EN 1978:2022

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1978:1999
Baker in bakrove zlitine - Bakrove katode
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1978:2022
ICS:
77.150.30 Bakreni izdelki Copper products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 1978
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2022
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.150.30 Supersedes EN 1978:1998
English Version
Copper and copper alloys - Copper cathodes
Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Cathodes en cuivre Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Kupfer-Kathoden
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 August 2022.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1978:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Designations. 6
4.1 Material . 6
4.1.1 General . 6
4.1.2 Symbol . 6
4.1.3 Number . 6
4.2 Product . 6
5 Ordering information . 7
6 Requirements . 7
6.1 Composition . 7
6.2 Electrical properties . 7
6.3 Dimensions and tolerances . 8
6.4 Surface condition . 8
7 Sampling . 10
8 Test methods . 10
8.1 Analysis . 10
8.1.1 Routine analysis . 10
8.1.2 Analysis in cases of dispute . 10
8.2 Electrical resistivity . 11
8.2.1 Routine determination of electrical resistivity . 11
8.2.2 Determination of electrical resistivity in cases of dispute . 11
8.3 Retests . 11
8.4 Rounding of results . 11
9 Declaration of conformity and inspection documentation . 11
9.1 Declaration of conformity . 11
9.2 Inspection documentation . 11
10 Marking . 12
Annex A (normative) Methods for use in cases of dispute, for the sampling of cathodes and
for the preparation of analysis samples . 13
Annex B (informative) Information on electrical resistivity and conductivity relationships . 16
Bibliography . 17

European foreword
This document (EN 1978:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and
copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2023, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by March 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 1978:1998.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) The reference to EN 1655 has been replaced by EN ISO/IEC 17050-1 and EN ISO/IEC 17050-2.
This is one of a series of European Standards for products manufactured from refined copper grades.
Other products are specified as follows:
— EN 1976, Copper and copper alloys - Cast unwrought copper products
— EN 1977, Copper and copper alloys - Copper drawing stock (wire rod)
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document was prepared to combine the various requirements and methods of test for copper
cathodes, previously dealt with in a range of separate national standards.
Copper cathodes are intended for melting. Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) is primarily intended for the production
of high conductivity copper, such as for drawing stock. Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A) is intended for the
production of other wrought products for electrical and general purposes.
1 Scope
This document specifies the composition and property requirements for cathodes of two copper grades,
designated Cu-CATH-1 (CR001A) and Cu-CATH-2 (CR002A).
Annex A (normative) describes methods for sampling cathodes for use in cases of dispute between the
purchaser and the supplier. Annex B (informative) gives information on the relationships between
electrical resistivity and conductivity of copper.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60468, Method of measurement of resistivity of metallic materials
EN 16117-2, Copper and copper alloys - Determination of copper content - Part 2: Electrolytic
determination of copper in materials with copper content higher than 99,80 %
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
cathode
flat, unwrought product made by electrolytic deposition
3.2
lot
quantity of copper cathodes weighing over 25 t and up to and including 200 t, consisting of one
consignment, or part of one consignment, produced by one refinery
3.3
bundle
total amount of a certain number of cathodes, typically 20 to 60, stacked together and secured, generally
by steel bands
3.4
sample of cathodes
number of cathodes randomly selected from the lot, and considered in total to be representative of the
lot
3.5
cathode sample
portion of one of the sampled cathodes (see 3.4) obtained by systematic cutting of vertical strips
3.6
bulk sample
sample produced by melting and casting the cathode samples (see 3.5) obtained from all the sampled
cathodes into a suitable mould (or moulds)
Note to entry 1: This is considered to be representative of the lot.
3.7
analysis sample
representative fractions of swarf taken from the swarf arising from drilling, milling or sawing the bulk
sample castings (see 3.6)
4 Designations
4.1 Material
4.1.1 General
The material is designated either by symbol or number (see Table 1).
4.1.2 Symbol
The material symbol designation is based on the designation system given in ISO 1190-1.
4.1.3 Number
The material number designation is in accordance with the system given in EN 1412.
4.2 Product
The product designation provides a standardized pattern of designation from which a rapid and
unequivocal description of a product is conveyed in communication. It provides mutual comprehension
at the international level with regard to products which meet the requirements of the relevant European
Standard.
The product designation is not substitute for the full content of the standard.
The product designation for products to this document shall consist of:
— denomination (cathode);
— number of this document (EN 1978);
— material designation, either symbol or number (see Table 1).
The derivation of a product designation is shown in the following example.
EXAMPLE Cathode conforming to this document, in material designated either Cu-CATH-1 or CR001A, will be
designated as follows.
5 Ordering information
In order to facilitate the enquiry, order and confirmation of order procedures between the purchaser and
the supplier, the purchaser shall state on his enquiry and order the following information:
a) quantity of product required (mass);
b) denomination (cathode);
c) number of this document (EN 1978);
d) material designation (see Table 1).
It is recommended that the product designation, as described in 4.2 is used for items b) to d).
In addition, the purchaser shall also state on the enquiry and order any of the following, if required:
e) the dimensions and tolerances required, if the cathodes are to be supplied cut to size (see 6.3);
f) whether a declaration of conformity is required (see 9.1);
g) whether an inspection document is required, and if so, which type (see 9.2).
EXAMPLE Ordering details for 100 t of cathode conforming to EN 1978, in material designated either Cu-
CATH-1 or CR001A:
100 t Cathode EN 1978 – Cu-CATH-1
or
100 t Cathode EN 1978 – CR001A
6 Requirements
6.1 Composition
The composition shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in Table 1.
6.2 Electrical properties
The electrical properties shall conform to the requirements for the appropriate grade given in Table 2.
The tests shall be carried out in accordance with 8.2.
NOTE Mass resistivity is the mandatory electrical property requirement in this document. The relationship
between mass resistivity and the corresponding volume resistivity and conductivity is given in Annex B.
6.3 Dimensions and tolerances
The cathodes shall be either whole or cut to sizes as agreed between the purchaser and the supplier and
stated in the purchaser's order [see Clause 5 e)].
6.4 Surface condition
Cathodes shall withstand ordinary handling without breakage. They shall be reasonably free from
nodules, outgrowth edges and from all extraneous materials such as electrolyte residue
...