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ASTM F2771-10

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent Lamp at Ambient Conditions

Standard Test Method for Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent Lamp at Ambient Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
To provide a standardized test method that can be used for a valid comparison of luminance time curves, color changes and cosmetic changes between lamps of various designs, fabrication techniques, and sources.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method establishes the procedures for determining the visible performance change, which is defined by luminance, color and cosmetic appearance of an electroluminescent lamp during operation over an extended time.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2010
ICS
17.180.20 - Colours and measurement of light
Technical Committee
F01 - Electronics
Drafting Committee
F01.18 - Printed Electronics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM F2771-09 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent Lamp at Ambient Conditions
Effective Date
01-May-2010
Replaced By
ASTM F2771-10(2016) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent Lamp at Ambient Conditions (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-May-2016
Referred By
ASTM F2964-12(2020) - Standard Test Method for Determining the Uniformity of the Luminance of an Electroluminescent Lamp or Other Diffuse Lighting Device (Withdrawn 2023)
Effective Date
01-May-2010

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: F2771 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent
1
Lamp at Ambient Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2771; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope to escape. Application of an ac voltage across the electrodes
generates a charging field within the phosphor, which causes it
1.1 This test method establishes the procedures for deter-
to emit light.
mining the visible performance change, which is defined by
luminance, color and cosmetic appearance of an electrolumi- 3.1.4 time to half luminance (THL), n—the elapsed operat-
nescent lamp during operation over an extended time. ing time over which the luminance of a lamp maintained under
constant power conditions is reduced to 50 % of its initial
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
value.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 membrane switch, n—a momentary switching device,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
in which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
substrate.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Summary of Test Method
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 This test method includes an initial measurement of the
F1595 Practice forViewing Conditions forVisual Inspection
luminance, color, and appearance of a lamp when powered
of Membrane Switches
with a specified voltage source. After initial characterization,
F2359 Test Method for Determining Color of a Membrane
the lamp is maintained under the same power conditions for an
Switch Backlit with Diffuse Light Source
extended interval in a controlled environment designed to
F2360 Test Method for Determining Luminance of a Mem-
interfere minimally with the operating characteristics of the
brane Switch Backlit with Diffuse Light Source
lamp. The luminance, color and appearance of the lamps under
test are measured and recorded at a predetermined schedule
3. Terminology
throughout the test (initially the intervals are shorter to capture
the rapid rate of change and longer as the test progresses). One
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 luminance, n—measure of the brightness or luminous output of the measurement is to identify the time of operation
by which the measured luminance is reduced to half that
intensity of light, usually expressed in units of candelas per
2 2
square metre (cd/m ) or foot lamberts. 1 fL = 3.426 cd/m . recorded at the initial characterization.
3.1.2 luminance curve, n—a graphical representation of the
5. Significance and Use
variation of luminance with time (implicitly under unvarying
operating conditions).
5.1 To provide a standardized test method that can be used
foravalidcomparisonofluminancetimecurves,colorchanges
3.1.3 electroluminescent lamp (EL lamp), n—essentially a
and cosmetic changes between lamps of various designs,
capacitor structure with phosphor and a dielectric sandwiched
fabrication techniques, and sources.
between electrodes, one of which is transparent to allow light
6. Interferences
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on
6.1 Humidity—Performance characteristics can be skewed
Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Membrane
with the change of humidity.
Switches.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally
6.2 Temperature—Performance characteristics can be
approved in 2009. Last edition approved in 2009 as F2771 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/
skewed with the change of temperature.
F2771-10.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.3 Power—Performance characteristics can be skewed
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
with variations in the voltage, frequency and waveform of the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. power applied to the lamp.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2771 − 10
7. Apparatus uniformity is sufficient (any such change should be reported in
the results), or (c) cancel the measurement series and begin test
7.1 Power source capable of providing an appropriate ac
again with a new sample. It is recommended that the entire
voltage, frequency and waveform. For example, operation at
series of measurements be made without the inclusion of a
110 6 3 VRMS, a
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:F2771–09 Designation:F2771–10
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Luminance Curve of an Electroluminescent
1
Lamp at Ambient Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2771; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method establishes the procedures for determining the visible performance change, which is defined by luminance,
color and cosmetic appearance of an electroluminescent lamp during operation over an extended time.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
F1595 Practice for Viewing Conditions for Visual Inspection of Membrane Switches
F2359 Test Method for Determining Color of a Membrane Switch Backlit with Diffuse Light Source
F2360 Test Method for Determining Luminance of a Membrane Switch Backlit with Diffuse Light Source
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 luminance, n—measure of the brightness or luminous intensity of light, usually expressed in units of candelas per square
2 2
metre (cd/m ) or foot lamberts. 1 fL = 3.426 cd/m .
3.1.2 luminance curve, n—a graphical representation of the variation of luminance with time (implicitly under unvarying
operating conditions).
3.1.3 electroluminescent lamp (EL lamp), n—essentially a capacitor structure with phosphor and a dielectric sandwiched
between electrodes, one of which is transparent to allow light to escape. Application of an ac voltage across the electrodes
generates a charging field within the phosphor, which causes it to emit light.
3.1.4 time to half luminance (THL), n—the elapsed operating time over which the luminance of a lamp maintained under
constant power conditions is reduced to 50 % of its initial value.
3.1.5 membrane switch, n—a momentary switching device, in which at least one contact is on, or made of, a flexible substrate.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method includes an initial measurement of the luminance, color, and appearance of a lamp when powered with a
specified voltage source. After initial characterization, the lamp is maintained under the same power conditions for an extended
interval in a controlled environment designed to interfere minimally with the operating characteristics of the lamp.The luminance,
color and appearance of the lamps under test are measured and recorded at a predetermined schedule throughout the test (initially
the intervals are shorter to capture the rapid rate of change and longer as the test progresses). One output of the measurement is
to identify the time of operation by which the measured luminance is reduced to half that recorded at the initial characterization.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 To provide a standardized test method that can be used for a valid comparison of luminance time curves, color changes and
cosmetic changes between lamps of various designs, fabrication techniques, and sources.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F01 on Electronics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F01.18 on Membrane Switches.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. DOI: 10.1520/F2771-09.
Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originally approved in 2009. Last edition approved in 2009 as F2771 - 09. DOI: 10.1520/F2771-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2771–10
6. Interferences
6.1 Humidity—Performance characteristics can be skewed with the change of humidity.
6.2 Temperature—Performance characteristics can be skewed with the change of temperature.
6.3 Power—Performance characteristics can be skewed with variations in the voltage, frequency and waveform of the power
applied to the lamp.
7. Apparatus
7.1
...

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5.2 Color differences calculated in ΔE00 units (6) are highly recommended for use with color-differences in the range of 0.0 to 5.0 ΔE*ab units. This color-difference equation is appropriate for and widely used in industrial and commercial applications including, but not limited to, automobiles, coatings, cosmetics, inks, packaging, paints, plastics, printing, security, and textiles.  
5.3 Users of color tolerance equations have found that, in each system, summation of three, vector color-difference components into a single scalar value is very useful for determining whether a specimen color is within a specified tolerance from a standard. However, for control of color in production, it may be necessary to know not only the magnitude of the departure from standard but also the direction of this departure. It is possible to include information on the direction of a small color difference by listing the three instrumentally determined components of the color difference.  
5.4 Selection of color tolerances based on instrumental values should be carefully correlated with a visual appraisal of the acceptability of differences in hue, lig...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the calculation, from instrumentally measured color coordinates based on daylight illumination, of color tolerances and small color differences between opaque specimens such as painted panels, plastic plaques, or textile swatches. Where it is suspected that the specimens may be metameric, that is, possess different spectral curves though visually alike in color, Practice D4086 should be used to verify instrumental results. The tolerances and differences determined by these procedures are expressed in terms of approximately uniform visual color perception in CIE 1976 CIELAB opponent-color space (1),2 CMC tolerance units (2), CIE94 tolerance units (3), the DIN99o color difference formula given in DIN 6176  (4), or the CIEDE2000 color difference units (5).  
1.2 For product specification, the purchaser and the seller shall agree upon the permissible color tolerance between test specimen and reference and the procedure for calculating the color tolerance. Each material and condition of use may require specific color tolerances because other appearance factors, (for example, specimen proximity, gloss, and texture), may affect the correlation between the magnitude of a measured color difference and its commercial acceptability.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2867-14(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimating Uncertainty of Test Results Derived from Spectrophotometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Many competent measurement laboratories comply with accepted quality system requirements such as ISO 9001, QS 9000, or ISO 17025. When using standard test methods, the measurement results should agree with those from other similar laboratories within the combined uncertainty limits of the laboratories’ measurement systems. It is for this reason that quality system requirements demand that a statement of the uncertainty of the test results accompany every test result.  
5.2 Preparation of uncertainty estimates is a requirement for laboratory certification under ISO 17025. This practice describes the procedures by which such uncertainty estimates may be calculated.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a protocol to be utilized by measurement laboratories for estimating and reporting the uncertainty of a measurement result when the result is derived from a measurand that has been obtained by spectrophotometry.  
1.2 This practice is specifically limited to the reporting of uncertainty of color measurement results that are reported as color-differences in ΔE format, even though the measurement itself may be reported in other units such as percent reflectance or transmittance.  
1.3 The procedures defined here are not intended to be applicable to national standardizing laboratories or transfer laboratories.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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