ASTM E1593-21
(Guide)Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Consumer Products in Reducing the Perception of Malodor
Standard Guide for Assessing the Efficacy of Consumer Products in Reducing the Perception of Malodor
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this guide is to assess the ability of consumer products to reduce malodor intensity from a control state. Several experimental hypotheses are possible, depending on the objective of the test. Possible objectives with respective hypotheses are given in Appendix X1.
5.2 Many consumer products are sold commercially with the intent of providing a means of improving the odor quality of a volume of air, or the odor quality of a substrate such as fabric or household surfaces, relative to some existing environmental condition. In the case of air care products, this typically involves the application of an odorous substance into the air space by means of some active or passive mechanism (for example, by spraying, or by evaporation). This procedure is also applicable to other mechanisms of odor reduction (for example, air filtration, chemical reactions, etc.).
5.3 Selection of representative malodor sources is of critical importance. The malodor source must be readily available and of a consistent odor quality. A reasonable malodor source should be chemically and aesthetically correct. The experimenter and client must agree upon the appropriateness of a malodor source before further details of the test design are worked out. Experimental variation will be reduced by using uniform malodor sources. Information collected on malodor reduction will thus be more comparable from experiment to experiment and from laboratory to laboratory.
5.4 The procedure recommended can be used for assessment of the malodor reduction and elimination efficacy of consumer products including: air fresheners, air filtration products, aerosol/spray and continuous/solid air freshener products, candles, fabric care products including detergents and fabric enhancing/conditioning products, surface care products including carpet care products, surface cleaning products such as sprays etc., pet care products, and other products intended to deliver a malodor reduction benefit. It s...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of malodors for the purpose of assessing the malodor reduction efficacy of consumer products including, but not limited to, air care, fabric care, home care, pet care, and similar products.
1.2 This guide is not intended to cover axillary deodorancy; refer instead to Guide E1207.
1.3 Malodors may be from natural or synthetic sources.
1.4 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. The user of this guide is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tools to address the experimental design.
1.5 This guide is designed to provide guidance in product formulation and new product development, and for quality control issues.
1.6 The scope of this guide does not include all guidance necessary to support claims. For further guidance the researcher may refer to Guide E1958. The usage of methods described in this guide can be used as part of a comprehensive claims support strategy for technical types of claims (such as claims that the product will create a sensory change when used on malodor). However, this guide does not address other important elements of the claim support strategy, including determining the statistical confidence requirements, or determination of the consumer relevance of the data obtained, as discussed in 1.7.
1.7 The testing of products designed to reduce malodors via sensory testing as outlined in the present Guide can yield technical support for products’ efficacy claims. The methods described in this guide—assesors with identified sensory acuity and trained, malodors that may be lab-created or synthetic, and controlled exposure to malodors in a controlled indoor environment—can deliver results with high internal validity. Internal validity refers to s...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E1593 − 21
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Efficacy of Consumer Products in Reducing
1
the Perception of Malodor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope environment—can deliver results with high internal validity.
Internalvalidityreferstostudiesdesignedsothatvariablesthat
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantita-
mayobscurethefindingofaneffectarecontrolledormanaged.
tive sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of
It is important to recognize that internal validity does not
malodors for the purpose of assessing the malodor reduction
assureexternalvalidity.Arobustsupportstrategyforamalodor
efficacy of consumer products including, but not limited to, air
efficacy claim is stronger with additional evidence that the
care, fabric care, home care, pet care, and similar products.
sensory effect is consumer perceivable. Such evidence of
1.2 This guide is not intended to cover axillary deodorancy;
product’s malodor reduction efficacy may be, for example,
refer instead to Guide E1207.
drawn from studies where consumers serve as evaluators, or
1.3 Malodors may be from natural or synthetic sources.
where the product is used to reduce malodors in a more
1.4 This guide is a compendium of information or series of representative environment (for example, at home).
options that does not recommend a specific course of action.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
The user of this guide is responsible for identifying the most
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tools to address the experimental design.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.5 This guide is designed to provide guidance in product
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
formulation and new product development, and for quality
Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6 and
control issues.
X3.6.3.7.
1.6 The scope of this guide does not include all guidance
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
necessary to support claims. For further guidance the re-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
searcher may refer to Guide E1958. The usage of methods
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
described in this guide can be used as part of a comprehensive
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
claims support strategy for technical types of claims (such as
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
claimsthattheproductwillcreateasensorychangewhenused
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
on malodor). However, this guide does not address other
important elements of the claim support strategy, including
2. Referenced Documents
determining the statistical confidence requirements, or deter-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mination of the consumer relevance of the data obtained, as
E253Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate-
discussed in 1.7.
rials and Products
1.7 Thetestingofproductsdesignedtoreducemalodorsvia
E544Practice for Referencing Suprathreshold Odor Inten-
sensory testing as outlined in the present Guide can yield
sity
technical support for products’ efficacy claims. The methods
E1207Guide for Sensory Evaluation of Axillary Deodor-
describedinthisguide—assesorswithidentifiedsensoryacuity
ancy
andtrained,malodorsthatmaybelab-createdorsynthetic,and
E1958Guide for Sensory Claim Substantiation
controlled exposure to malodors in a controlled indoor
E2263Test Method for Paired Preference Test
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory
Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.07 on Personal
2
Care and Household Evaluation. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 15, 2021. Published August 2021. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1593–13. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E1593-21. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United S
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E1593 − 13 E1593 − 21
Standard Guide for
Assessing the Efficacy of Air Care Consumer Products in
1
Reducing the Perception of Indoor Malodor
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for the quantitative sensory assessment of perceived olfactory intensity of indoor
malodors for the purpose of assessing the deodorant efficacy of air care products. This guide is limited to static conditions
only.malodor reduction efficacy of consumer products including, but not limited to, air care, fabric care, home care, pet care, and
similar products.
1.2 It is recognized that, though sometimes desirable, the use of actual “live” or formulated live malodors is often impractical due
to the inherent variability of the malodor sources.This guide is not intended to cover axillary deodorancy; refer instead to Guide
E1207A live malodor source may be used when practical. However, the use of a formulated odor source has several advantages,
including consistency and availability.
1.3 The reader should be aware of good sensory practices when preparing the test environment or substrate, developing and
training the panel.Malodors may be from natural or synthetic sources.
1.4 The researcher is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tool to
address the experimental design.
1.4 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide
is not intended to support claims. If the research objective is claim related, then the researcher needs to refer to GuideThe user of
this guide is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tools to address the
experimental E1958.design.
1.5 This guide is designed to provide guidance in product formulation and new product development, and for quality control
issues.
1.6 The scope of this guide does not include all guidance necessary to support claims. For further guidance the researcher may
refer to Guide E1958. The usage of methods described in this guide can be used as part of a comprehensive claims support strategy
for technical types of claims (such as claims that the product will create a sensory change when used on malodor). However, this
guide does not address other important elements of the claim support strategy, including determining the statistical confidence
requirements, or determination of the consumer relevance of the data obtained, as discussed in 1.7.
1
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on Sensory Evaluation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E18.07 on Personal Care and
Household Evaluation.
Current edition approved May 1, 2013July 15, 2021. Published May 2013August 2021. Originally approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 20062013 as
E1593 – 06.E1593 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/E1593-13.10.1520/E1593-21.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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E1593 − 21
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.testing of products designed to
reduce malodors via sensory testing as outlined in the present Guide can yield technical support for products’ efficacy claims. The
methods described in this guide—assesors with identified sensory acuity and trained, malodors that may be lab-created or
synthetic, and controlled exposure to malodors in a controlled indoor environment—can deliver results with high internal validity.
Internal validity refers to studies designed so that variables that may obscure the finding of an effect are controlled or managed.
It is important to recognize that internal validity does not assure external validity. A robust support strategy for a malodor efficacy
claim is stronger with additional evidence that the sensory effect is consumer perceivable. Such evidence of product’s malodor
reduction efficacy may be, for example, drawn from studies where
...
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