ASTM C604-02(2012)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:C604 −02 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
True Specific Gravity of Refractory Materials by Gas-
Comparison Pycnometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C604; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope measured by the gas-comparison pycnometer. Density is cal-
culated from the sample weight in grams divided by its volume
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the true
in cubic centimetres. This is also the specific gravity of the
specific gravity of solid materials, and is particularly useful for
sample at room temperature compared to water at 4°C.
materialsthateasilyhydratewhicharenotsuitablefortestwith
Test Method C135. This test method may be used as an
3.2 The principle of the gas-comparison pycnometer is as
alternate for Test Method C135, Test Method C128, and Test
follows: There are two chambers and two pistons as sketched
Method C188 for determining true specific gravity.
in Fig. 1. For purposes of illustration, the chambers are
assumed to be equal in volume, and there is no sample in either
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
cylinder. Under these conditions, with the coupling valve
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
closed, any change in the position of one piston must be
standard.
duplicated by an identical stroke in the other in order to
1.2.1 Exception—In 7.3 the equivalent SI unit is expressed
maintain the same pressure on each side of the differential
in parenthesis.
pressure indicator.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.3 If a sample, V , is inserted into chamber B, the coupling
x
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
valve closed and both pistons advanced the same amount from
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
position1 to position2, the pressures will not remain the same.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
However the pressures can be maintained equal if piston B
instead is moved only to position 3. Then the remaining
2. Referenced Documents
displacement d , from position 3 to position 2, is equal to the
x
2.1 ASTM Standards:
volume of the sample, V . If piston A always is advanced
x
C128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity)
exactly the same distance each time a measurement is made,
and Absorption of Fine Aggregate
the distance that piston B differs from position 2, when the
C135 Test Method for True Specific Gravity of Refractory
pressures in both cylinders are equal, will always be propor-
Materials by Water Immersion
tional to the volume, V . The distance (d ) between positions 2
x x
C188 Test Method for Density of Hydraulic Cement
and 3 can be calibrated and made to read directly in terms of
cubic centimetres, employing a digital counter.
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 The sample is powdered to ensure permeation of gas
4. Significance and Use
into all pores. For practical purposes this is assumed to be true
4.1 The true specific gravity of a material is the ratio of its
when the sample passes a No. 325 (45-µm) sieve. The volume
true density, determined at a specific temperature, to the true
of a carefully weighed powdered sample which has first been
density of water, determined at a specific temperature. Thus,
heated to drive off moisture and undesired combined water is
the true specific gravity of a material is a primary property
which is related to chemical and mineralogical composition.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C08 on
4.2 This test method is particularly useful for hydratable
Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.03 on Physical
Properties. materials which are not suitable for test with Test Method
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2012. Published November 2012. Originally
C135.
approvedin1967.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asC604 – 02(2007).DOI:
10.1520/C0604-02R12.
4.3 For refractory raw materials and products the true
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
specific gravity is a useful value for: classification, detecting
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
differences in chemical composition between supposedly like
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. samples, indicating mineralogical phases or phase changes,
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C604−02 (2012)
FIG. 1 Simplified Schematic Diagram
calculating total porosity when the bulk density is known, and 5. Apparatus
for any other test method that requires this value for the
5.1 Analytical Balance, 200-g capacity, minimum sensitiv-
calculation of results.
ity 10 mg.
4.4 This test method is a primary standard method which is
5.2 Desiccator, charged with magnesium perchlorate.
suitable for use in specifications, quality control, and research
5.3 Muffle Furnace, capable of heating to 1000°C.
and development. It can also serve as a referee test method in
purchasing contracts or agreements.
5.4 Cylinder of Dry Helium Gas, with regulator and gage.
4.5 Fundamental assumptions inherent in this test method 5.5 Equipment for Grinding Sample, to pass a No. 325
are the following:
(45-µm) sieve without contamination.
4.5.1 Thesampleisrepresentativeofthematerialingeneral, 3
5.6 Gas-Comparison Pycnometer, equipped with external
4.5.2 The total sample has been reduced to the particle size
purge manifold.
specified,
4.5.3 Nocontaminationhasbeenintroducedduringprocess-
6. Sample Preparation
ing of the sample,
6.1 Grind a sufficient representative sample for three deter-
4.5.4 The ignition of the sample has eliminated all free or
minations to pass a No. 325 (45-µm) sieve. With the Beckman
combined water without inducing sintering or alteration,
instrument the quantity needed is approximately 150 cm .
4.5.5 An inert gas (helium) has been used in the test, and
4.5.6 The test method has been conducted in a meticulous 6.2 After grinding, ignite the total sample at a temperature
manner. sufficient to dri
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