Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping containers, etc.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 148.9 to 176.7 °C and 176.7 to 204.4 °C aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at a given temperature from an observed volume at an observed temperature, t °C. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 15 °F and 20 °C for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 A complete inch-pound unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Aug-2022

Relations

Effective Date
01-May-2020
Effective Date
01-Nov-2012
Effective Date
01-Jun-2009
Effective Date
01-Dec-2007
Effective Date
01-Jan-2006
Effective Date
01-Dec-2004
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Effective Date
01-Jun-2004
Effective Date
01-Nov-2003
Effective Date
10-Jan-2000
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Effective Date
10-Apr-1998
Effective Date
10-Apr-1996

Overview

ASTM D1555M-22: Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric] provides a metric calculation method for determining the volume and weight of a range of industrial aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclohexane. This standard, issued by ASTM International, is widely used by chemical manufacturers, storage facilities, and transport operators to ensure accurate quantity assessments and compliance with international measurement practices.

The method outlined in ASTM D1555M-22 applies specifically to chemicals such as benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes (including ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene), styrene, cumene, ethylbenzene, and cyclohexane. It provides procedures to calculate the volume of these chemicals at 15 °C or 20 °C from an observed volume at another temperature and to calculate weight from the standardized volume and known densities.

Key Topics

  • Volume and Weight Calculation: Detailed method to convert observed liquid volumes at various temperatures to standardized reference temperatures (15 °C or 20 °C).
  • Volume Correction Factor (VCF): Implementation of compound-specific equations and tables for precise volume adjustments based on observed temperatures.
  • In Vacuo and In Air Densities: Guidance on using true density measurements (in vacuo) as opposed to conventional scale measurements (in air), accounting for the buoyancy effect and improving accuracy (difference about 0.13%).
  • Applicable Compounds: Applicable to benzene, toluene, styrene, cumene, ethylbenzene, mixed xylenes, cyclohexane, and certain fractions of aromatic hydrocarbons within specified purity ranges.
  • SI Units Standardization: All calculations and reporting are performed in SI (metric) units as per international best practices.
  • Quality Assurance: Recommends modern densitometry methods and mandates reliable, accurate density determinations, typically to four significant digits.
  • Safety and Compliance: Users must establish appropriate health, safety, and environmental protocols, and account for regulatory limitations, although the standard itself does not specify such procedures.

Applications

  • Storage Tank Inventory: Useful for operators and inventory managers to accurately assess the volume and mass of aromatic hydrocarbons in bulk storage tanks, ensuring compliance and efficiency.
  • Transportation and Shipping: Facilitates the calculation of product quantity in shipping containers, tank cars, and similar settings, supporting logistics, customs documentation, and product transfers.
  • Manufacturing and Quality Control: Used by chemical manufacturers to validate quantities for processing, blending, and quality control during production and packaging.
  • Trade and Regulatory Reporting: Supports fair trade by providing a standard method for quantity determination, which is vital for sales contracts, regulatory compliance, and auditing.
  • International Operations: Alignment with WTO principles and SI unit standardization streamlines cross-border operations and harmonizes measurements between international partners.

Related Standards

  • ASTM D1555: Companion standard using inch-pound units for calculation of the volume and weight of aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclohexane.
  • ASTM D1217: Test method for determining density and relative density using Bingham Pycnometer.
  • ASTM D3505: Test method for density or relative density of pure liquid chemicals.
  • ASTM D4052: Test method for digital density meter measurements of density, relative density, and API gravity of liquids.

Summary

ASTM D1555M-22 is crucial for the accurate calculation of volume and weight of aromatic hydrocarbons and cyclohexane in industrial settings, supporting reliable inventory, trade, and manufacturing processes. Through standardization of measurement techniques and reporting in metric units, this standard improves consistency and ensures compliance across international chemical operations.

Keywords: ASTM D1555M-22, volume and weight calculation, industrial aromatic hydrocarbons, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, volume correction factor, density in vacuo, SI units, standard test method, chemical inventory, international trade compliance.

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM D1555M-22 is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping containers, etc. SCOPE 1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 148.9 to 176.7 °C and 176.7 to 204.4 °C aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at a given temperature from an observed volume at an observed temperature, t °C. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 15 °F and 20 °C for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 A complete inch-pound unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping containers, etc. SCOPE 1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 148.9 to 176.7 °C and 176.7 to 204.4 °C aromatic hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at a given temperature from an observed volume at an observed temperature, t °C. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 15 °F and 20 °C for chemicals used to develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air” represent what would be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights). 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.2.1 A complete inch-pound unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM D1555M-22 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.080.15 - Aromatic hydrocarbons. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM D1555M-22 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D1217-20, ASTM D1217-12, ASTM D1555-09, ASTM D1217-93(2007), ASTM D3505-96(2006), ASTM D1555-04a, ASTM D1555-04e1, ASTM D1555-04, ASTM D1217-93(2003)e1, ASTM D1555-95(2000), ASTM D3505-96, ASTM D3505-96(2000), ASTM D1217-93(1998), ASTM D4052-96(2002)e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM D1555M-22 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1555M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1555M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Spe-
volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-
cific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
xylene, meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene,
D1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight
148.9 to 176.7 °C and 176.7 to 204.4 °C aromatic
of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane
hydrocarbons, and cyclohexane. A method is given for calcu-
D3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure
lating the volume at a given temperature from an observed
Liquid Chemicals
volume at an observed temperature, t °C. Table 1 lists the
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
density in Vacuo at 15 °F and 20 °C for chemicals used to
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
develop the relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo”
2.2 Other Documents:
represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum
American Petroleum Society Research Project 44
without the buoyancy effect of air acting on the liquid. It is
Patterson,J.B.,andMorris,E.C., Metrologia,31,1994,pp.
representative of the actual amount of product present. Densi-
277-288
ties (or weights) “inair” represent what would be measured on
TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-
a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern
NIST 75-121, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 2001
densitometers measure density in vacuo and theASTM recom-
mends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1.The
standard.
information presented in this method can be used for deter-
1.2.1 A complete inch-pound unit companion standard has
mining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in
been developed in Test Method D1555.
tanks, shipping containers, etc.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Basic Data
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Densities of materials should be determined by mea-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surement (see Section 7). Densities of pure materials at 60 °F
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
may be estimated from densities furnished by NSRDS-NIST
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
75-121 (National Standard Reference Data Series—National
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Institute of Standards and Technology).
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations pro-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
vided below are derived from the Volume Correction imple-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mentation procedures presented in Method D1555.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on the ASTM website.
Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsi- “Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,”
bility of Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the Chemical
Their Derivatives. Thermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, College Station,
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published September 2022. Originally TX.
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D1555M– 16. DOI: Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100
10.1520/D1555M-22. Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1555M − 22
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Freezing Boiling Density in Vacuo Density in Air Density in Vacuo Density in Air
Product Point Point at 15 °C at 15 °C at 20 °C at 20 °C
A,B,C D C,E,F D
°C °C g/cc g/cc g/cc g/cc
Benzene 5.6 80.1 0.88431 0.88324 0.87908 0.87801
Cumene -96.1 152.4 0.86586 0.86479 0.86160 0.86053
Cyclohexane 6.6 80.7 0.78317 0.78209 0.77849 0.77741
Ethylbenzene -95.0 136.2 0.87126 0.87019 0.86685 0.86578
Styrene -30.6 145.2 0.91028 0.90922 0.90586 0.90480
Toluene -95.0 110.6 0.87147 0.87040 0.86686 0.86579
m-Xylene -47.9 139.1 0.86831 0.86724 0.86408 0.86301
o-Xylene -25.2 144.4 0.88387 0.88280 0.87968 0.87861
p-Xylene 13.3 138.3 0.86503 0.86396 0.86076 0.85969
A
Obtained from Method D1555 – 04a by multiplying the chemical’s 60 °F density by the volume correction factor for 59 °F.
B
Specific Gravity at 15 °C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 15 °C density in g/cc by 0.999102 g/cc. See Appendix X1.
C 3
g/cc can be converted to kg/1000L or kg/m by multiplying by 1000.
D
Produced using the equation: Density g/mL = (1.000149926 × Density g/mL − 0.001199407795) and rounding to 5 decimal places. See Appendix X2.
in air in vacuo
E
Obtained from Method D1555 – 04a by multiplying the chemical’s 60 °F density by the volume correction factor for 68 °F.
F
Specific Gravity at 20 °C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 20 °C density in g/cc by 0.998206 g/cc. See Appendix X1.
4.3 The former VCF tables were based on data for com-
2 3 4
fa 1 b 3 t 1 c 3 t 1 d 3 t 1 e 3 t g
o,f o,f o,f o,f
pounds used inAmerican Petroleum Institute Research Project
VCF5 (1)
2 3 4
a 1 b 3 t 1 c 3 t 1 d 3 t 1 e 3 t
f g
b,f b,f b,f b,f
44forwhichthepurityisnotclearlydefined,butwerereported
to be usable for materials in the ranges indicated in Table 2. t 5 1.83t 132
b,f b,c
The data supporting this conclusion appears to be unavailable
t 5 1.83t 132
o,f o,c
at the present time; however there is no reason to change this
recommendation. If, depending on the composition of the where:
impurities, there is reason to suspect that the VCF implemen-
VCF = Volume correction factor to base temperature from
tation procedures presented below do not apply to a particular
observed temperature; constants a through e are
impure product, a separate implementation procedure should
specific to each compound (obtained from Method
be independently determined. This may be done by measuring
D1555 and presented in Table 3),
the density of a representative sample at different temperatures
t = Desired volume correction factor base temperature in
b,f
throughouttheexpectedworkingtemperaturerange,regressing
°F,
the data to obtain a temperature/density equation that best
t = Desired volume correction factor base temperature in
b,c
reproduces the observed data, and then dividing the constants
°C,
ofthetemperature/densityequationbythecalculateddensityat t = Observed density temperature in °F, and
o,f
t = Observed density temperature in °C.
a given temperature where the density is desired.
o,c
5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree
5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure
Celsius.
5.1 The following general equation is used to generate the
5.1.2 The calculated result is rounded to the appropriate
Volume Correction Factors:
significant figures if it is to be reported and not rounded if to be
used in another calculation. No intermediate rounding or
truncation should be done.
5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 60 °C
(65.5 °C for p-xylene).
5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printed
tables of previous editions of this Method for determining
VCFs. The implementation procedure is the Standard, not
TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation Procedure
the printed tables. However, the printed tables are provided in
Impure Products Range
0.5 °C increments for the user’s convenience (Tables 4 and 5).
Benzene 95 to 100 %
Cumene 95 to 100 %
Cyclohexane 90 to 100 %
6. Use of the Implementation Procedure
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100 %
Styrene 95 to 100 %
6.1 Convert Volume to Base Temperature—Enter the appro-
Toluene 95 to 100 %
priate equation with the temperature to the nearest 0.1 degree
Mixed Xylenes All proportions
m-Xylene 95 to 100 %
Celsius at which the bulk volume was measured (temperature
o-Xylene 95 to 100 %
t). Multiply the bulk volume measurement at temperature t by
p-Xylene 94 to 100 %
the VCF.
148.9-176.7 °C Aromatic All proportions
Hydrocarbons
6.1.1 Example 1—What is the volume at 15 °C and at 20 °C
176.7-204.4 °C Aromatic All proportions
of a tank car of p-xylene whose volume was measured to be
Hydrocarbons
35 129 L at a mean temperature of 31.7 °C?
D1555M − 22
TABLE 3 VCF Constants
15 °C 20 °C
Product a b c d e VCF VCF
-4 -7 -10
Benzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 × 10 -2.8505 × 10 1.2692 × 10 0 1.00066 0.99474
-4 -8 -11
Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 × 10 -9.5067 × 10 3.6272 × 10 0 1.00055 0.99563
-4 -7 -10
Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 × 10 -1.4582 × 10 1.03538 × 10 0 1.00066 0.99468
-4 -10 -9 -12
Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 × 10 8.37035 × 10 -1.2692 × 10 5.55061 × 10 1.00056 0.99550
-4 -8
Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 × 10 -4.4323 × 10 0 0 1.00054 0.99568
-4 -9 -12
Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 × 10 2.46508 × 10 -7.2802 × 10 0 1.00059 0.99529
A -4 -7 -11
m-Xylene 1.031887514 -5.2326 × 10 -1.3253 × 10 -7.35960 × 10 0 1.00054 0.99567
-4 -9 -10
o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 × 10 -2.5217 × 10 -2.13840 × 10 0 1.00053 0.99579
-4 -7 -10
p-Xylene 1.032307000 -5.2815 × 10 -1.8416 × 10 1.89256 × 10 0 1.00054 0.99560
-4 -9 -11
148.9-176.7°C 1.031118000 -5.1827 × 10 -3.5109 × 10 -1.98360 × 10 0 1.00052 0.99585
-4 -8 -11
176.7-204.4°C 1.029099000 -4.8287 × 10 -3.7692 × 10 3.78575 × 10 0 1.00049 0.99610
A
and Mixed Xylenes.
For 15 °C, enter Eq 1 with 31.7 °C and the appropriate The weight of the net volume is thus:
constants from Table 3 to calculate a VCF of
34,546.2769635425 liters * 0.8646
0.983411909349613. Multiply the volume at 31.7 °C by the
5 298687110.626788 kg in vacuo
volume correction factor 0.983411909349613 to obtain the
34,546.2769635425 liters*0.86352964240057
volume at 15 °C.
5 29831.7341925989 kg in air
35129 · 0.983411909349613 5 34,546.2769635425 or 34546 liters
If this value is to be reported, it may be rounded appropri-
If this value is to be reported, the value can be rounded as
ately. The unrounded intermediate value should be used for
needed by the user. The unrounded intermediate value should
additional calculations.
be used for additional calculations.
For 20 °C, enter Eq 1 with 31.7 °C and the appropriate
A similar procedure would be followed for a reference
constantsforTable3tocalculateaVCFof0.98829143409066.
density of 20 °C.
Multiplythevolumeat31.7 °Cbythevolumecorrectionfactor
0.98829143409066 to obtain the volume at 15 °C.
7. Density Determination
35129 ·0.98829143409066 5 34,717.6897881708 or 34,718 liters
7.1 Density determinations may be carried out by any
6.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed in
procedure known to be reliable to at least 4 digits. Test
Table 1—Convert the measured bulk to liters at base tempera-
Methods D1217, D3505, and D4052 are suitable and are
ture as described in 6.1. Determine the density (all weights in
written to give density in vacuo. They should be used with
vacuo) at base temperature in grams per milliliter (equivalent
caution, however, as they may be using older data than that
to grams per cubic centimeter and kilograms per liter) as
upon which this standard is based upon.
described in Section 7. To obtain the density in air at base
temperature, use the equation described in footnote D of Table
8. Precision and Bias
1 or refer to Appendix X2:
D g⁄mL 5 1.00014926 · D g⁄mL 8.1 Since this is a calculation method, no precision and bias
@
in air in vacuo
statement is required.
2 0.00119940779543
#
To obtain the weight multiply the density by the volume to
9. Keywords
obtain the weight in vacuo or in air.
9.1 aromatic; benzene; calculation; conversion; cumene;
6.2.1 Example 2—The density of the p-xylene in Example 1
density; ethylbenzene; in air; in vacuo; m-xylene; mixed
hasbeendeterminedtobe0.8646g/mL(invacuo)at15 °C,the
xylene; o-xylene; p-xylene; specific gravity; styrene; 148.9 to
desnity in air is:
176.7 °C aromatic hydrocarbons; 176.7 to 204.4 °C aromatic
D 5 1.00014926 · 0.8646 2 0.00119940779543
@ #
in air
hydrocarbons; toluene; volume; weight
5 0.86352964240057 g⁄mL
D1555M − 22
TABLE 4 Volume Correction Factors
Volume Correction to 15 °C
176.7 to
m-Xylene 148.9 to
204.4 °C
Temperature Ethyl and 176.7 °C
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic
°C Benzene Mixed Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Xylenes Hydrocarbons
-20.5 . . . . . . . . . . .
-20.0 . . . . . 1.03707 . . . . .
-19.5 . . . . . 1.03654 . . . . .
-19.0 . . . . . 1.03601 . . . . .
-18.5 . . . . . 1.03548 . . . . .
-18.0 . . . . . 1.03495 . . . . .
-17.5 . . . . . 1.03442 . . . . .
-17.0 . . . . . 1.03389 . . . . .
-16.5 . . . . . 1.03336 . . . . .
-16.0 . . . . . 1.03283 . . . . .
-15.5 . . . . . 1.03230 . . . . .
-15.0 . 1.02916 . 1.03001 . 1.03177 1.02871 1.02828 . 1.02799 1.02618
-14.5 . 1.02868 . 1.02951 . 1.03124 1.02824 1.02781 . 1.02753 1.02575
-14.0 . 1.02820 . 1.02901 . 1.03071 1.02777 1.02734 . 1.02706 1.02531
-13.5 . 1.02771 . 1.02852 . 1.03018 1.02730 1.02686 . 1.02659 1.02488
-13.0 . 1.02723 . 1.02802 . 1.02965 1.02682 1.02639 . 1.02613 1.02444
-12.5 . 1.02675 . 1.02752 . 1.02912 1.02635 1.02592 . 1.02566 1.02401
-12.0 . 1.02627 . 1.02702 . 1.02859 1.02588 1.02545 . 1.02519 1.02357
-11.5 . 1.02579 . 1.02653 . 1.02806 1.02540 1.02498 . 1.02473 1.02314
-11.0 . 1.02530 . 1.02603 . 1.02753 1.02493 1.02451 . 1.02426 1.02270
-10.5 . 1.02482 . 1.02553 . 1.02700 1.02446 1.02404 . 1.02380 1.02227
-10.0 . 1.02434 . 1.02504 . 1.02647 1.02398 1.02357 . 1.02333 1.02183
-9.5 . 1.02385 . 1.02454 . 1.02594 1.02351 1.02310 . 1.02286 1.02140
-9.0 . 1.02337 . 1.02404 1.02322 1.02542 1.02303 1.02263 . 1.02240 1.02096
-8.5 . 1.02289 . 1.02354 1.02274 1.02489 1.02256 1.02216 . 1.02193 1.02052
-8.0 . 1.02240 . 1.02304 1.02226 1.02436 1.02208 1.02169 . 1.02146 1.02009
-7.5 . 1.02192 . 1.02255 1.02177 1.02383 1.02161 1.02122 . 1.02100 1.01965
-7.0 . 1.02144 . 1.02205 1.02129 1.02330 1.02113 1.02075 . 1.02053 1.01922
-6.5 . 1.02095 . 1.02155 1.02081 1.02277 1.02066 1.02028 . 1.02007 1.01878
-6.0 . 1.02047 . 1.02105 1.02033 1.02224 1.02018 1.01980 . 1.01960 1.01835
-5.5 . 1.01998 . 1.02055 1.01984 1.02171 1.01971 1.01933 . 1.01913 1.01791
-5.0 . 1.01950 . 1.02006 1.01936 1.02118 1.01923 1.01886 . 1.01867 1.01747
-4.5 . 1.01901 . 1.01956 1.01888 1.02065 1.01875 1.01839 . 1.01820 1.01704
-4.0 . 1.01853 . 1.01906 1.01840 1.02012 1.01828 1.01792 . 1.01773 1.01660
-3.5 . 1.01804 . 1.01856 1.01791 1.01959 1.01780 1.01745 . 1.01727 1.01617
-3.0 . 1.01756 . 1.01806 1.01743 1.01906 1.01732 1.01698 . 1.01680 1.01573
-2.5 . 1.01707 . 1.01756 1.01695 1.01853 1.01685 1.01651 . 1.01633 1.01529
-2.0 . 1.01659 . 1.01706 1.01646 1.01800 1.01637 1.01604 . 1.01587 1.01486
-1.5 . 1.01610 . 1.01656 1.01598 1.01747 1.01589 1.01557 . 1.01540 1.01442
-1.0 . 1.01562 . 1.01606 1.01550 1.01694 1.01541 1.01510 . 1.01493 1.01399
-0.5 . 1.01513 . 1.01557 1.01502 1.01641 1.01494 1.01462 . 1.01447 1.01355
0.0 . 1.01464 . 1.01507 1.01453 1.01588 1.01446 1.01415 . 1.01400 1.01311
0.5 . 1.01416 . 1.01457 1.01405 1.01535 1.01398 1.01368 . 1.01354 1.01268
1.0 . 1.01367 . 1.01407 1.01357 1.01482 1.01350 1.01321 . 1.01307 1.01224
1.5 . 1.01319 . 1.01357 1.01308 1.01429 1.01302 1.01274 . 1.01260 1.01180
2.0 . 1.01270 . 1.01307 1.01260 1.01376 1.01254 1.01227 . 1.01214 1.01137
2.5 . 1.01221 . 1.01257 1.01211 1.01324 1.01206 1.01180 . 1.01167 1.01093
3.0 . 1.01173 . 1.01206 1.01163 1.01271 1.01158 1.01132 . 1.01120 1.01049
3.5 . 1.01124 . 1.01156 1.01115 1.01218 1.01110 1.01085 . 1.01074 1.01006
4.0 . 1.01075 . 1.01106 1.01066 1.01165 1.01062 1.01038 . 1.01027 1.00962
4.5 . 1.01026 . 1.01056 1.01018 1.01112 1.01014 1.00991 . 1.00980 1.00918
5.0 . 1.00978 . 1.01006 1.00970 1.01059 1.00966 1.00944 . 1.00934 1.00875
5.5 . 1.00929 . 1.00956 1.00921 1.01006 1.00918 1.00897 . 1.00887 1.00831
6.0 1.01054 1.00880 . 1.00906 1.00873 1.00953 1.00870 1.00850 . 1.00840 1.00787
6.5 1.00995 1.00831 . 1.00856 1.00824 1.00900 1.00822 1.00802 . 1.00794 1.00744
7.0 1.00937 1.00782 1.00952 1.00805 1.00776 1.00847 1.00774 1.00755 . 1.00747 1.00700
7.5 1.00879 1.00734 1.00893 1.00755 1.00727 1.00794 1.00725 1.00708 . 1.00700 1.00656
8.0 1.00821 1.00685 1.00833 1.00705 1.00679 1.00741 1.00677 1.00661 . 1.00654 1.00612
8.5 1.00762 1.00636 1.00774 1.00655 1.00631 1.00688 1.00629 1.00614 . 1.00607 1.00569
9.0 1.00704 1.00587 1.00715 1.00605 1.00582 1.00635 1.00581 1.00566 . 1.00560 1.00525
9.5 1.00645 1.00538 1.00655 1.00554 1.00534 1.00582 1.00532 1.00519 . 1.00514 1.00481
10.0 1.00587 1.00489 1.00596 1.00504 1.00485 1.00529 1.00484 1.00472 . 1.00467 1.00437
10.5 1.00528 1.00440 1.00536 1.00454 1.00437 1.00476 1.00436 1.00425 . 1.00420 1.00394
11.0 1.00470 1.00391 1.00477 1.00403 1.00388 1.00423 1.00387 1.00378 . 1.00374 1.00350
11.5 1.00411 1.00342 1.00417 1.00353 1.00340 1.00370 1.00339 1.00330 . 1.00327 1.00306
12.0 1.00352 1.00294 1.00358 1.00303 1.00291 1.00317 1.00291 1.00283 . 1.00280 1.00262
12.5 1.00294 1.00245 1.00298 1.00252 1.00243 1.00264 1.00242 1.00236 . 1.00234 1.00219
13.0 1.00235 1.00196 1.00239 1.00202 1.00194 1.00212 1.00194 1.00189 . 1.00187 1.00175
13.5 1.00176 1.00147 1.00179 1.00152 1.00146 1.00159 1.00145 1.00141 1.00148 1.00140 1.00131
14.0 1.00117 1.00098 1.00119 1.00101 1.00097 1.00106 1.00097 1.00094 1.00099 1.00094 1.00087
D1555M − 22
TABLE 4 Continued
Volume Correction to 15 °C
176.7 to
m-Xylene 148.9 to
204.4 °C
Temperature Ethyl and 176.7 °C
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic
°C Benzene Mixed Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Xylenes Hydrocarbons
14.5 1.00058 1.00049 1.00060 1.00051 1.00049 1.00053 1.00048 1.00047 1.00050 1.00047 1.00043
15.0 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
15.5 0.99941 0.99950 0.99940 0.99950 0.99952 0.99947 0.99951 0.99952 0.99951 0.99954 0.99956
16.0 0.99882 0.99901 0.99881 0.99899 0.99903 0.99894 0.99903 0.99905 0.99902 0.99907 0.99912
16.5 0.99822 0.99852 0.99821 0.99849 0.99854 0.99841 0.99854 0.99858 0.99852 0.99860 0.99868
17.0 0.99763 0.99803 0.99761 0.99798 0.99806 0.99788 0.99806 0.99810 0.99803 0.99814 0.99824
17.5 0.99704 0.99754 0.99702 0.99748 0.99757 0.99735 0.99757 0.99763 0.99754 0.99767 0.99781
18.0 0.99645 0.99705 0.99642 0.99697 0.99709 0.99682 0.99708 0.99716 0.99704 0.99720 0.99737
18.5 0.99586 0.99656 0.99582 0.99647 0.99660 0.99629 0.99659 0.99668 0.99655 0.99674 0.99693
19.0 0.99527 0.99607 0.99522 0.99596 0.99612 0.99576 0.99611 0.99621 0.99605 0.99627 0.99649
19.5 0.99467 0.99557 0.99462 0.99545 0.99563 0.99523 0.99562 0.99574 0.99556 0.99580 0.99605
20.0 0.99408 0.99508 0.99402 0.99495 0.99514 0.99470 0.99513 0.99526 0.99506 0.99534 0.99561
20.5 0.99349 0.99459 0.99343 0.99444 0.99466 0.99417 0.99464 0.99479 0.99457 0.99487 0.99518
21.0 0.99289 0.99410 0.99283 0.99393 0.99417 0.99364 0.99416 0.99432 0.99407 0.99440 0.99474
21.5 0.99230 0.99361 0.99223 0.99343 0.99368 0.99311 0.99367 0.99384 0.99358 0.99393 0.99430
22.0 0.99170 0.99311 0.99163 0.99292 0.99320 0.99258 0.99318 0.99337 0.99308 0.99347 0.99386
22.5 0.99111 0.99262 0.99103 0.99241 0.99271 0.99206 0.99269 0.99289 0.99258 0.99300 0.99342
23.0 0.99051 0.99213 0.99043 0.99191 0.99223 0.99153 0.99220 0.99242 0.99209 0.99253 0.99298
23.5 0.98991 0.99164 0.98983 0.99140 0.99174 0.99100 0.99171 0.99195 0.99159 0.99207 0.99254
24.0 0.98932 0.99114 0.98923 0.99089 0.99125 0.99047 0.99122 0.99147 0.99109 0.99160 0.99210
24.5 0.98872 0.99065 0.98863 0.99038 0.99076 0.98994 0.99073 0.99100 0.99060 0.99113 0.99167
25.0 0.98812 0.99016 0.98803 0.98988 0.99028 0.98941 0.99024 0.99053 0.99010 0.99067 0.99123
25.5 0.98752 0.98966 0.98743 0.98937 0.98979 0.98888 0.98975 0.99005 0.98960 0.99020 0.99079
26.0 0.98693 0.98917 0.98683 0.98886 0.98930 0.98835 0.98926 0.98958 0.98910 0.98973 0.99035
26.5 0.98633 0.98868 0.98622 0.98835 0.98882 0.98782 0.98877 0.98910 0.98861 0.98927 0.98991
27.0 0.98573 0.98818 0.98562 0.98784 0.98833 0.98729 0.98828 0.98863 0.98811 0.98880 0.98947
27.5 0.98513 0.98769 0.98502 0.98733 0.98784 0.98676 0.98779 0.98816 0.98761 0.98833 0.98903
28.0 0.98453 0.98719 0.98442 0.98683 0.98736 0.98623 0.98730 0.98768 0.98711 0.98786 0.98859
28.5 0.98393 0.98670 0.98382 0.98632 0.98687 0.98570 0.98680 0.98720 0.98661 0.98740 0.98815
29.0 0.98333 0.98621 0.98322 0.98581 0.98638 0.98517 0.98631 0.98673 0.98611 0.98693 0.98771
29.5 0.98272 0.98571 0.98261 0.98530 0.98589 0.98464 0.98582 0.98625 0.98561 0.98646 0.98727
30.0 0.98212 0.98522 0.98201 0.98479 0.98541 0.98411 0.98533 0.98578 0.98511 0.98600 0.98683
30.5 0.98152 0.98472 0.98141 0.98428 0.98492 0.98358 0.98484 0.98530 0.98461 0.98553 0.98639
31.0 0.98092 0.98423 0.98080 0.98377 0.98443 0.98305 0.98434 0.98483 0.98411 0.98506 0.98595
31.5 0.98032 0.98373 0.98020 0.98326 0.98394 0.98253 0.98385 0.98435 0.98361 0.98459 0.98552
32.0 0.97971 0.98324 0.97960 0.98275 0.98345 0.98200 0.98336 0.98388 0.98311 0.98413 0.98508
32.5 0.97911 0.98274 0.97899 0.98224 0.98297 0.98147 0.98286 0.98340 0.98261 0.98366 0.98464
33.0 0.97850 0.98225 0.97839 0.98173 0.98248 0.98094 0.98237 0.98293 0.98211 0.98319 0.98420
33.5 0.97790 0.98175 0.97779 0.98122 0.98199 0.98041 0.98187 0.98245 0.98161 0.98273 0.98376
34.0 0.97729 0.98125 0.97718 0.98071 0.98150 0.97988 0.98138 0.98198 0.98111 0.98226 0.98332
34.5 0.97669 0.98076 0.97658 0.98020 0.98101 0.97935 0.98088 0.98150 0.98061 0.98179 0.98288
35.0 0.97608 0.98026 0.97597 0.97969 0.98053 0.97882 0.98039 0.98102 0.98010 0.98132 0.98244
35.5 0.97548 0.97977 0.97537 0.97918 0.98004 0.97829 0.97989 0.98055 0.97960 0.98086 0.98200
36.0 0.97487 0.97927 0.97476 0.97867 0.97955 0.97776 0.97940 0.98007 0.97910 0.98039 0.98156
36.5 0.97426 0.97877 0.97416 0.97816 0.97906 0.97723 0.97890 0.97959 0.97860 0.97992 0.98112
37.0 0.97366 0.97828 0.97355 0.97765 0.97857 0.97670 0.97841 0.97912 0.97809 0.97945 0.98068
37.5 0.97305 0.97778 0.97295 0.97713 0.97808 0.97617 0.97791 0.97864 0.97759 0.97899 0.98024
38.0 0.97244 0.97728 0.97234 0.97662 0.97760 0.97564 0.97741 0.97816 0.97709 0.97852 0.97980
38.5 0.97183 0.97679 0.97174 0.97611 0.97711 0.97511 0.97692 0.97769 0.97658 0.97805 0.97936
39.0 0.97122 0.97629 0.97113 0.97560 0.97662 0.97458 0.97642 0.97721 0.97608 0.97758 0.97892
39.5 0.97061 0.97579 0.97053 0.97509 0.97613 0.97405 0.97592 0.97673 0.97558 0.97712 0.97848
40.0 0.97000 0.97529 0.96992 0.97458 0.97564 0.97353 0.97543 0.97626 0.97207 0.97665 0.97804
40.5 0.96939 0.97480 0.96931 0.97407 0.97515 0.97300 0.97493 0.97578 0.97457 0.97618 0.97760
41.0 0.96878 0.97430 0.96871 0.97356 0.97466 0.97247 0.97443 0.97530 0.97407 0.97571 0.97716
41.5 0.96817 0.97380 0.96810 0.97304 0.97417 0.97194 0.97393 0.97483 0.97356 0.97525 0.97672
42.0 0.96756 0.97330 0.96749 0.97253 0.97368 0.97141 0.97343 0.97435 0.97306 0.97478 0.97627
42.5 0.96695 0.97281 0.96688 0.97202 0.97319 0.97088 0.97293 0.97387 0.97255 0.97431 0.97583
43.0 0.96634 0.97231 0.96628 0.97151 0.97270 0.97035 0.97244 0.97339
...


This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1555M − 16 D1555M − 22
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane [Metric]
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1555M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard is for use in calculating the weight and volume of benzene, toluene, mixed xylenes, styrene, ortho-xylene,
meta-xylene, para-xylene, cumene, ethylbenzene, 148.9 to 176.7°C176.7 °C and 176.7 to 204.4°C204.4 °C aromatic hydrocarbons,
and cyclohexane. A method is given for calculating the volume at 15°C and 20°Ca given temperature from an observed volume
at an observed temperature, t°C. °C. Table 1 lists the density in Vacuo at 60°F 15 °F and 20 °C for chemicals used to develop the
relationship. Densities (or weights) “in vacuo” represent the true density (or weight) if measured in a vacuum without the buoyancy
effect of air acting on the liquid. It is representative of the actual amount of product present. Densities (or weights) “in air”
represent what would actually be measured on a scale. The difference is on the order of 0.13 %. Modern densitometers measure
density in vacuo and the ASTM recommends the use of in vacuo densities (or weights).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 A complete inch-pound unit companion standard has been developed in Test Method D1555.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density (Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
D1555 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight of Industrial Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cyclohexane
D3505 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Pure Liquid Chemicals
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
2.2 Other Documents:
American Petroleum Society Research Project 44
Patterson, J. B., and Morris, E. C., Metrologia, 31, 1994, pp. 277-288
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D16 on Aromatic, Industrial, Specialty and Related Chemicals and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D16.01 on Benzene, Toluene, Xylenes, Cyclohexane and Their Derivatives.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2022. Published April 2017September 2022. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20082016 as
ɛ1
D1555M– 08– 16. . DOI: 10.1520/D1555M-16.10.1520/D1555M-22.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
“Selected Values of Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,” prepared by American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 at the Chemical
Thermodynamics Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M, College Station, TX.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D1555M − 22
TABLE 1 Physical Properties
Freezing Boiling Density in Vacuo Density in Air Density in Vacuo Density in Air
Product Point Point at 15°C15 °C at 15°C15 °C at 20°C20 °C at 20°C20 °C
A,B,C D C,E,F D
°C °C g/cc g/cc g/cc g/cc
Benzene 5.6 80.1 0.88431 0.88324 0.87908 0.87801
Cumene -96.1 152.4 0.86586 0.86479 0.86160 0.86053
Cyclohexane 6.6 80.7 0.78317 0.78209 0.77849 0.77741
Ethylbenzene -95.0 136.2 0.87126 0.87019 0.86685 0.86578
Styrene -30.6 145.2 0.91028 0.90922 0.90586 0.90480
Toluene -95.0 110.6 0.87147 0.87040 0.86686 0.86579
m-Xylene -47.9 139.1 0.86831 0.86724 0.86408 0.86301
o-Xylene -25.2 144.4 0.88387 0.88280 0.87968 0.87861
p-Xylene 13.3 138.3 0.86503 0.86396 0.86076 0.85969
A
Obtained from Method D1555 – 04a by multiplying the chemical’s 60°F60 °F density by the volume correction factor for 59°F.59 °F.
B
Specific Gravity at 15°C15 °C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 15°C15 °C density in g/cc by 0.999102 g/cc. See
Appendix X1.
C 3
g/cc can be converted to kg/1000L or kg/m by multiplying by 1000.
D
Produced using the equation: Density g/mL = (1.000149926 × Density g/mL − 0.001199407795) and rounding to 5 decimal places. See Appendix X2.
in air in vacuo
E
Obtained from Method D1555 - 04a – 04a by multiplying the chemical’s 60°F60 °F density by the volume correction factor for 68°F.68 °F.
F
Specific Gravity at 20°C20 °C is not presented in this table as it is unnecessary to this standard. If needed, divide 20°C20 °C density in g/cc by 0.998206 g/cc. See
Appendix X1.
TRC Thermodynamic Tables—Hydrocarbons, NSRDS-NIST 75-121, Supplement No. 121, April 30, 2001
3. Significance and Use
3.1 This test method is suitable for use in calculating weights and volumes of the products outlined in Section 1. The information
presented in this method can be used for determining quantities of the above-stated aromatic hydrocarbons in tanks, shipping
containers, etc.
4. Basic Data
4.1 Densities of materials should be determined by measurement (see Section 7). Densities of pure materials at 60°F60 °F may
be estimated from densities furnished by NSRDS-NIST 75-121 (National Standard Reference Data Series—National Institute of
Standards and Technology).
4.2 The VCF (Volume Correction Factor) equations provided below are derived from the Volume Correction implementation
procedures presented in Method D1555.
4.3 The former VCF tables were based on data for compounds used in American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 for which
the purity is not clearly defined, but were reported to be usable for materials in the ranges indicated in Table 2. The data supporting
this conclusion appears to be unavailable at the present time; however there is no reason to change this recommendation. If,
depending on the composition of the impurities, there is reason to suspect that the VCF implementation procedures presented
below do not apply to a particular impure product, a separate implementation procedure should be independently determined. This
may be done by measuring the density of a representative sample at different temperatures throughout the expected working
temperature range, regressing the data to obtain a temperature/density equation that best reproduces the observed data, and then
dividing the constants of the temperature/density equation by the calculated density at 15°C and 20°C.a given temperature where
the density is desired.
5. Volume Correction Factor Implementation Procedure
5.1 The following general equation is used to generate the Volume Correction Factors:
Available from National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Dr., Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1070, http://www.nist.gov.
D1555M − 22
TABLE 2 Application Range of Implementation Procedure
Impure Products Range
Benzene 95 to 100%
Benzene 95 to 100 %
Cumene 95 to 100%
Cumene 95 to 100 %
Cyclohexane 90 to 100%
Cyclohexane 90 to 100 %
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100%
Ethylbenzene 95 to 100 %
Styrene 95 to 100%
Styrene 95 to 100 %
Toluene 95 to 100%
Toluene 95 to 100 %
Mixed Xylenes All proportions
m-Xylene 95 to 100%
m-Xylene 95 to 100 %
o-Xylene 95 to 100%
o-Xylene 95 to 100 %
p-Xylene 94 to 100%
p-Xylene 94 to 100 %
148.9-176.7°C Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
148.9-176.7 °C Aromatic All proportions
Hydrocarbons
176.7-204.4°C Aromatic Hydrocarbons All proportions
176.7-204.4 °C Aromatic All proportions
Hydrocarbons
VCF5 (1)
2 3 4
a1bf1.8 t 1 32g1cs1.8 t 1 32 d 1 d s1.8 t 1 32 d 1 e s1.8 t 1 32 d
XX
VCF
(1)
2 3 4
fa 1 b 3 t 1 c 3 t 1 d 3 t 1 e 3 t g
o,f o,f o,f o,f
VCF 5 (1)
2 3 4
fa 1 b 3 t 1 c 3 t 1 d 3 t 1 e 3 t g
b,f b,f b,f b,f
t 51.8 3t 132
b,f b,c
t 51.8 3t 132
o,f o,c
where:
t = temperature in °C,
XX 59°F 68°F
VCF = VCF or VCF
VCF = Volume correction factor to base temperature from observed temperature; constants a through e are specific to each
compound (obtained from Method D1555 and presented in Table 3),
t = Desired volume correction factor base temperature in °F,
b,f
t = Desired volume correction factor base temperature in °C,
b,c
t = Observed density temperature in °F, and
o,f
t = Observed density temperature in °C.
o,c
XX
constants a through e and VCF are specific to each compound (obtained from Method D1555 and presented in Table 3).
5.1.1 Temperature may be entered in tenths of a degree Celsius.
5.1.2 The calculated result is rounded to the appropriate significant figures if it is to be reported and not rounded if to be used in
another calculation. No intermediate rounding or truncation should be done.
5.1.3 The equations are valid for liquid product up to 60°C (65.5°C60 °C (65.5 °C for p-xylene).
5.1.4 This implementation procedure replaces the printed tables of previous editions of this Method for determining VCFs. The
implementation procedure is the Standard, not the printed tables. However, the printed tables are provided in 0.5°C0.5 °C
increments for the user’s convenience (Tables 4 and 5).
D1555M − 22
TABLE 3 VCF Constants
59F15 °C 68F20 °C
Product a b c d e VCF VCF
-4 -7 -10
Benzene 1.038382492 -6.2307 × 10 -2.8505 × 10 1.2692 × 10 0 1.00066 0.99474
-4 -8 -11
Cumene 1.032401114 -5.3445 × 10 -9.5067 × 10 3.6272 × 10 0 1.00055 0.99563
-4 -7 -10
Cyclohexane 1.039337296 -6.4728 × 10 -1.4582 × 10 1.03538 × 10 0 1.00066 0.99468
-4 -10 -9 -12
Ethylbenzene 1.033346632 -5.5243 × 10 8.37035 × 10 -1.2692 × 10 5.55061 × 10 1.00056 0.99550
-4 -8
Styrene 1.032227515 -5.3444 × 10 -4.4323 × 10 0 0 1.00054 0.99568
-4 -9 -12
Toluene 1.035323647 -5.8887 × 10 2.46508 × 10 -7.2802 × 10 0 1.00059 0.99529
A -4 -7 -11
m-Xylene 1.031887514 -5.2326 × 10 -1.3253 × 10 -7.35960 × 10 0 1.00054 0.99567
-4 -9 -10
o-Xylene 1.031436449 -5.2302 × 10 -2.5217 × 10 -2.13840 × 10 0 1.00053 0.99579
-4 -7 -10
p-Xylene 1.032307000 -5.2815 × 10 -1.8416 × 10 1.89256 × 10 0 1.00054 0.99560
-4 -9 -11
148.9-176.7°C 1.031118000 -5.1827 × 10 -3.5109 × 10 -1.98360 × 10 0 1.00052 0.99585
-4 -8 -11
176.7-204.4°C 1.029099000 -4.8287 × 10 -3.7692 × 10 3.78575 × 10 0 1.00049 0.99610
A
and Mixed Xylenes.
6. Use of the Implementation Procedure
6.1 Convert Volume to 15°C or 20°C—Base Temperature—Enter the appropriate equation with the temperature to the nearest 0.1
degree Celsius at which the bulk volume was measured (temperature t). Multiply the bulk volume measurement at temperature t
by the VCF.
6.1.1 Example 1—What is the volume at 15°C15 °C and at 20°C20 °C of a tank car of p-xylene whose volume was measured to
be 35,129 liters35 129 L at a mean temperature of 31.7°C?31.7 °C?
For 15°C,15 °C, enter Eq 1 with 31.7°C31.7 °C and the appropriate constants from Table 3 to calculate a VCF of
0.983411909349613. Multiply the volume at 31.7°C31.7 °C by the volume correction factor 0.983411909349613 to obtain the
volume at 15°C.15 °C.
35129 · 0.983411909349613 5 34,546.2769635425 or 34546 liters
If this value is to be reported, it may be rounded appropriately. The unrounded intermediate value should be used for additional
calculations.
For 20°C,20 °C, enter Eq 1 with 31.7°C31.7 °C and the appropriate constants for Table 3 to calculate a VCF of
0.98829143409066. Multiply the volume at 31.7°C31.7 °C by the volume correction factor 0.98829143409066 to obtain the
volume at 15°C.15 °C.
35129 ·0.98829143409066 5 34,717.6897881708 or 34,718 liters
6.2 Converting Volume to Weight for Chemicals Listed in Table 1—Convert the measured bulk to liters at 15°C or 20°C base
temperature as described in 6.1. Determine the density (all weights in vacuo) at 15°C or 20°C base temperature in grams per
milliliter (equivalent to grams per cubic centimeter and kilograms per liter) as described in Section 7. To obtain the density in air
at 15°C or 20°C, base temperature, use the equation described in footnote D of Table 1 or refer to Appendix X2:
D g⁄mL 5 @1.00014926 · D g⁄mL 2 0.00119940779543#
in air in vacuo
To obtain the weight multiply the density by the volume to obtain the weight in vacuo or in air.
6.2.1 Example 2—The density of the p-xylene in Example 1 has been determined to be 0.8646 g/mL (in vacuo) at 15°C,15 °C,
the desnity in air is:
D 5 @1.00014926 · 0.8646 2 0.00119940779543# 5 0.86352964240057 g⁄mL
in air
The weight of the net volume is thus:
34,546.2769635425 liters * 0.8646 5 298687110.626788 kg in vacuo
34,546.2769635425 liters*0.86352964240057 5 29831.7341925989 kg in air
If this value is to be reported, the value can be rounded as needed by the user. The unrounded intermediate value should be used
for additional calculations.
A similar procedure would be followed for a reference density of 20°C.20 °C.
7. Density Determination
7.1 Density determinations may be carried out by any procedure known to be reliable to at least 4 digits. Test Methods D1217,
D1555M − 22
TABLE 4 Volume Correction Factors
Volume Correction to 15°C15 °C
176.7 to
m-Xylene 148.9 to
204.4°C204.4 °C
Temperature Ethyl and 176.7°C176.7 °C
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic
°C Benzene Mixed Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Xylenes Hydrocarbons
-20.5 . . . . . . . . . . .
-20.0 . . . . . 1.03707 . . . . .
-19.5 . . . . . 1.03654 . . . . .
-19.0 . . . . . 1.03601 . . . . .
-18.5 . . . . . 1.03548 . . . . .
-18.0 . . . . . 1.03495 . . . . .
-17.5 . . . . . 1.03442 . . . . .
-17.0 . . . . . 1.03389 . . . . .
-16.5 . . . . . 1.03336 . . . . .
-16.0 . . . . . 1.03283 . . . . .
-15.5 . . . . . 1.03230 . . . . .
-15.0 . 1.02916 . 1.03001 . 1.03177 1.02871 1.02828 . 1.02799 1.02618
-14.5 . 1.02868 . 1.02951 . 1.03124 1.02824 1.02781 . 1.02753 1.02575
-14.0 . 1.02820 . 1.02901 . 1.03071 1.02777 1.02734 . 1.02706 1.02531
-13.5 . 1.02771 . 1.02852 . 1.03018 1.02730 1.02686 . 1.02659 1.02488
-13.0 . 1.02723 . 1.02802 . 1.02965 1.02682 1.02639 . 1.02613 1.02444
-12.5 . 1.02675 . 1.02752 . 1.02912 1.02635 1.02592 . 1.02566 1.02401
-12.0 . 1.02627 . 1.02702 . 1.02859 1.02588 1.02545 . 1.02519 1.02357
-11.5 . 1.02579 . 1.02653 . 1.02806 1.02540 1.02498 . 1.02473 1.02314
-11.0 . 1.02530 . 1.02603 . 1.02753 1.02493 1.02451 . 1.02426 1.02270
-10.5 . 1.02482 . 1.02553 . 1.02700 1.02446 1.02404 . 1.02380 1.02227
-10.0 . 1.02434 . 1.02504 . 1.02647 1.02398 1.02357 . 1.02333 1.02183
-9.5 . 1.02385 . 1.02454 . 1.02594 1.02351 1.02310 . 1.02286 1.02140
-9.0 . 1.02337 . 1.02404 1.02322 1.02542 1.02303 1.02263 . 1.02240 1.02096
-8.5 . 1.02289 . 1.02354 1.02274 1.02489 1.02256 1.02216 . 1.02193 1.02052
-8.0 . 1.02240 . 1.02304 1.02226 1.02436 1.02208 1.02169 . 1.02146 1.02009
-7.5 . 1.02192 . 1.02255 1.02177 1.02383 1.02161 1.02122 . 1.02100 1.01965
-7.0 . 1.02144 . 1.02205 1.02129 1.02330 1.02113 1.02075 . 1.02053 1.01922
-6.5 . 1.02095 . 1.02155 1.02081 1.02277 1.02066 1.02028 . 1.02007 1.01878
-6.0 . 1.02047 . 1.02105 1.02033 1.02224 1.02018 1.01980 . 1.01960 1.01835
-5.5 . 1.01998 . 1.02055 1.01984 1.02171 1.01971 1.01933 . 1.01913 1.01791
-5.0 . 1.01950 . 1.02006 1.01936 1.02118 1.01923 1.01886 . 1.01867 1.01747
-4.5 . 1.01901 . 1.01956 1.01888 1.02065 1.01875 1.01839 . 1.01820 1.01704
-4.0 . 1.01853 . 1.01906 1.01840 1.02012 1.01828 1.01792 . 1.01773 1.01660
-3.5 . 1.01804 . 1.01856 1.01791 1.01959 1.01780 1.01745 . 1.01727 1.01617
-3.0 . 1.01756 . 1.01806 1.01743 1.01906 1.01732 1.01698 . 1.01680 1.01573
-2.5 . 1.01707 . 1.01756 1.01695 1.01853 1.01685 1.01651 . 1.01633 1.01529
-2.0 . 1.01659 . 1.01706 1.01646 1.01800 1.01637 1.01604 . 1.01587 1.01486
-1.5 . 1.01610 . 1.01656 1.01598 1.01747 1.01589 1.01557 . 1.01540 1.01442
-1.0 . 1.01562 . 1.01606 1.01550 1.01694 1.01541 1.01510 . 1.01493 1.01399
-0.5 . 1.01513 . 1.01557 1.01502 1.01641 1.01494 1.01462 . 1.01447 1.01355
0.0 . 1.01464 . 1.01507 1.01453 1.01588 1.01446 1.01415 . 1.01400 1.01311
0.5 . 1.01416 . 1.01457 1.01405 1.01535 1.01398 1.01368 . 1.01354 1.01268
1.0 . 1.01367 . 1.01407 1.01357 1.01482 1.01350 1.01321 . 1.01307 1.01224
1.5 . 1.01319 . 1.01357 1.01308 1.01429 1.01302 1.01274 . 1.01260 1.01180
2.0 . 1.01270 . 1.01307 1.01260 1.01376 1.01254 1.01227 . 1.01214 1.01137
2.5 . 1.01221 . 1.01257 1.01211 1.01324 1.01206 1.01180 . 1.01167 1.01093
3.0 . 1.01173 . 1.01206 1.01163 1.01271 1.01158 1.01132 . 1.01120 1.01049
3.5 . 1.01124 . 1.01156 1.01115 1.01218 1.01110 1.01085 . 1.01074 1.01006
4.0 . 1.01075 . 1.01106 1.01066 1.01165 1.01062 1.01038 . 1.01027 1.00962
4.5 . 1.01026 . 1.01056 1.01018 1.01112 1.01014 1.00991 . 1.00980 1.00918
5.0 . 1.00978 . 1.01006 1.00970 1.01059 1.00966 1.00944 . 1.00934 1.00875
5.5 . 1.00929 . 1.00956 1.00921 1.01006 1.00918 1.00897 . 1.00887 1.00831
6.0 1.01054 1.00880 . 1.00906 1.00873 1.00953 1.00870 1.00850 . 1.00840 1.00787
6.5 1.00995 1.00831 . 1.00856 1.00824 1.00900 1.00822 1.00802 . 1.00794 1.00744
7.0 1.00937 1.00782 1.00952 1.00805 1.00776 1.00847 1.00774 1.00755 . 1.00747 1.00700
7.5 1.00879 1.00734 1.00893 1.00755 1.00727 1.00794 1.00725 1.00708 . 1.00700 1.00656
8.0 1.00821 1.00685 1.00833 1.00705 1.00679 1.00741 1.00677 1.00661 . 1.00654 1.00612
8.5 1.00762 1.00636 1.00774 1.00655 1.00631 1.00688 1.00629 1.00614 . 1.00607 1.00569
9.0 1.00704 1.00587 1.00715 1.00605 1.00582 1.00635 1.00581 1.00566 . 1.00560 1.00525
9.5 1.00645 1.00538 1.00655 1.00554 1.00534 1.00582 1.00532 1.00519 . 1.00514 1.00481
10.0 1.00587 1.00489 1.00596 1.00504 1.00485 1.00529 1.00484 1.00472 . 1.00467 1.00437
10.5 1.00528 1.00440 1.00536 1.00454 1.00437 1.00476 1.00436 1.00425 . 1.00420 1.00394
11.0 1.00470 1.00391 1.00477 1.00403 1.00388 1.00423 1.00387 1.00378 . 1.00374 1.00350
11.5 1.00411 1.00342 1.00417 1.00353 1.00340 1.00370 1.00339 1.00330 . 1.00327 1.00306
12.0 1.00352 1.00294 1.00358 1.00303 1.00291 1.00317 1.00291 1.00283 . 1.00280 1.00262
12.5 1.00294 1.00245 1.00298 1.00252 1.00243 1.00264 1.00242 1.00236 . 1.00234 1.00219
13.0 1.00235 1.00196 1.00239 1.00202 1.00194 1.00212 1.00194 1.00189 . 1.00187 1.00175
13.5 1.00176 1.00147 1.00179 1.00152 1.00146 1.00159 1.00145 1.00141 1.00148 1.00140 1.00131
14.0 1.00117 1.00098 1.00119 1.00101 1.00097 1.00106 1.00097 1.00094 1.00099 1.00094 1.00087
D1555M − 22
TABLE 4 Continued
Volume Correction to 15°C15 °C
176.7 to
m-Xylene 148.9 to
204.4°C204.4 °C
Temperature Ethyl and 176.7°C176.7 °C
Benzene Cumene Cyclohexane Styrene Toluene o-Xylene p-Xylene Aromatic
°C Benzene Mixed Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Xylenes Hydrocarbons
14.5 1.00058 1.00049 1.00060 1.00051 1.00049 1.00053 1.00048 1.00047 1.00050 1.00047 1.00043
15.0 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000 1.00000
15.5 0.99941 0.99950 0.99940 0.99950 0.99952 0.99947 0.99951 0.99952 0.99951 0.99954 0.99956
16.0 0.99882 0.99901 0.99881 0.99899 0.99903 0.99894 0.99903 0.99905 0.99902 0.99907 0.99912
16.5 0.99822 0.99852 0.99821 0.99849 0.99854 0.99841 0.99854 0.99858 0.99852 0.99860 0.99868
17.0 0.99763 0.99803 0.99761 0.99798 0.99806 0.99788 0.99806 0.99810 0.99803 0.99814 0.99824
17.5 0.99704 0.99754 0.99702 0.99748 0.99757 0.99735 0.99757 0.99763 0.99754 0.99767 0.99781
18.0 0.99645 0.99705 0.99642 0.99697 0.99709 0.99682 0.99708 0.99716 0.99704 0.99720 0.99737
18.5 0.99586 0.99656 0.99582 0.99647 0.99660 0.99629 0.99659 0.99668 0.99655 0.99674 0.99693
19.0 0.99527 0.99607 0.99522 0.99596 0.99612 0.99576 0.99611 0.99621 0.99605 0.99627 0.99649
19.5 0.99467 0.99557 0.99462 0.99545 0.99563 0.99523 0.99562 0.99574 0.99556 0.99580 0.99605
20.0 0.99408 0.99508 0.99402 0.99495 0.99514 0.99470 0.99513 0.99526 0.99506 0.99534 0.99561
20.5 0.99349 0.99459 0.99343 0.99444 0.99466 0.99417 0.99464 0.99479 0.99457 0.99487 0.99518
21.0 0.99289 0.99410 0.99283 0.99393 0.99417 0.99364 0.99416 0.99432 0.99407 0.99440 0.99474
21.5 0.99230 0.99361 0.99223 0.99343 0.99368 0.99311 0.99367 0.99384 0.99358 0.99393 0.99430
22.0 0.99170 0.99311 0.99163 0.99292 0.99320 0.99258 0.99318 0.99337 0.99308 0.99347 0.99386
22.5 0.99111 0.99262 0.99103 0.99241 0.99271 0.99206 0.99269 0.99289 0.99258 0.99300 0.99342
23.0 0.99051 0.99213 0.99043 0.99191 0.99223 0.99153 0.99220 0.99242 0.99209 0.99253 0.99298
23.5 0.98991 0.99164 0.98983 0.99140 0.99174 0.99100 0.99171 0.99195 0.99159 0.99207 0.99254
24.0 0.98932 0.99114 0.98923 0.99089 0.99125 0.99047 0.99122 0.99147 0.99109 0.99160 0.99210
24.5 0.98872 0.99065 0.98863 0.99038 0.99076 0.98994 0.99073 0.99100 0.99060 0.99113 0.99167
25.0 0.98812 0.99016 0.98803 0.98988 0.99028 0.98941 0.99024 0.99053 0.99010 0.99067 0.99123
25.5 0.98752 0.98966 0.98743 0.98937 0.98979 0.98888 0.98975 0.99005 0.98960 0.99020 0.99079
26.0 0.98693 0.98917 0.98683 0.98886 0.98930 0.98835 0.98926 0.98958 0.98910 0.98973 0.99035
26.5 0.98633 0.98868 0.98622 0.98835 0.98882 0.98782 0.98877 0.98910 0.98861 0.98927 0.98991
27.0 0.98573 0.98818 0.98562 0.98784 0.98833 0.98729 0.98828 0.98863 0.98811 0.98880 0.98947
27.5 0.98513 0.98769 0.98502 0.98733 0.98784 0.98676 0.98779 0.98816 0.98761 0.98833 0.98903
28.0 0.98453 0.98719 0.98442 0.98683 0.98736 0.98623 0.98730 0.98768 0.98711 0.98786 0.98859
28.5 0.98393 0.98670 0.98382 0.98632 0.98687 0.98570 0.98680 0.98720 0.98661 0.98740 0.98815
29.0 0.98333 0.98621 0.98322 0.98581 0.98638 0.98517 0.98631 0.98673 0.98611 0.98693 0.98771
29.5 0.98272 0.98571 0.98261 0.98530 0.98589 0.98464 0.98582 0.98625 0.98561 0.98646 0.98727
30.0 0.98212 0.98522 0.98201 0.98479 0.98541 0.98411 0.98533 0.98578 0.98511 0.98600 0.98683
30.5 0.98152 0.98472 0.98141 0.98428 0.98492 0.98358 0.98484 0.98530 0.98461 0.98553 0.98639
31.0 0.98092 0.98423 0.98080 0.98377 0.98443 0.98305 0.98434 0.98483 0.98411 0.98506 0.98595
31.5 0.98032 0.98373 0.98020 0.98326 0.98394 0.98253 0.98385 0.98435 0.98361 0.98459 0.98552
32.0 0.97971 0.98324 0.97960 0.98275 0.98345 0.98200 0.98336 0.98388 0.98311 0.98413 0.98508
32.5 0.97911 0.98274 0.97899 0.98224 0.98297 0.98147 0.98286 0.98340 0.98261 0.98366 0.98464
33.0 0.97850 0.98225 0.97839 0.98173 0.98248 0.98094 0.98237 0.98293 0.98211 0.98319 0.98420
33.5 0.97790 0.98175 0.97779 0.98122 0.98199 0.98041 0.98187 0.98245 0.98161 0.98273 0.98376
34.0 0.97729 0.98125 0.97718 0.98071 0.98150 0.97988 0.98138 0.98198 0.98111 0.98226 0.98332
34.5 0.97669 0.98076 0.97658 0.98020 0.98101 0.97935 0.98088 0.98150 0.98061 0.98179 0.98288
35.0 0.97608 0.98026 0.97597 0.97969 0.98053 0.97882 0.98039 0.98102 0.98010 0.98132 0.98244
35.5 0.97548 0.97977 0.97537 0.97918 0.98004 0.97829 0.97989 0.98055 0.97960 0.98086 0.98200
36.0 0.97487 0.97927 0.97476 0.97867 0.97955 0.97776 0.97940 0.98007 0.97910 0.98039 0.98156
36.5 0.97426 0.97877 0.97416 0.97816 0.97906 0.97723 0.97890 0.97959 0.97860 0.97992 0.98112
37.0 0.97366 0.97828 0.97355 0.97765 0.97857 0.97670 0.97841 0.97912 0.97809 0.97945 0.98068
37.5 0.97305 0.97778 0.97295 0.97713 0.97808 0.97617 0.97791 0.97864 0.97759 0.97899 0.98024
38.0 0.97244 0.97728 0.97234 0.97662 0.97760 0.97564 0.97741 0.97816 0.97709 0.97852 0.97980
38.5 0.97183 0.97679 0.97174 0.97611 0.97711 0.97511 0.97692 0.97769 0.97658 0.97805 0.97936
39.0 0.97122 0.97629 0.97113 0.97560 0.97662 0.97458 0.97642 0.97721 0.97608 0.97758 0.97892
39.5 0.97061 0.97579 0.97053 0.97509 0.97613 0.97405 0.97592 0.97673 0.97558 0.97712 0.97848
40.0 0.97000 0.97529 0.96992 0.97458 0.97564 0.97353 0.97543 0.97626 0.97207 0.97665 0.97804
40.5 0.96939 0.97480 0.96931 0.97407 0.97515 0.97300 0.97493 0.97578 0.97457 0.97618 0.97760
41.0 0.96878 0.97430 0.96871 0.97356 0.97466 0.97247 0.97443 0.97530 0.97407 0.97571 0.97716
41.5 0.96817 0.97380 0.96810 0.97304 0.97417 0.97194 0.97393 0.97483 0.97356 0.97525 0.97672
42.0 0.96756 0.97330 0.96749 0.97253 0.97368 0.97141 0.97343 0.97435 0.97306 0.97478 0.97627
42.5 0.96695 0.97281 0.96688 0.97202 0.97319 0.97088 0.97293 0.97387 0.97255 0.97431 0.97583
43.0 0.96634 0.97231 0.96628 0.97151 0.97270 0.97035 0.97244 0.97339 0.97205 0.97384 0.97539
43.5 0.96572 0.97181 0.96567 0.97100 0.97221 0.96982 0.97194 0.97291 0.97154 0.97338 0.97495
44.0 0.96511 0.97131 0.96506 0.97409 0.97172 0.96929 0.97144 0.97243 0.97104 0.97291 0.97451
44.5 0.96450 0.97081 0.96445 0.96998 0.97124 0.96876 0.97094 0.97196 0.97053 0.97244 0.97407
45.0 0.96388 0.97031 0.96385 0.96946 0.97075 0.96823 0.97044 0.97148 0.97002 0.97197 0.97363
45.5 0.96327 0.96981 0.96324 0.96895 0.97026 0.96770 0.96994 0.97101 0.9695
...

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