ASTM D3561-11

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Designation: D3561 − 11
StandardTest Method for
Lithium, Potassium, and Sodium Ions in Brackish Water,
Seawater, and Brines by Atomic Absorption
1
Spectrophotometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3561; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1.1 This test method covers the determination of soluble
lithium, potassium, and sodium ions in brackish water,
3. Terminology
2
seawater, and brines by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
1.2 Samplescontainingfrom0.1to70 000mg/Loflithium,
method, refer to Terminology D1129.
potassium, and sodium may be analyzed by this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.3 This test method has been used successfully with
artificial brine samples. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure
4.1 This test method is dependent on the fact that metallic
the validity of this test method for waters of untested matrices.
elements, in the ground state, will absorb light of the same
wavelength they emit when excited. When radiation from a
1.4 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to
given excited element is passed through a flame containing
be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
ground state atoms of that element, the intensity of the
are for information only.
transmitted radiation will decrease in proportion to the amount
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
of ground state element in the flame. A hollow cathode lamp
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
whose cathode is made of the element to be determined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4
provides the radiation. The metal atoms to be measured are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
placed in the beam of radiation by aspirating the specimen into
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
an oxidant fuel flame. A monochromator isolates the charac-
teristic radiation from the hollow cathode lamp, and a photo-
2. Referenced Documents
sensitive device measures the attenuated transmitted radiation,
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
which may be read as absorbance units or directly as concen-
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
tration on some instruments.
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
4.2 Sincethevariableandsometimeshighconcentrationsof
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
matrix materials in the waters and brines affect absorption
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
differently,itisdifficulttopreparestandardssufficientlysimilar
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
to the waters and brines. To overcome this difficulty, the
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
method of additions is used in which three identical samples
are prepared and varying amounts of a standard added to two
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water of them. The three samples are then aspirated, the concentra-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
tion readings recorded, and the original sample concentration
in Water.
calculated.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originally
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3561 – 02R07e01.
5. Significance and Use
DOI: 10.1520/D3561-11.
2
Fletcher, G. F. and Collins, A. G., Atomic Absorption Methods of Analysis of
5.1 Identification of a brackish water, seawater, or brine is
Oilfield Brines: Barium, Calcium, Copper, Iron, Lead, Lithium, Magnesium,
determined by comparison of the concentrations of their
Manganese, Potassium, Sodium, Strontium, and Zinc, U.S.BureauofMines,Report
ofInvestigations7861,1974,14pp.Collins,A.G.GeochemistryofOilfieldWaters,
Elsevier, New York, NY 1975.
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Angino, E. E., and Billings, G. K., Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry in
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Geology, Elsevier Publishing Co., New York, NY 1967. Dean, J. A., and Rains, T.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on C., Editors, Flame Emission and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Vol 1, Theory,
the ASTM website. Marcel Dekker, New York, NY 1969.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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