ASTM F1756-97a(2008)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: F1756 − 97a(Reapproved 2008) An American National Standard
Standard Guide for
Implementation of a Fleet Management System Network
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1756; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope forth. The SITPalso will provide the capability for the remote
administration and maintenance of associated computer sys-
1.1 This guide provides an overview and guide for the
tems aboard the vessel.
selectionandimplementationbyshipownersandoperatorsofa
Fleet Management System (FMS) network of computer ser-
1.4 The SITPrequires an underlying hardware and network
vices in a client/server architecture (see Fig. 1). The FMS is
infrastructure, including a shipboard computer local area net-
based upon a wide area enterprise network consisting of an
work (LAN), file servers, workstations, wireless communica-
unspecified number of Shipboard Information Technology
tionstransceivers,cabling,otherelectronicandopticaldevices,
Platforms (SITPs) and one or more shoreside Land-Based
video display units, keyboards, and so forth.
Information Technology Platforms (LITPs), which provides
1.5 The SITP also requires underlying system software
managementservicesfortheshippingenterprise.TheFMScan
providing network operating system (NOS) services, DBMS
be understood as a computer system comprised of one or more
services, and other system software.
LITPs and one or more SITPs. It can be characterized as
1.6 There also is a layer of shipboard application systems,
mission critical 24 × 365 (24 h/day, 365 days/year).
which are designed to capitalize on the FMS infrastructure to
1.2 The SITP (see Fig. 1) provides a set of software
share data with other shipboard systems and management
services, including:
ashore. Those systems also would be able to capitalize on the
1.2.1 Communications Services, to communicate between
remote management capabilities of the FMS.
vessels and with shore via multiple wireless communication
technologies; 1.7 The LITP is an asset that can exchange operating and
1.2.2 Data Acquisition Services, providing access to ship- administrative data from individual ships and maintain a
board system data as required for use by other systems and DBMS to support fleet management and other maritime
management purposes; and, applications. The LITP will support data repositories, file
1.2.3 ExecutiveServices,providingsoftwareprocessadmin- servers, workstations or personal computers (PCs), and a
istration and control.
communication hub providing connectivity to distributed sat-
1.2.4 In total, the SITP provides the capability for multiple ellite services, VHF (very high frequency), HF/MF (high
shipboard computer systems to share data with each other and
frequency/medium frequency), and land lines. The DBMS
tocommunicatewithshore-basedmanagementorothervessels makespossiblethedevelopmentofknowledge-based“decision
or both. aids” by providing the ability to retrieve, process, and analyze
operational data.
1.3 The SITP is understood to consist of integrated
hardware, software, a data repository, and standardized
1.8 This guide does not purport to address all the require-
procedures,whichprovidetheabilitytosend,receive,process,
mentsforaSITP,whichformsapathfordatafordirectcontrol
transfer, and store data or messages in digital form in a
of the operation or condition of the vessel or the vessel
common mode from shipboard systems or administrative
subsystems.
utilities or both, and from designated sources outside the
1.9 Inallcases,itshallbepossibleforallunitsofnavigation
network, for example, systems accessed through wireless
equipment resident on the Navigation Equipment Bus to
communication services, such as satellite, VHF, HF, and so
operate and display essential operating data independently of
forth. Shipboard systems include navigational, machinery con-
the FMS.
trol and monitoring, cargo control, communications, and so
1.10 Inallcases,itshallbepossibleforallunitsresidenton
theControl,Monitoring,andAlarmBustooperateanddisplay
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F25 on Ships and
essential operating data independently of the FMS.
Marine Technology and is the direct responsibility of F25.05 on Computer
Applications.
1.11 In all cases, it shall be possible for all units resident on
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2008.PublishedJuly2008.Originallyapproved
the Communications Bus to operate and display essential
in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as F1756-97a(2002). DOI:
10.1520/F1756-97AR08. operating data independently of the FMS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1756 − 97a (2008)
FIG. 1 Typical Architecture
1.12 Values shown in this guide are in SI units. IEEE 1012–1986(1992)Standard for Verification and Vali-
dation Plans
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
IEEE 45Recommended Practice for Electrical Installations
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
on Shipboard
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
IEEE 802Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Networks—Overview and Architecture
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
IEEE 802Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area
Networks—Interoperable LAN/MAN Security
2. Referenced Documents
2 IEEE 802.10e and 10fSupplements to IEEE 802.10
2.1 ASTM Standards:
IEEE 1003
E919Specification for Software Documentation for a Com-
3 IEEE 1063Standard for Software User Documentation
puterizedSystem(Discontinued2000)(Withdrawn2000)
2.4 IEC Documents:
E1013Terminology Relating to Computerized Systems
3 IEC 50International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV)
(Withdrawn 2000)
IEC 92–504Electrical Installations in Ships; Special Fea-
F1166Practice for Human Engineering Design for Marine
tures–Control and Instrumentation
Systems, Equipment, and Facilities
IEC 533Electromagnetic Compatability of Electrical and
F1757GuideforDigitalCommunicationProtocolsforCom-
Electronic Installations in Ships and of Mobile and Fixed
puterized Systems
Offshore Units
2.2 ANSI Standards:
IEC 945Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication
X3.172 Dictionary for Information Systems
Equipment and Systems
X3.172aDictionary for Information Systems (Computer Se-
IEC 1069Industrial–Process Measurement and Control—
curity Glossary)
Evaluation of System Properties for the Purpose of Sys-
2.3 IEEE Standards:
tem Assessment, Part 1: General Considerations and
IEEE1028–1988(R1993)StandardforSoftwareReviewand
Methodology; Part 2: Assessment Methodology
Audit
IEC 1162Maritime Navigation and Radiocommunication
Equipment and Systems—Digital Interfaces
IEC 1209Integrated Bridge Systems (IBS) for Ships
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2.5 NMEA (National Marine Electronics Association) Stan-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 6
dard:
the ASTM website.
NMEA 0183Standard for Interfacing Electronic Marine
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. Navigational Devices
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
5 6
Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE), Available from the National Marine Electronics Association (NMEA) Seven
445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org. Riggs Ave., Severna Park, MD 21146.
F1756 − 97a (2008)
3. Terminology numberofSITPsandtheLITP.TheFMScanbeunderstoodas
a computer system comprised of one or many shipboard
3.1 Definitions:
systems and one of many shoreside systems. It can be
3.1.1 Definitionsoftermsinthisguideanddescribedbelow
characterized as mission critical 24 × 365 (24 h/day, 365
are in accordance with Terminology E1013 andANSI X3.172
days/year).
and X3.172a.
3.1.17 independent, n—independent as applied to two sys-
3.1.2 application program, n—a computer program that
tems means that either system will operate with the failure of
performs a task related to the process being controlled rather
any part of the other system excluding the source of power.
than to the functioning of the computer itself.
3.1.18 interface, n—the interface attribute describes the
3.1.3 application programming interface (API), n—an API
methods and rules governing interaction between different
is a set of rules for linking various software components of a
entities.
network.
3.1.19 integration tests, n—tests performed during the
3.1.4 automatic information system (AIS), n— automatic
hardware/software integration process before computer system
distribution of a ship’s voyage information to all interested
validation to verify compatibility.
parties, that is, other ships, port state, owner, and so forth.
3.1.20 land-based communications hub, n— a land-based
3.1.5 baseband network, n—only one transmission can be
computer system that provides uniform access to multiple
on the network at any given time.
maritime satellite services, as well as access to public tele-
3.1.6 black box test, n—black box tests are based on the
phone networks, e-mail, and the internet.
design specification and do not require a knowledge of the
3.1.21 local area network (LAN), n—a network that con-
internal program structure.
nects computer systems resident in a small area. For purposes
3.1.7 certification, n—the process of formal approval, by an
of this guide, the SITP is considered a shipboard LAN with
authority empowered to do so, of arrangements or systems for
access to similar shoreside and shipboard units through radio
the reception, storage, or transmission of data and intelligence
and satellite telecommunication services.
relative to the management, operation, or control of vessels.
3.1.22 MSAT—satellite communications service covering
3.1.8 client server database engine, n— a commercial data
North America
basemanagementsystemservingasarepositoryforallcritical
3.1.23 multitasking, n—the capability to handle more than
ship operating and configuration information.
one task at a time
3.1.9 computer program, n—a set of ordered instructions
3.1.24 NAVTEX, n—a system for the broadcast and auto-
that specify operations in a form suitable for execution by a
matic reception of maritime safety information by means of a
digital computer.
narrow-band direct-printing telegraphy.
3.1.10 computer system, n—a functional unit, consisting of
3.1.25 network interface unit (NIU), n—the network inter-
one or more computers and associated software, that uses
face units (NIUs) provide for connection and message transla-
common storage for all or part of a program and also for all or
tion to enable data streams from systems, both hardware and
part of the data necessary for the execution of the program.
software, which may use various standard and proprietary
3.1.11 configuration manager, n—utilities that determine
communicationprotocolstobestoredandaccessedintheFMS
the data to be collected, the processing and storage rules, the
database in a standard format.
standard software functions that facilitate the interfaces be-
3.1.26 ship information technology platform (computing),
tweensystemsandtheFMSprocessserversandotherconfigu-
n—anintegratedsystemofsoftware,hardware,communication
ration parameters.
links, and standardized procedures that provide the ability to
3.1.12 data replicator/message processor, n— a software
collect, process, and store information in digital form.
module that is responsible for receiving, decoding, and storing
3.1.27 ship earth station, n—a mobile earth station for
communications and transmissions received from ships. This
maritime service located aboard a ship. Typically, a small
module also prepares data for transmission to a ship through
lightweight terminal with omnidirectional antenna with inter-
the land-based communications hub.
faces for a personal computer or any other data terminal
3.1.13 document management system, n—an application
equipment for message generation and display, for example,
that allows procedures manuals to be stored and accessed
Inmarsat C, or a steerable antenna mounted on a stabilized
electronically on shipboard and to be updated electronically.
platform, for example, Inmarsat A and B and M.
3.1.14 electronic mail system, n—a messaging and file
3.1.28 single failure criterion, n—a criterion applied to a
transfer system for both ship and shore.
system such that it is capable of performing its safety task in
the presence of any single failure.
3.1.15 fault tolerance, n—the built-in capacity of a system
to provide continued correct execution in the presence of a 3.1.29 software, n—programs, procedures, rules, and asso-
limited number of hardware of software faults. ciateddocumentationpertainingtotheoperationofacomputer
system.
3.1.16 fleet management system (FMS), n— a system of
computer services in a client/server architecture, based on a 3.1.30 software cycle—thesoftwarecycletypicallyincludes
wide area enterprise network consisting of an unspecified a requirements phase, a design phase, an implementation
F1756 − 97a (2008)
phase, a test phase, an installation and checkout phase, and an 4.7 Thisguideisintendedtoassistvesselowners,designers,
operation and maintenance phase. shipyards, equipment suppliers, and computer service provid-
ers in the development of contract technical specifications,
3.1.31 validation—the test and evaluation of the integrated
which detail the services to be supported, performance
computersystem,hardwareandsoftware,toensurecompliance
required, and criteria for acceptance for specific FMS installa-
with the functional, performance, and interface requirements.
tions.
3.1.32 verification, n—the process to determine if the prod-
uct of each phase of the digital computer system development
5. FMS Architecture
process satisfies the requirements set by the previous phase.
5.1 Network Design—There is an underlying computer
3.1.33 voyage data recorder (VDR), n—a store of
network to support the FMS.The functions of the FMS enable
information, in a secure and retrievable form, concerning the
a communication network that provides for the exchange of
position, movement, physical status, command, and con
...