EN ISO 3170:1998

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-1999
1DIWQHWHNRþLQH±5RþQRY]RUþHQMH,62]'RSROQLORP
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170:1988, including Amendment 1:1998)
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Manuelle Probenahme (ISO 3170:1998 einschließlich
Änderung 1:1998)
Produits pétroliers liquides - Echantillonnage manuel (ISO 3170:1998), amendement
1:1998 inclus)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 3170:1998
ICS:
75.080 Naftni proizvodi na splošno Petroleum products in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ISO
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 3170
Second edition
1988-09-01
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION
ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION
MEXJJYHAPOflHAR OPTAHM3A~Mfi I-IO CTAH~APTM3A~MM
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
Produkts p6 troliers liquides - &chan tiflonnage manuel
Reference number
ISO 3170: 1988 (E)
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
Page
Contents
iv
Foreword .
V
.............................................................
Introduction
..............................................................
Scope
..................................................
Normative reference
Definitions. .
Principles. .
Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5.1 General .
..................................................
5.2 Tank Samplers
..........................................
5.3 Drum and tan Samplers
................................................
Pipeline Samplers
5.4
.....................................................
5.5 Containers
..............................................
5.6 Container closures.
.................................................
5.7 Sample coolers.
...................................................
Safety precautions
6.1 General .
......................................
6.2 Safety aspects of equipment
.........................................
6.3 Safety at sampling Points
Static electricity .
6.4
..........................................................
Procedures
....................................................
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Precautions .
International Organkation for Standardkation, 1988
Printed in Switzerland
isO3170:1988(E)
Page
Tanksampling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
7.3
7.4 Package sampling
...............................................
7.5 Pipeline sampling 20
................................................
8 Procedures for crude oils and other non-homogeneous Petroleum liquids . 20
8.1 General . 20
8.2 Procedures . 20
9 Samplehandling .
9.1 General . 21
Homogenization of samples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
9.2
9.3 Verification of mixing time
........................................
9.4 Transfer of samples
..............................................
Annex A
Bibliography. 23
Tables
1 Sampling of horizontal cylindrical tanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Samplingplans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .~.
2a Sample size code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2b Single sampling plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2c Double sampling plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 Examples of Sample positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Examples of Sample cages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Examples of weighted sampling cans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Restrictive filling devices for running Samplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
5 Example of intetface Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6 Examples of bottom Samplers and details of
opening/closing mechanism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 Deposit Sampler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
8 Example of an all-levels sampling device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Example of vapour-leck device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D . . . . . . . . . . 11
Example of sampling tube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
IO
. . .
Ill
lSO3170:1988(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International
Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern-
mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all
matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to
the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at
least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting.
International Standard ISO 3170 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28,
Petroleum produc ts and lubrican ts.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 3170 : 1975), of which it
constitutes a technical revision. lt also includes a procedure for transfer and subse-
quent handling of the Sample to ensure delivery of a representative Portion thereof into
laboratory apparatus or storage for possible reconciliation.
Annex A of this International Standard is for information only.

ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
Introduction
This International Standard should be applied in combination with ISO 3171,
Petroleum liquids - Au toma tic Pipeline sampling.
The purpose of this International Standard is to standardize conditions for obtaining a
Sample of liquid/semi-liquid hydrocarbons from a tank, drum or Pipeline. If the
hydrocarbon materials to be sampled are of non-homogeneous Character showing
significant variations in composition or containing Sediments and water, samples taken
manually should not be expected to be representative, but enable the degree of non-
homogeneity to be assessed and estimates of quality and quantity to be made.
lt is realized that in many countries some or all of the items covered by this Inter-
national Stan.dard are the subject of mandatory regulations imposed by the laws of
those countries; such regulations must be rigorously observed. In cases of conflict be-
tween such mandatory regulations and this International Standard, the former shall
prevail.
This page intentionally leff blank

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO 3170 : 1988 (EI
Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling
liquids are applied to non-homogeneous liquids having signifi-
1 Scope
cant variations in composition or containing Sediments and/or
water, the samples may not be representative.
1.1 This International Standard specifies the procedures to
be used for obtaining, by manual methods, samples of liquid
1.6 The sampling procedures specified are intended to pro-
hydrocarbons, tank residues and deposits from fixed tanks,
vide samples for the following purposes:
railcars, road vehicles, ships and barges, drums and cans, or
from liquids being pumped in pipelines (see 4.3).
a) the determination of the oil quality;
1.2 lt applies to the sampling of liquid Petroleum products,
b) the determination of the water content of the oils;
crude oils and intermediate products, which are stored in tanks
at or near atmospheric pressure, or transferred by pipelines,
c) the determination of other contaminants that are not
and are handled as liquids at temperatures from near ambient
considered to be part of the liquid transferred.
up to 100 OC.
If the sampling conditions for the purposes a), b) and c) are in
The sampling procedures specified are not intended for the
conflict, separate samples are required.
sampling of special Petroleum products which may be the sub-
ject of other International Standards, such as aviation fuels,
1.7 Sampling procedures for tank contents that are not
electrical insulating oils, liquefied Petroleum gases, liquefied
homogeneous are specified that enable the degree of non-
bitumen and Chemical products, nor to
natura1 gases,
homogeneity to be assessed and estimates of quality and quan-
unstabilized crude oils having a Reid vapour pressure above
tity to be made.
180 kPa (1,8 bar).
1.8 Procedures for the sampling of residues and deposits in
1.3
Two basic manual sampling methods are available:
tanks are included, together with techniques for liquid
hydrocarbons under inert gas pressure.
-
tank sampling;
-
Pipeline sampling.
2 Normative reference
When a batch is received or consigned, either tank or Pipeline
The following Standard contains provisions which, through
sampling, or both, may be possible. However, if both methods
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this International
are used, the two sets of samples shall not be mixed.
Standard. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was
valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to
1.4 Procedures are specified which minimize or eliminate
agreements based on this International Standard are encour-
losses of light ends from samples. Such losses tan occur
aged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent
during handling or transfer of samples thereby making them
edition of the Standard listed below. Members of IEC and ISO
non-representative of the bulk material.
maintain registers of currently valid International Standards.
1.5 If the procedures intended for obtaining representative ISO 3171 : 1980, Petroleum liquids - Automatic Pipeline
sampling.
samples of Stocks or movements of homogeneous Petroleum
ISO 3170 : 1988 (E)
types of composite Sample are obtained by combining samples
3 Definitions
in accordance with one of the following (see clause 4
and 7.3.1 J.2) :
3.1 competent person : A person who, by reason of his or
her training, experience and theoretical and practical
a) upper, middle and lower samples in equal proportions;
knowledge, is able to detect any defects or weaknesses in the
plant or equipment and to make an authoritative judgement as
b) upper, middle and suction-level samples in equal pro-
to its suitability for further use.
portions;
NOTE - This person should have suff icient authority to ensure that
the necessary action is taken following his or her recommendations. c) a series of spot samples from a non-homogeneous oil
taken at more than three levels and blended in proportion to
the quantities of oil represented;
3.2 integrity of the Sample : The condition of being com-
plete and unaltered, i.e. the Sample being preserved with the
d) individual samples from several tanks or ship’s com-
same composition as when it was taken from the bulk of the
partments proportional to the total quantity each Sample
liquid.
represents;
3.3 mixer : A device which provides a homogeneous mix-
e) a series of spot samples of equal volume obtained from
ture of the liquid within a Pipeline or Container in Order to obtain
intervals.
a flowing pipel ine taken at specified
a representative Sample.
3.8.4 representative Sample : A Sample having its physical
3.3.1 static mixer : A mixing device having no moving Parts
or Chemical characteristics identical to the volumetric average
and located within a pipe or tube. lt depends on the kinetic
characteristics of the total volume being sampled.
energy of the moving liquid for the energy required to mix the
liquid.
3.8.5 running Sample : A Sample obtained by lowering a
Container from the top of the oil to the bottom and returning it
3.4 Pipeline : Any section of pipe used for the transfer of
to the top of the oil at a Speed such that the Container is about
liquid. An unobstructed pipe does not have any internal fittings
three-quarters full when withdrawn from the Oil.
such as .a static mixer or orifice plate.
3.8.6 spot Sample : A Sample taken at a specific location in a
3.5 residues and deposits : Organic and inorganic material, tank or from a pipe at a specific time during a pumping
together with any water dispersed within it, which has
Operation.
separated from the liquid and either
3.8.7 suction-level Sample : A Sample taken at the lowest
a) fallen to the bottom of the tank containing the liquid, or
level from which liquid hydrocarbon is pumped from the tank.
In determining this level, appropriate allowance is made for any
the liquid has pumped
b) been left in the tank
fittings within the tank such as Swing-arm, suction baffle or in-
out.
ternal bend (see figure 1).
3.6 Sample conditioning : Homogenization necessary to
3.8.8 upper Sample : A Sample taken at a level of one-sixth
stabilize the Sample during Sample handling in preparation for
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (sec figure 1).
analysis.
3.8.9 middle Sample : A Sample taken at a level of one-half
3.7 Sample handling : The conditioning, transferring,
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (see figure 1).
dividing and transporting of the Sample. lt includes transferring
the Sample from the Sampler (receiver) to a Container and from
3.8.10 lower Sample : A Sample taken at a level of five-sixths
the Container to the laboratory apparatus in which it is to be
of the depth of liquid below the top surface (see figure 1).
analysed.
3.8.11 top Sample : A spot Sample obtained 150 mm below
3.8 Sample types
the top surface of the liquid (sec figure 1).
A Sample obtained with an ap-
3.8.1 all-levels Sample :
3.8.12 skim Sample (surface Sample) : A Sample taken
paratus which is filled when passed through the total liquid
from the surface of the liquid (see figure 1).
height in one direction.
38.2 bottom Sample : A spot Sample taken from the
3.9 Statistical terms
material at the bottom sut-face (floor) of a tank or Container (sec
’ figure 1).
3.9.1 AQL (acceptable quality level) : The maximum per
cent defective (or the maximum number of defects per hundred
3.8.3 composite Sample : A Sample obtained by combining
units) that, for purposes of sampling inspection, tan be con-
a number of spot samples in defined proportions so as to obtain
sidered satisfactory as a process average.
a Sample representative of the bulk of the material. The usual
ISO3170:1988(E)
X Skim Sample
- Surface of oil
x Top Sample
X
X Upper Sample
X
X
.z
X Middle Sample
C
- Metre interva I samples
Suction-level Sample
X Sample Points
Figure 1 - Examples of Sample positions
3.11 Water
3.9.2 batch : A collection of packages containing a product
of a Single type and composition and of a Single manufactured
lot, or of a Single delivery.
dissolved water : The water contained within the oil
3.11.1
forming a Solution at the prevailing temperature.
Any type of Container, such as a drum,
3.9.3 package :
barrel, peg, tan or bottle.
: One hundred times the number of 3.11.2 suspended water : The water within the oil that is
3.9.4 per cent defective
finely dispersed as small droplets.
defective units of product contained in any given quantity
of units of product divided by the total number of units of
product, i.e.:
NOTE - lt may, over a period of time, either collect as free water or
become dissolved water, depending on the conditions of temperature
number of defectives
per cent defective = x 100
and pressure prevailing.
number of units inspected
3.9.5 Sample size : The number of samples to be drawn from
3.11.3 free water : The water that exists as a separate layer
a batch to determine its acceptability as given in sampling
from the Oil, and typically lies beneath the Oil.
Plans.
3.10 ullage : For the purpose of this International Standard,
3.11.4 total water : The sum of all the dissolved, suspended
the empty capacity left in a Sample receiver/container above
and free water in a cargo or parcel of Oil.
the liquid surface, expressed as volume.
ISO 3170 : 1988 (EI
4 Principles 5.2 Tank Samplers
4.1 To ensure that samples submitted for examination are as
52.1 General
representative as possible of the oil being sampled, the
necessary precautions are given. These depend on the
The tank Samplers are classif ied according
to the type of
characteristics of the liquid, the tank, Container or Pipeline from
Sample to be drawn
which the Sample is being obtained and the nature of the tests
to be carried out on the Sample.
-
spot Sample;
-
4.2 Tank sampling is commenced when the contents of the bottom Sample;
tank are at rest. The following samples are normally taken for
-
analysis : tank deposits/residues Sample;
-
either running Sample;
-
upper, middle and lower samples, all-levels Sample.
a)
The devices shall have a cord or cable or chain of conductive,
sparkproof material attached to them for the purpose of Iower-
ing or raising them in the tank.
b) upper, middle and suction-level samples.
NOTE - The cord should be suff iciently conductive not to be capable
If tests on these samples show that the contents of the tank are
of producing static electricity
homogeneous, they may be combined in equal proportions for
further tests.
5.2.2 Spot Samplers
If the tests on these samples show that the contents of the tank
are non-homogeneous, it is necessary to draw samples from This apparatus shall be constructed so that a Sample tan be
more than three levels and either a composite Sample is taken at any specific level in a tank. The following kinds of ap-
paratus are suitable.
prepared for analysis or, if blending would impair the integrity
of the Sample, each Sample is analysed separately and the com-
Position corresponding to the composite Sample is calculated.
5.2.2.1 Sampling tage
In this calculation, allowance is made for the proportion of the
oil represented by each Sample.
This shall be a metal or plastics holder or tage, suitably con-
structed to hold the appropriate Container. The combined ap-
Other methods are
paratus shall be weighted so as to sink readily in the material to
be sampled, and Provision shall be made to fill the Container at
c) a running Sample, or
any desired level (sec figure 2).
d) an all-levels Sample.
Bottles of the appropriate dimensions are required to fit a
sampling tage. The use of a sampling tage is generally pre-
ferred to that of a weighted sampling tan for volatile products,
4.3 To obtain a representative Sample from a batch of non-
since loss of light ends is likely to occur when transferring the
homogeneous material being pumped in a Pipeline, the Sample
Sample from a weighted sampling tan to another Container.
shall be drawn using an automatic sampling device as stated in
ISO 3171. On occasions it may be necessary to take samples
NOTE - The sampling tage may be omitted if the Sample bottle is
manually. These are spot samples and may not be represen-
securely attached to a weighted Cord. The cork is also tied to the line
tative of the bulk.
about 150 mm from the neck of the bottle.
5.2.2.2 Weighted sampling tan (see figure 3)
5 Apparatus
This shall be weighted so as to sink readily in the oil to be
5.1 General
sampled. If used for obtaining upper, middle, lower or suction-
level samples, the lowering device shall be attached to the tan
All sampling devices shall be designed and constructed so as to
in such a manner that the stopper tan be opened by means of a
assure the function for which they are intended in Order to
sharp jerk. If used as a running Sampler, the special stopper
maintain the initial characteristics of the Oil. They shall be of
shown in figure 4 shall be used. In Order to avoid Problems in
sufficient strength and externally protected to withstand nor-
cleaning the tan, any weighting material shall be fixed to the
mal internal pressures likely to be generated, or provided with a
tan in such a way that it does not come into contact with the
relief valve, and sufficiently robust to withstand any handling
Sample.
that may be encountered. Their cleanliness shall be confirmed
before use.
Some sampling cans have special opening facilities, for
example devices having valves opened or closed at the desired
NOTE - Various sampling devices are described in general terms in
level by a weight falling down alongside and guided by the
5.2 to 5.7 and any essential aspects are specified. Detailed specifica-
suspending cable, or having wing or flap valves which are
tions have not been given for these items because any suitable device
of the type described may be used.
closed upon initiation of upward movement.
ISO3170:1988(E)
,-.
e
;o:
k*
I I
‘-J
,LL,
m--e.
m--m
I
liI
-I
Weighted bottle
Swivel , ?
9 , carrier (tan be
;+, 1
I I
I I fabricated to fit
I
I
I 1
.+: :I
any size of bottl
e)
*i
Examples of Sample cages
Figure 2 -
ISO3170:1988(E)
Long chain of sparkproof material
or cord attached to permit filling
handle
Tight-fitting conical cap
Reinforced
mouth
+--- Wire handle
Brazed or welded joint
* Sheet lead
Materials : brass, topper
or stainless steel
External lead weight
Figure 3 - Examples of weighted sampling cans

ISO 3170 : ‘1988 (E)
a) Screw cap with opening
b) Cork with hole bored
NOTE - The size of opening will be dependent on the viscosity of the liquid, its depth and the size of Container.
Figure 4 - Restrictive filling devices for running Samplers
5.2.2.3 Interface Sampler 5.2.3 Bottom Samplers
A tube made of glass, metal or plastics material, open at both These are receptacles which tan be Iowered to the bottom of a
ends to allow a free flow of liquid during lowering through the
tank where a valve or similar closure is opened by contact with
liquid. The closing of the lower end at the desired level may be the floor of the tank and closed on lifting (sec figure 6).
achieved by various devices :
a) a closure mechanism actuated by upward movement of
5.2.4 Residue/deposit Samplers
the Sampler;
b) a weight falling down guided by the suspending cable
5.2.4.1 Grab Sampler
(drop messenger), so as to actuate the closure mechanism.
The Sampler consists of a sturdy-walled brass casing with an in-
An interface Sampler may be used for withdrawing a spot
tegrated grasping device. The bottom of the Sampler body con-
Sample from a selected level or taking a bottom Sample to
sists of two spring-closed jaws, the mechanism of which is
detect the presence of contaminants.
released by a drop messenger. Two light plates cover the open-
ing at the top of the Sampler to prevent the Sample from being
lt shall be designed and constructed such that if lowered slowly
washed out while the Sampler is being raised out of the liquid
it tan be used to trap a vertical column of liquid at the bottom
(figure 7).
of the tank or at any other selected level (see figure 5).

ISO3170:1988(E)
for triggering
Weig ht
closing mechanism
&--z--
i+-=s
j!C
;z =
$------
;o-----
Figure 5 - Example of interface Sampler

iSO3170:1988(E)
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ISO3170:1988(E)
Tumbler stop
r
Thermometer -
Suspension rod -
Deposit Sampler
Figure 7 -
5.2.4.2 Gravitation/ram core Sampler
This is a tubular device of uniform diameter either weighted or
equipped with a mechanically operated driver to penetrate the
deposit layer to be sampled.
5.2.5 Running Samplers
A running Sampler is a Container weighted or enclosed in a
weighted tage and equipped if necessary with a restrictive fill-
ing device (sec figure 4). lt is designed to obtain a Sample
whilst being lowered and raised through the oil (see figures 2
Knut-led ring
and 3). lt has not been established that such devices fill at a
for gripping
uniform rate.
bottom stand
Filling holes
b
5.2.6 All-levels sampling devices
in bottom stand
Contact line
These devices have a liquid inlet and gas outlet designed to ob-
tain a Sample whilst being Iowered or raised through the Oil. lt
has not been established that such devices fill at a uniform rate. NOTE - The filling holes are closed by the bottom stand rising when it
An example is shown in figure 8. makes contact with the tank bottom.
Figure 8 - Example of an all-levels sampling device
ISO3170:1988(E)
5.3 Drum and tan Samplers
5.2.7 Vapour-leck devices
A tube Sampler is commonly used (see figure 10). This is a tube
These are used to take samples from tanks under pressure, in
made of glass, metal or plastics material, with suitable fittings if
particular from those tanks utilizing inert gas Systems. They tan
required to facilitate handling, which tan be inserted into a
consist of a gas-tight enclosure placed on top of a valved roof
drum, tan or road vehicle to the desired level. It may be used
connection as shown in figure 9. A Sample Container in a
for withdrawing either a spot Sample from a selected level or a
suitable sampling tage or the special Sampler shown in figure 9
bottom Sample to detect the presence of contaminants. A tube
tan be attached, via a gas-tight window, to the lowering gear.
Sampler having a closure mechanism at the lower end tan be
The window is then closed, the roof valve opened, and the
used for taking a representative Sample through a vertical
Sample Container or Sampler Iowered to the required depth in
Cross-section of the liquid.
the product before filling. The valve is closed with the Sampler
in the elevated Position before the latter is withdrawn via the
Alternatively, a small sampling tage of appropriate dimensions
window.
or a drum pump or syphoning device may be used.
Figure 9 - Example of vapour-leck device Figure IO - Example of sampling tube
ISO 3170 : 1988 0
prehensive. The list shall be read in conjunction with the ap-
5.4 Pipeline Samplers
propriate national safety regulations or any recognized code in
54.1 If an automatic Pipeline Sampler is required, refer to the Petroleum industry. The precautions given below shall be
ISO 3171.
taken whenever they do not conflict with local or national
regulations, which must, in any case, always be followed.
5.4.2 A manual Sampler consists of a suitable Pipeline probe
with an isolating valve. The probe shall extend into the Pipeline Careful consideration shall be given to the nature and known
so that the Point of Sample entry is not nearer to the pipe wall hazards of the material being sampled, which will affect the
than a quarter of the internal diameter. lt shall have a delivery detailed nature of the precautions to be observed.
tube that will be long enough to resch the bottom of the Sample
Container, allowing submerged filling.
6.1.2 Personne1 shall be made aware of the potential hazards
in safety precautions to be observed.
and be given instructions
5.5 Containers
6.1 .3 All reg ulations covering entry into hazardous areas shall
Sample Containers shall be glass or plastics bottles, metal-
observed.
be rigorously
covered bottles or cans, depending on the material to be sam-
pled. The size of such vessels normally varies between 0,25 and
5 litres, but larger Containers may be required when special
6.1.4 Care shall be taken to avoid breathing Petroleum vapour
tests, bulking or division of samples is called for. Plastics con-
during the sampling operations. Protective gloves of
tainers shall not be used for Sample storage as these may not
hydrocarbon-insoluble materials shall be worn. Eye shields or
retain the integrity of the Sample due to diffusion; in addition,
face shields shall be worn where there is a danger of splashing.
the use of Containers made of non-linear polyethylene would
Additional precautions may be necessary when handling sour
lead to Sample contamination and/or Sample Container failure.
crude.
5.6 Container closures
6.1.5 When handling leaded fuels, the safety regulations shall
be meticulously observed.
Corks, ground glass Stoppers or plastics or metal screw-taps
may be used for closing Sample bottles. Rubber Stoppers shall
6.2 Safety aspects of equipment
not be used. Corks shall be of good quality and free from loose
pieces or dust. They shall be softened by rolling or squeezing
6.2.1 With regard to their mechanical properties, receivers/
and pressed well into the neck of the bottle to prevent leakage
Containers shall be properly designed in accordance with the
or evaporation. Where necessary, a protective cover of a
respective national/international Standards.
suitable material shall be used. Corks shall not be used with
volatile liquids, as the vapour may penetrate into the cork and
Pressure tests and other inspection work shall be performed ac-
Cause contamination of subsequent samples; an inert vapour-
cording to the local regulations by a competent person and the
tight closure shall be used.
results of such tests shall be recorded. Cleaning and leak-
testing operations shall be performed at regular intervals.
Corks shall not be re-used for different types of product, since
thorough cleaning is difficult and hydrocarbons may penetrate
into the cork and Cause contamination of subsequent samples.
6.2.2 Cords used for lowering sampling equipment shall be
Re-use of corks is permissible only if the use is restricted to one
electrically conductive. They shall not be made solely from
type of product.
man-made fibres; vegetable fibres such as manila or Sisal are
preferred for this purpose.
Screw-taps of cans or bottles shall be fitted with discs of cork
or other oil-resistant material. The disc, which shall only be
6.2.3 Portable metal sampling equipment used in flammable
used once, shall be removed before the cleaning of screw-taps
atmospheres shall be of non-sparking material.
and a new disc shall subsequently be fitted.
5.7 Sample coolers 6.2.4 I Sampling Personne1 shal I be provided with carriers for
their equipment i n Order that at least one hand may be free.
A cooling coil made of seamless topper tubing, or other
suitable metal tubing, with an internal diameter in the range of
6.2.5 Lamps and torches shall be of an approved type suitable
6 to 10 mm, is fixed in an open, portable Container in such a
for the electrical classification of the area.
way that it is immersed in a water/ice-cube mixture during use.
6.2.6 Suitable clothing and equipment to provide protection
The inlet end of the tubing shall be furnished with a flange or
against all known hazards associated with the material being
other appropriate means of connection to the sampling valve.
sampled shall be worn.
The outlet end shall be open.
6.2.7 If the Reid vapour pressure (RVP) of the product to be
6 Safety precautions
sampled is between 100 kPa (1,O bar) and 180 kPa (1,8 bar),
the Sample bottles shall be protected with a metal case until the
6.1 General
Sample is discarded. Above 180 kPa (1,8 bar) RVP, only metal
sampling cans constructed to contain the pressure involved
6.1.1 The safety precautions given below apply general ly and
shall be used. (See also 1.2.)
consti tute good p iractice, but the list is not necessarily 1 com-
ISO 3170 : 1988 (El
when being filled with clean, refined, volatile products capable
6.2.8 Care shall be taken to avoid heating of volatile samples
of giving rise to flammable vapour-air mixtures in the ullage
in Containers with gas-tight closures.
space.
63 . Safety at sampling Points
6.4.3 When sampling, the sampling line shall be kept firmly
earthed at all times, either by direct earth connection or firm
6.3.1 Sampling Points shall be provided which enable
contact with the dip hatch, to prevent sparking.
samples to be taken in a safe manner. Any potential hazards
associated with sampling shall be clearly marked and it is
6.4.4 When sampling clean, refined, volatile products, in-
recommended that a pressure gauge be provided.
cluding kerosene and gas Oil, which have been loaded at a
temperature near or above their flash Point or into tanks which
6.3.2 The sampling Point and equipment shall be adequately
are not gas-free, it is essential that a relaxation time of 30 min
maintained and regularly inspected, and the results of the in-
after completion of transfer or loading into each tank or con-
spection recorded, by a competent person.
tainer shall be allowed before introducing any conductive
sampling equipment into the tank or Container.
6.3.3 Safe access to sampling Points, with adequate lighting,
However, if one or more of the following
apply, sampling may
shall be provided. Access ladders, stairways, platforms and
ta ke place before the elapse of the 30 mi n relaxation time :
handrails shall be maintained in a structurally safe condition
and regularly inspected by a competent person.
for a floating-roof tank, the sampling is carried out from
a)
a slotted dip Pipe;
for all draining and flushing
6.3 .4 Adequate a nd safe drainage
uirements shall be provided. b) for a fixed- roof tank, the tank is fitted an earthed
w
f loating cover;
uipmen t shall be reported
6.3.5 Any spillages or defects in eq
c) the product contains sufficient static-dissipating ad-
immediately to a competent person.
ditive to ensure an Overall conductivity greater than
50 pS/m and no mist or Spray is being formed in the ullage
space (see the note).
6.3.6 Care shall be taken to avoid breathing Petroleum
vapours during sampling operations.
NOTE - Static-dissipating additives tan increase the conductivity of
hydrocarbon liquids to a level sufficient to avoid the accumulation of
6.3.7 Floating-roof tanks shall be sampled from the top plat-
static electrical Charge; an Overall conductivity of 50 pS/m is accept-
form whenever practicable, as toxic and flammable vapours able. The relaxation time for a bound Charge in the body of a liquid is so
short at this conductivity level that the Charge is dissipated almost as it
may accumulate above the roof. When it is necessary to des-
forms. As a result, gauging and sampling may take place without delay
cend to the roof for sampling, unless the atmosphere above the
or even while filling is in progress so long as no mist or Spray is being
roof has been proved to be Safe, at least two persons wearing
formed in the ullage space. Charged droplets tan exist in mists or
self-contained breathing apparatus shall be present.
Sprays and produce an accumulation of static electricity, regardless of
the presence of static dissipation additives in the liquid product.
The second or other person(s) shall stand by at the head of the
stairway where he (they) tan clearly observe the Sampler on the
6.4.5 Footwear capable of causing Sparks shall not be worn in
roof. The Sampler shall descend to the roof, take the required
areas where flammable vapours are likely to be present. Rubber
samples, and return to the head of the stairway in the minimum
footwear is not recommended in dry zones.
time possible.
which render the
The following are some of the conditions
maY
6.4.6 Clothing shall be of cotto #n, or linen, or wool and the
atmosphere above the roof hazardous :
,made fibres shall be avoided
wearing of man-
hydrogen sulfide and volatile mer-
a) the prod uct contains
6.4.7 Sampling shall not be carried out during periods of at-
captans;
mospheric electric disturbance or hai storms.
the roof is not fully floating;
b)
6.4.8 In Order to earth any static Charge on his person, the
the roof-seal is faulty. Operator shall tauch some part of the tank structure at least 1 m
Cl
from any sampling opening immediately before carrying out
any sampling Operation.
6.4 Static electricity
7 Procedures
6.4.1 The following precautions shall be taken to avoid
danger from static electricity when sampling tanks containing
flammable hydrocarbons stored at temperatures above their
Introduction
7.1
flash Points or in which a flammable atmosphere of hydrocar-
bon vapour or mist has been produced.
In this clause the general procedures that shall be applied for
sampling homogeneous oils are described and the additional
procedures that shall be applied for sampling crude oil and non-
of storage tanks, road vehicles, rail cars,
6.4.2 The contents
during filling, especially homogeneous oils are described in clause 8.
ships or ba rges shall not be sampled
ISO3170:1988(E)
Samples for special analysis
7.2.2
Unless othervvise specified, multiple-spot samples shall be col-
lected using the detailed procedure relevant to the particular
If samples are taken for the determination of trace materials, for
application.
example lead, specially prepared Sample Containers may be
recommended in the method of test. Take such samples
7.2 Precautions
directly in the prepared Container. Ancillary equipment and
sampling cord used shall in no way contaminate the Sample.
7.2.1 General precautions
If the tests for which the Sample is intended include certain
specific requirements such as topper or silver Strip corrosion,
7.2.1.1
A Sample shall not include material other than that to
take the Sample in dark-coloured glassware and protect the
be sampled and, if it is necessary to transfer a Sample from a
Sample from light Prior to testing. Any other method of obtain-
Sampler to a,container, appropriate precautions shall be taken
ing the Sample could affect the results of the corrosion test.
to preserve the integrity of the Sample.
If tests for such properties as water Separation characteristics,
NOTE -
The transfer of a Sample will usually have the following
Oxidation stability, existent gum, etc., are required, then take
effects :
care to ensure that any Sample Container has been suitably
a) loss of light ends (affecting density and vapour pressure);
prepared and is entirely free from contaminants such as flux or
b) changes in the relative proportions of oil and contaminants
other chemicals.
such as water and Sediment
7.2.3 Volatile materials
7.2.1.2 Sampling Personne1 shall be fuI*ly instructed in the
7.2.3.1 When taking samples of volatile crude oils and pro-
relevant procedures. Correct and ciearl;y defined sampling and
ducts, if it is necessary to avoid the loss of light ends, for
handling rprocedures are essential in Order to ensure that
I .
example for determination of density, vapour pressure or distil-
saq@es:are as representative as possible of the material being
lation, do not transfer or bulk oil from the original Sample con-
,=rn@led and are suitable for the tests required. Specific
tainer. Transport and store the Sample in an inverted Position to
precautions are necessary when drawing samples for certain
avoid loss of light ends through the closure.
tests and the correct sampling procedures shall be closely
followed to ensure that the test results are meaningful. These
iadditional precautions do not form part of this International
7.2.3.2 Depending on the nature and temperature of the
“Standard, but shall be set out in the test method or product
liquid, the ambient temperature, and the purpose for which the
.-z+pecification concerned.
Sample is required, some or all of the following precautions may
be necessary :
through a
a) passing the Sample sample-cooler at the
Point of sampling;
b) cooling the Sample Container to a suitable temperature;
7.2.1.4 Thoroughly inspect all sampling equipment, including
c) keeping the Sample Container cool until it has been
closures, to ensure that it is clean and dry.
sealed.
Sample Containers be cooled if necessary by immersion in
maY
7.2.1.5 Leave at least 10 % ullage in the Container to allow for
a cooling medium, e.g. crushed ice
expansion. Decanting to obtain the 10 % ullage is not good
practice because it will invalidate the representativity of the
7.2.4 Tank side and Pipeline sampling
Sample, particularly if any free water or an emulsion layer is
present. If spot samples are drawn from a tank, some of the
If a tank side or Pipeline sampling Point is used, adopt
the
Sample has to be removed from the Sample Container, and this
following ,ional sampl
addit ing precau tions
shall be done immediately the Sample Container has been with-
drawn from the tank.
a) Before taking tank side or Pipeline samples, completely
flush the sampling line to ensure removal of all previous
contents of the line.
7.2.1.6 Immediately after filling and closing the receiver or
Container, examine it closely for leaks.
b) The Sample lin e outlet shall be designed to extend to
near the bottom the Sample Container during
of sampling.
7.2.1.7 If large-volume samples are required which may not,
because of volatility or other considerations, be obtained by the c) If the material being sampled is volatile, cool the Sample
bulking of smaller quantities, mix the tank contents thoroughly Container to a suitable temperature and use an in-line cooler
by the means available (e.g. circulation, tank side mixer). Con- if necessary.
firm the homogeneity by tests on samples taken at sufficient
different levels as described in 4.2 and 8.2.1. The Container d) If the oil being sampled has a high pour Point, it may be
shall be filled using a Sample inlet extending to near the bottom neces
...