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ASTM C1012-04

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution

Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Method C 452 is suitable for evaluating portland cements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.
The standard exposure solution used in this test method, unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3 (50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure of interest. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the Appendix.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed in a sulfate solution. Mortar bars made using mortar described in Test Method C 109/C 109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 ± 1.0 MPa (3000 150 psi), as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information purposes only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—Warning: Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2003
ICS
91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Technical Committee
C01 - Cement
Drafting Committee
C01.29 - Sulfate Resistance
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM C1012-03 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Replaced By
ASTM C1012/C1012M-09 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
Effective Date
15-Dec-2009
Referred By
ASTM C928/C928M-20a - Standard Specification for Packaged, Dry, Rapid-Hardening Cementitious Materials for Concrete Repairs
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004
Referred By
ASTM C856/C856M-20 - Standard Practice for Petrographic Examination of Hardened Concrete
Effective Date
01-Jan-2004

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ASTM C1012-04 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate SolutionASTM C1012-04 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
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ASTM C1012-04 - Standard Test Method for Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a Sulfate Solution
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation:C1012–04
Standard Test Method for
Length Change of Hydraulic-Cement Mortars Exposed to a
1
Sulfate Solution
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1012; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Cement Mortars (Using Portions of Prisms Broken in
Flexure)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length
C452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-
change of mortar bars immersed in a sulfate solution. Mortar
Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate
bars made using mortar described in Test Method C109/
C490 Practice for Use of Apparatus for the Determination
C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of
of Length Change of Hardened Cement Paste, Mortar, and
20.0 6 1.0 MPa (3000 6 150 psi), as measured using cubes
Concrete
made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.
C511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the
standard. The values shown in parentheses are for information
Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes
purposes only.
C595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C597 Test Method for Pulse Velocity Through Concrete
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
C684 Test Method for Making, Accelerated Curing, and
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Testing Concrete Compression Test Specimens
2. Referenced Documents
C778 Specification for Standard Sand
2
C917 Test Method for Evaluation of Cement Strength
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Uniformity From a Single Source
C109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
and Mortars
Specimens)
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
C114 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hydraulic
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-
Cement
terials
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
2.2 American Concrete Institute Reports:
C157/C157M Test Method for Length Change of Hardened
3
ACI C201-2R-01 Guide to Durable Concrete
Hydraulic-Cement Mortar and Concrete
C215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudi-
3. Significance and Use
nal, and Torsional Resonant Frequencies of Concrete
3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the
Specimens
sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement,
C305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement
blendsofportlandcementwithpozzolansorslags,andblended
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
hydraulic cements. Method C452 is suitable for evaluating
C348 Test Method for Flexural Strength of Hydraulic-
portlandcementsbutnotblendedcementsorblendsofportland
Cement Mortars
cement with pozzolans or slags.
C349 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic-
3.2 The standard exposure solution used in this test method,
unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na SO per
2 4
3
m (50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C01 on Cement
asMgSO maybeusedtosimulatetheenvironmentalexposure
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.29 on Sulfate Resistance. 4
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originally
of interest. Further discussion of these and other technical
approved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as C1012 – 03. DOI:
issues is given in the Appendix.
10.1520/C1012-04.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington
the ASTM website. Hills, MI 48333.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1012–04
4. Apparatus 5.5.1 Graded Standard Sand, as specified in Specification
C778.
4.1 Mixer, conforming to the requirements of Practice
5.5.2 Stainless Steel Gage Studs, as specified in Specifica-
C305.
tion C490.
4.2 Cube Molds, conforming to the requirements of Test
Method C109/C109M.
6. Hazards
4.
...

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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”  
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
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1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.  
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ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Specific chemical test methods are grouped as reference test methods and alternative test methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements and are also required for referee analysis in those cases where conformance to chemical specification requirements are questioned. Apparatus and materials for the test method include balance, weights, glassware and laboratory containers, desiccators, filter paper, crucibles, and muffle furnace. Standard reagents for the test method shall be used within the limits of the specification. These reagents shall include purity agents, water, repackaged reagents, concentrated acids and ammonium hydroxide, nonstandardized solutions, and indicator solutions. Sample preparation and general test procedures shall be followed according to the specification. General procedures include sample weighing, taring of crucibles, weighing of ignited residues, volatilization of platinum, chemical analyses, and calculation. Reporting of analyses shall be of the following order: major components, minor components, and separate determinations. Reference test methods and procedures include determination of insoluble residue, silicon dioxide, ammonium hydroxide group, ferric oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, sulfur, loss on ignition, sodium and potassium oxides, manganic oxide, chloride, chloroform-soluble organic substances. Alternative test methods and procedures include determination of calcium oxide, calcium dioxide, magnesium oxide, loss on ignition, titanium dioxide, phosphorus pentoxide, manganic oxide, and free calcium oxide. The standardization used for qualification and for analysis of each constituent shall be determined by valid curve-fitting procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analyses of hydraulic cements. Any test methods of demonstrated acceptable precision and bias may be used for analysis of hydraulic cements, including analyses for referee and certification purposes, as explained in Section 4. Specific chemical test methods are provided for ease of reference for those desiring to use them. They are grouped as Reference Test Methods and Alternative Test Methods. The reference test methods are long accepted classical chemical test methods which provide a reasonably well-integrated basic scheme of analysis for hydraulic cements. The alternative test methods generally provide individual determination of specific analytes and may be used alone or as alternates and determinations within the basic scheme at the option of the analyst and as indicated in the individual method.  
1.2 Contents:    
Section  
Subject    
2  
Referenced Documents  
4  
Description of Referee Analyses  
4.1  
Referee Analyses  
5  
Qualification for Different Analyses  
5.1  
Certified Reference Materials  
5.2  
Requirements for Qualification Testing  
5.3  
Alternative Analyses  
5.4  
Performance Requirements for Rapid Test Methods  
6  
General  
6.1  
Interferences and Limitations  
6.2  
Apparatus and Materials  
6.3  
Reagents  
6.4  
Sample Preparation  
6.5  
General Procedures  
6.6  
Recommended Order for Reporting Analyses    
Reference Test Methods    
7  
Insoluble Residue  
8  
Silicon Dioxide  
8.2  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Less Than 1 %  
8.3  
Cements with Insoluble Residue Greater Than 1 %  
9  
Ammonium Hydroxide Group  
10  
Ferric Oxide  
11  
Phosphorus Pentoxide  
12  
Titanium Dioxide  
13  
Zinc Oxide  
14  
Aluminum Oxide  
15  
Calcium Oxide  
16  
Magnesium Oxide  
17  
Sulfur  
17.1  
Sulfur Trioxide  
17.2  
Sulfide  
18  
Loss On Ignition  
18.1  
Portland Cement  
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Standard Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement

SCOPE
1.1 This performance specification covers hydraulic cements for both general and special applications. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents (see Note 1).
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Standard Specification for Processing Additions for Use in the Manufacture of Hydraulic Cements

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a processing addition meets the requirement. When proposed addition is accepted for general use in Portland cement, tests shall be made on cements prepared from at least five different clinkers. These clinkers shall represent two Type I cements, one Type II cement, and two Type III cements. Processing additions shall be evaluated by comparing cements containing the addition to otherwise identical cements from the same source without the addition, or containing a processing addition. The compressive strength and flexural strength of the concrete made with cement containing the addition shall be compared with strengths obtained with the control cement at similar ages. The properties of the materials shall be determined through the following tests in accordance with the following standard: chemical analysis of the cement, compound composition, fineness of cement, normal consistency, time of setting, autoclave expansion, air content of mortar, compressive strength of mortar, and drying shrinkage of mortar.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to the criteria and tests to be used for determining whether a(n) organic or inorganic processing addition, when used in the recommended amount at the option of the cement producer in the manufacture of hydraulic cements, meets the requirements as prescribed by definition in Specifications C150/C150M, C1157/C1157M, C845/C845M, and C595/C595M. The materials listed in the following former ASTM Specifications shall be considered as meeting the organic processing additions requirements of this specification:    
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4.1 This test method is intended to be used to determine the amount of water required to prepare hydraulic cement pastes with normal consistency, as required for certain standard tests.
SCOPE
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Standard Specification for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

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1.1 This specification covers cements that require controlled exposure to carbon dioxide to achieve strength, referred to as carbonation curing. These cements are for use in concrete that does not contain steel reinforcement. There are no restrictions on the constituents of the cement. The producer is required to demonstrate that carbon dioxide is chemically bound by the cement.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.  
1.3 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
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ASTM C1910/C1910M-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Cements that Require Carbonation Curing

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are used to develop data for comparison with the requirements of Test Methods C1910/C1910M or other specifications for cements that require carbonation curing. These test methods are based on standardized testing in the laboratory and are not intended to simulate job conditions. All tests are performed with mortar and therefore, the results may not provide a direct correlation of how the tested cementitious material will perform in concrete.  
4.2 Compressive Strength—The test for compressive strength is used to determine whether the cement tested will develop a minimum level of strength when carbonated under laboratory conditions.  
4.3 Chemically Bound Carbon Dioxide—Determined using mortar cube specimens prepared for determining compressive strength, the test for chemically bound carbon dioxide is used as an estimate of the mass of carbon dioxide bound during the carbonation curing process and is expressed as a percent of the mass of cement in the test mixture. The actual amount of carbon dioxide bound in a manufactured product is affected by the carbonation process and the cement used, and the physical characteristics of the manufactured product.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing cements that require carbonation curing and are intended for use in concrete.  
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Casting and Carbonation Curing Test Specimens  
Section 8  
Compressive Strength  
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Bound Carbon Dioxide  
Section 10  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this standard. Some values only have SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in standard.  
1.4 If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide, Annex A in Form and Style for ASTM Standards, www.astm.org/COMMIT/Blue_Book.pdf.  
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Common cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2  
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ASTM C1600/C1600M-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Rapid Hardening Hydraulic Cement

ABSTRACT
This specification covers performance requirements for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. There are no restrictions on the compositions of the cement or its constituents. The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development. The following are the four types of rapid hardening cement: (1) Type URH, ultra rapid hardening for use where high early strength is desired; (2) Type VRH, very rapid hardening for use where very high early strength is desired; (3) Type MRH, medium rapid hardening for use where mid-range hardening high early strength is desired; and (4) Type GRH, general rapid hardening for use when the higher strength properties of a Type VRH or a Type MRH cement is not required. Cement of the type specified shall conform to all of the applicable standard physical requirements for compressive strength and drying shrinkage. Cement shall be tested using the following methods: autoclave expansion; time of setting; compressive strength; drying shrinkage of mortar; heat of hydration; surface resistance; alkali silica resistivity; and expansion in water.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for rapid hardening hydraulic cements. This is a specification giving performance requirements. There are no restrictions on the composition of the cement or its constituents.  
1.2 The specification classifies cements by type based on specific requirements for very early compressive strength development.  
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ASTM C183/C183M-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of Hydraulic Cement

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling procedures described are intended for use in the procurement of samples of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale. They are not intended as sampling procedures for quality control purposes during manufacturing. The testing procedures outlined cover the amount of testing to be done and provide guidance for reporting on conformance or non-conformance of cements with requirements of purchase specifications.  
4.2 This practice is referenced as the procedure for sampling natural cement (Specification C10/C10M), masonry cement (Specification C91/C91M), portland cement (Specification C150/C150M), blended hydraulic cement (Specification C595/C595M), expansive hydraulic cement (Specification C845/C845M), hydraulic cement based on a performance specification (Specification C1157/C1157M), plastic stucco cement (Specification C1328/C1328M), and mortar cement (Specification C1329/C1329M), and  
4.3 Most building codes and construction specifications require that hydraulic cement to be used in the work meet the applicable requirements of the relevant purchase specifications, such as Specifications C10/C10M, C91/C91M, C150/C150M, C595/C595M, C1157/C1157M, C1328/C1328M, C1329/C1329M, or C845/C845M. If the code or specification requires sampling of the manufactured cement, the provisions given in 4.4 are applicable. Not much cement is sold on the basis of such sampling and testing. A useful discussion of sampling and testing cement is contained in ACI 225.1R.  
4.4 The procedures covered in this practice should be done by or for purchasers of hydraulic cement who are using a code or specification that requires sampling and testing to determine if the samples conform to the relevant acceptance specifications. The testing is done using specified methods to determine whether the samples yield test results that conform to the specification, and the tests serve as a basis for acceptance or rejection of the lot of material ...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for sampling and for the amount of testing of hydraulic cement after it has been manufactured and is ready to be offered for sale.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered requirements of the standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off