measured at observation angle α. The test sample traffic cone or traffic cylinder is then removed and the illuminance strength E⊥ is measured perpendicular to the incident light. Areas of active retroreflecting surface to be the orthogonal projection of a suitably masked area (circular) on the traffic cone A. Therefore: AER'⊥= (cd.1x-1.m-2) (1) Values of R' shall be determined for each colour present and only one colour shall be included at any time within the field of observation of the luminance meter. If a luminance meter is used instead of a photometer (Le in Figure 2), the coefficient of retroreflection R' is calculated using the equation 2: ⊥°+=E)10cos(.LR' (2) where the luminance value L is expressed in cd.m -2 and where the illuminance E⊥ is expressed in lx, the results are expressed in cd.1x-1m -2. In this case, a masked area is not necessary. 7.3.3 Determination of relative distribution of retroreflective performance Using the same method described in 7.3.2 and apparatus shown in Figure 2, the mask is moved in ten steps (1 to 10) from the vertical centre line of the retroreflective surface of the traffic cone or traffic SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

Side Elevation Key
Test traffic cone 3
Light source 2
Luminance meter .
Observation angle
Brel134 Plan Key
1 Turning point 4 Luminance meter 3 Turning area for luminance meter
Figure 3
- Equipment for determining the relative distribution of retroreflective performance The relative distribution of retroreflective performance is calculated by expressing the values of (C.I.L.) readings 1 to 10 as a percentage of reading 0 taken on the vertical centre line. The results shall be compared to Figure 1. C.I.L. values shall be taken for each colour present and readings shall be taken so that only one colour is included in the field of observation at any one time. If instead of a photometer a luminance meter is used (Le in Figure 3), the luminance meter may be rotated in the horizontal plane so that its field of observation may be altered from the vertical centre line of the traffic cone or traffic cylinder to either the left or right edge of the traffic cone or traffic cylinder in at least 10 stages. The fields of individual observation may overlap. 11 readings of luminance (Lrel) shall be taken, commencing with a reading on the vertical centre line (Brel = 0)
and ending with a reading at the outer edge of the retroreflective material (Brel = 10). Lrel values shall be calculated using the formula: 0%100)101101relrelrelB(BL×=−− (3) Values for Lrel shall be taken for each colour present on the traffic cone or traffic cylinder and readings shall be taken so that only one colour is included in the field of observation at any one time. SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

7.4 Test for determination of stability of traffic cones
Key
Test Cone 5
Weights 2
Cord 6
Pulley 3
Step 7
Stand 4
Reference surface
Figure 4 — Equipment for testing the stability of traffic cones The equipment illustrated in Figure 4 shall be used to determine the stability of traffic cones. The test sample shall be conditioned at (20 ± 2) °C for two h before testing. A horizontal reference surface is provided with a step having a vertical height of (12 ± 2) mm. The test sample cone is placed on the reference surface so that part of the base plate is in contact with the vertical face of the step. The equipment may employ a pulley system and weight as illustrated or a calibrated force meter as suitable. In both cases, movement of the top of the traffic cone of at least 1,5 H of the test sample shall be provided in the arrangement. A horizontal force as given in Tables 1 or 7 is applied to the top of the traffic cone parallel to the reference surface. The force exerted shall be appropriate to the weight class of the test sample according to Tables 1 and 6. The test sample shall not be overturned under the application of the appropriate force, (tolerance ± 1 N). If movement of the traffic cone occurs, the traffic cone shall reach equilibrium with the force applied being sustained and after removal of the applied force, the cone shall return to its original position unaided. The cone shall be rotated around its vertical axis and the position of least stability shall be determined. 7.5 Low temperature impact resistance test The equipment shown in Figure 5 shall be used for testing the resistance to low temperature impacts. Traffic cones and traffic cylinders shall be conditioned for a minimum of 2 h at the required temperatures and the test completed within one minute of removing the traffic cone or traffic cylinder from its conditioning environment. The steel ball shall be suspended on two wires having suspension points at least 1m apart to prevent twisting. The wires shall have a maximum thickness of 1 mm and the ball shall have a mass of SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

Key 1
Central point of pendulum 4
Wire pendulum2
Contact point 5
Traffic cone/traffic cylinder on the support3
Steel ball 6
Reference surfaceFigure 5 — Equipment for low temperature impact test Before the impact test, the position of the highest R (CIL) at the height of the intended impact point is to be found by turning the test sample round its vertical axis using the equipment described in 7.3.2.
Then the test sample conditioned at a temperature of –(18 ± 2) °C is to be secured on the test area in such a way that the steel ball of the test equipment will strike the test sample in the area where the highest coefficient of retroreflection was found. The steel ball is to be released from its highest point. The test shall be performed separately on each colour present in the retroreflective surfaces. 7.6 Drop test for traffic cones The drop test shall be performed on test samples conditioned at a temperature of (32 ± 2) °C and at
-(18 ± 2° °C. Traffic cones shall be conditioned for a minimum of 2 h and the test completed within one minute of removing the traffic cone from its conditioning environment. The test sample shall be suspended with its vertical axis horizontal. The lowest part of the test sample in this position shall be (1 500 ± 5) mm above a fixed horizontal reference surface. After dropping the traffic cone from the horizontal rest position, no part of the traffic cone, including any ballast, shall burst, break or become separated or displaced on impact with the reference surface.
This particularly concerns any ballast. Any changes in the test sample shall be recorded in the test report. SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

Nozzle 4
Test specimen 2
31 holes ∅ 0,95 mm spaced at 6 mm centres5
Photometric measurement 3
Water hose Figure 6 — Test arrangements for measurement of coefficient of retroreflection of wet retroreflective samples SIST EN 13422:2005+A1:2009

7.8 Test for adhesion of retroreflective surface(s) of traffic cones and traffic cylinders 7.8.1 Apparatus - laboratory scalpel. 7.8.2 Method - Make a vertical cut through the retroreflective surface to the cone or cylinder body, passing top to bottom, the entire length of the retroreflective surface. On completion of the cut, no part of the retroreflective material in immediate contact with the body of the traffic cone or traffic cylinder shall become separated from the body by a distance greater than 25 mm from the cut line. Similarly, where the retroreflective material is composed of more than one layer, no secondary layer shall become separated from the layer in immediate contact with the body by a distance greater than 25 mm from the cut line. All measurements shall be recorded and deviations listed in the test report. 7.9 Bending test for traffic cylinders 7.9.1 Apparatus A solid, horizontal surface. 7.9.2 Test method Test traffic cylinders shall have retroreflective portion(s) in place. Condition the test traffic cylinder and its fixing socket for at least 2 h at -(18 ± 2) °C. Using the fixing socket, fix the traffic cylinder to the solid, horizontal reference surface in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for the particular type of traffic cylinder and fixing socket under test. Within 1 minute of completion of conditioning, bend the traffic cylinder over so that its top touches the horizontal reference surface. When the top touches the horizontal reference surface, remove the bending force immediately. Apply the bending force once in each of three directions approximately 120° apart in plan, as illustrated in Figure 7. NOTE It may be necessary to apply bending force at a position below H/2 to ensure that the traffic cylinder will touch the horizontal reference surface. Repeat the above procedure after conditioning the test traffic cylinder for at least 2 h at a temperature of (32 ± 2) °C. 5 min after completion, measure the maximum residua
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