CEN/TR 16676:2014

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16676:2014
01-junij-2014
Energijske izgube pri vratih v industrijske prostore
Energy losses by industrial door
Energieverluste durch Industrietore
Perte d'énergie par les portes industrielles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16676
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16676:2014 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16676:2014
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16676:2014
TECHNICAL REPORT
FINAL DRAFT
FprCEN/TR 16676
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
March 2014
ICS 91.060.50
English Version
Energy losses by industrial door
Perte d'énergie par les portes industrielles Energieverluste durch Industrietore

This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the Technical
Committee CEN/TC 33.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16676:2014 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16676:2014
FprCEN/TR 16676:2014 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Simplified calculation basis .5
3.1 Heat transmission with closed door by temperature difference .5
3.2 Air leakage with closed door by wind .6
3.3 Air leakage with closed door by chimney .7
3.4 Infiltration with door open (by wind).8
4 Results . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Local/metrological data . 10
4.3 Building/doors data (dimensions). 11
4.4 Building data (intended use) . 11
5 Results for heat transmission . 13
6 Results for air leakage by wind . 13
7 Results for air leakage by chimney effect . 14
8 Infiltration (open door) . 15
9 Summary . 17

kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16676:2014
FprCEN/TR 16676:2014 (E)
Foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 16676:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 33 “Doors,
windows, shutters, building hardware and curtain walling”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Technical Committee Approval.
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FprCEN/TR 16676:2014 (E)
Introduction
The calculation method in EN 12428 gives a U-value in W/m · K for thermal resistance of an industrial door
used for access of vehicles accompanied by pedestrians.
With a view to energy efficiency (energy saving) it should be remembered, however, that this performance is
only achieved when the door is closed.
In practice the evidence shows that doors are left open for longer periods than is perhaps necessary or
acceptable. Therefore, it is difficult to see how reducing U-values can improve energy efficiency without
radical changes in work place practices or operation mode of the door.
1)
In keeping with the whole building approach mandated by the EPBD building designers should be working
on a whole building principle rather than an elemental basis which results in a beneficial evaluation of those
factors in the construction of the building envelope that contribute significantly to energy conservation in the
buildings use.
Therefore, it is important that building designers and specification writers should seek to:
— set achievable values for products calculated in accordance with EN 13241-1;
— consider awareness of the classification possibilities and the availability and need to implement
appropriate technologies;
— consider specifying improved power operated doors specification including appropriate control systems;
— consider changes to supporting constructions (e.g. lobbies, screens);
— consider the use of double doors (e.g. insulated external doors, rapid acting internal doors for operational
use).
There is a common misconception that energy conservation is best achieved (only) through U-value
improvements.
Due to the nonlinear shape of the U-value/thickness graph there is a danger of achieving diminishing returns
from additional thickness of doors. Up to the present time, for the U-values commonly specified for
construction in the EU, there has been an approximately linear relationship but as the move to seek lower U-
values continues this is no longer the case.
Concern has been expressed that much of this good work is wasted as long as the practice of leaving doors
open for unnecessarily long periods prevails.
Therefore, a study with a simplified calculation basis has been undertaken by CEN/TC 33/WG 5 relating to the
energy losses through doors. This Technical Report does not replace the requirements of EN 13241-1
regarding EN 12428.
For the purpose of this Technical Report the term “door” and/or “doorset” is used as a general term for
“industrial door”.
1) Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (Directive 2002/91/EC).
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1 Scope
This Technical Report gives simplified calculation relating to the energy losses through doors taking into
account:
— heat transmission with closed door by temperature difference,
— air leakage through a closed door due to wind,
— air leakage through a closed door due to a chimney effect, and
— air infiltration with a door open (due to wind).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12428, Industrial, commercial and garage doors - Thermal transmittance - Requirements for the
calculation
EN 13241-1, Industrial, commercial and garage doors and gates - Product standard - Part 1: Products without
fire resistance or smoke control characteristics
3 Simplified calculation basis
3.1 Heat transmission with closed door by temperature difference
— Heat transmission coefficient U in W/m · K is measured by notified bodies and calculated per door
configuration (according to EN 13241-1).
— Outside temperature is taken out of Table 1.
— Heat transmission is then calculated with:
H = A⋅U⋅ (T− T )
t i o
where
H is the power losses by heat transmission, in watts (W);
t
A
is the area of exposed surface, in square metres (m );
T is the inside air temperature, in Celsius (°C);
i
T
is the outside air temperature, in Celsius (°C).
o
— Energy losses per year will be calculated with:
h⋅ C ⋅ H
h t
E =
t
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FprCEN/TR 16676:2014 (E)
where
E is the energy losses per year by heat transmission, in kilogram watts per hour (kWh);
t
h is the time per day exposed to ΔT = (T – T ) (hours = heating hours);
i o
C is the amount of heating days per year, meaning inside temperature above outside temperature.
h
3.2 Air leakage with closed door by wind
2 3 2
— Connection between pressure difference P (P (N/m )) and air leakage in m /m · h is measured by
a r
notified bodies and put in a graphic.
— Wind speed is taken out of Table 1.
— Wind pressure on door is calculated with:
P= ⋅ v ⋅ρ
where
P is the wind pressure, in newtons per square metre (N/m );
v
is the wind speed, in metres per second (m/s);
ρ is the density of air, in 1 293 kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m ).
— With this wind pressure the air leakage is taken out of Figure 1.

Key
pressure difference P (P (N/m ))
X
a
3 2
Y leakage in m /m · h
Figure 1 — Air leakage
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— Air volume flow by wind pressure is calculated with:
airleakage⋅ A
Q =
v
3 600
where
3 2
air leakage is in cubic metres/square metre × hour (m /m · h);
Q is the air volume flow by wind pressure, in cubic metres/second (m /s).
v
— Power losses by air leakage is calculated with:
H = C ⋅ρ⋅ Q ⋅(T− T )
v p v i o
where
H is the power losses by air leakage, in W;
v
C
is the specific heat capacity of air, in 1 007 J/kg · K).
p
— Energy losses per year will be calculated with:
h⋅ C ⋅ C ⋅ H
h w v
E =
v
where
E is the energy losses per year by air leakage, in (kWh);
v
C is corrected because of position of the door compared to wind direction.
w
3.3 Air leakage with closed door by chimney
2 3 2
Connection between pressure difference P (P in N/m ) and air leakage, in m /m · h measured by notified
r
a
body and put in a graphic.
— Under pressure on inside of door because of chimney is calculated with:
9,81⋅(h− h )⋅ρ⋅(T− T )
nph i o
P=
(T + 273)
o
where
P is the chimney pressure, in newtons per square metre (N/m ):
h
is the height of interest (half of door height), in metres (m);
h is the neutral pressure height in building (± half of inside building height), in metres (m).
nph
— With this chimney pressure the leakage is taken out of Figure 1.
— Air volume flow by chimney is calculated with:
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airleakage⋅ A
Q =
v
3 600
where
Q is the air volume flow by chimney, in m /s.
v
— Power losses by chimney is calculated with:
H = C ⋅ρ⋅ Q ⋅(T− T )
v p v i o
where
H
is the power losses by chimney, in W.
v
— Energy losses per year will be calculated with:
h⋅ C ⋅ H
h v
E =
v
where
E is the energy losses per year by chimney, in kWh.
v
3.4 Infiltration with door open (by wind)
— Wind speed is taken out of Figure 2.
— Air volume flow by infiltration is calculated with:
Q = v⋅ A⋅ C
i
where
Q is the air volume flow by infiltration, in m /s;
i
C
is the coefficient between 0,5 – 1 depending on building conditions.
Building without air leakage C = 0,5.
Air turbulence, which will affect this figure is not taken into consideration for this calculation method.
By a total open building C = 1.
The effect of building air leakage compared to the air flow through an open door is neglectable and is not
taken into consideration for this calculation method.
— Total power flow out of the building is calculated with:
H = C ⋅ρ⋅ Q⋅(T− T )
b p i i o
where
H is the total power flow out of the building, in W.
b
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— Time needed to release the power out of the building is calculated with:
V
t =
b
Q
i
where
t is the time needed to release the power out of the building, in s;
b
V
is the volume of the building, in m .
— Building heater capacity is calculated with:
H = F ⋅V
h h
where
H is the building heater capacity, in W;
h
F is the heater factor for industrial buildings, in W/m .
h
— The heater will be activated when the building temperature is decreased by 1 °C.
Time needed to activate the heater is calculated with:
H − H
b b−1
t =
h
H ⋅ t
b b
where
H is the total power (capacity) in the building by T °C.
b-1
i
-1
H T− T
b i o
= according to Figure 1
H T − T
b−1 i−1 o
H − H ⋅(T − T )
b b i−1 o
t =
h
(T− T )⋅ H ⋅ t
i o b b
1− (T − T )
i−1 o
T = ⋅ t
h b
T− T
i o
where
t
is the time needed to activate the heater, in s.
h
— Energy losses by infiltration is calculated with:
E = E +□E
i b h
(H ⋅ t )+(H ⋅(t − t ))⋅ n⋅ C ⋅ C
b b h c h h w
E =
i
3 600
where
...