ASTM C1227-00a

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Designation: C 1227 – 00a
Standard Specification for
Precast Concrete Septic Tanks
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 1227; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope C 150 Specification for Portland Cement
C 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed
1.1 This specification covers design requirements manufac-
Concrete by the Pressure Method
turing practices, and performance requirements for monolithic
C 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-
or sectional precast concrete septic tanks.
crete
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
C 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
tural Concrete
only.
C 494 Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
C 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Natural Pozzolan for Use as a Mineral Admixture in
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Concrete
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
C 685 Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric
2. Referenced Documents Batching and Continuous Mixing
C 890 Practice for Minimum Structural Design Loading for
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Monolithic or Sectional Precast Concrete Water and
A 82 Specification for Steel Wire, Plain, for Concrete Re-
Wastewater Structures
inforcement
2.2 ACI Standard:
A 184/A 184M Specification for Fabricated Deformed
ACI 318-89 Building Code Requirements for Reinforced
Steel Bar Mats for Concrete Reinforcement
Concrete
A 185 Specification for Steel Welded Wire, Fabric, Plain,
for Concrete Reinforcement
3. Terminology
A 496 Specification for Steel Wire, Deformed, for Concrete
3.1 For definitions of terms relating to concrete, see Termi-
Reinforcement
nology C 125.
A 497 Specification for Steel Welded Wire Fabric, De-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
formed, for Concrete Reinforcement
3.2.1 access opening—a hole in the top slab used to gain
A 615/A 615M Specification for Deformed and Plain
access to the inside of the tank for the purpose of cleaning and
Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
removing sludge without a person actually having to enter the
A 616/A 616M Specification for Rail-Steel Deformed and
tank.
Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
3.2.2 air scum volume—the number of cubic inches (centi-
A 617/A 617M Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and
metres) in the space between the liquid surface and the
Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement
3 underside of the top slab.
C 33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
3.2.3 inspection opening—a hole in the top slab used for the
C 39 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical
3 purpose of observing conditions inside the tank.
Concrete Specimens
3.2.4 joint—a physical separation where two pieces of
C 94 Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete
precast concrete are in contact.
C 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete
3.2.5 non-sealed joint—a joint where sealant is not used but
Aggregates
where a machined fit will minimize the movement of liquid
from one side of a precast concrete wall to the opposite side.
3.2.6 sealed joint—a joint that is sealed to prevent liquid
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C27 on Precast
Concrete Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C27.30 on Water
and Wastewater Containers.
Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2000. Published September 2000. Originally
published as C 1227–93. Last previous edition C 1227–00. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.
2 5
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.04. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.
3 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. American Concrete Institute (ACI), Box 19150, Redford Station, Detroit, MI
48219.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
C 1227
passing from one side of a precast concrete wall to the opposite corrosion-resistant surface.
side.
5.6 Concrete Mixtures—The aggregates, cement, and water
3.2.7 septic tank system—an anaerobic digestion chamber
shall be proportioned and mixed to produce a homogeneous
in which domestic sewage is received and retained, and from
concrete meeting the requirements of this specification, and in
which the liquid effluent, which is comparatively free from
accordance with Specification C 94 or Specification C 685.
settleable and floating solids, is then discharged.
5.7 Forms—The forms used in manufacture shall be suffi-
ciently rigid and accurate to maintain the dimensions of the
4. Ordering Information
structure within the stated tolerances. All casting surfaces shall
4.1 The purchaser shall include the following information in
be of smooth nonporous material. Form releasing agents used
bidding documents and on the purchase order, as applicable to
shall not be injurious to the concrete.
the units being ordered:
5.8 Concrete Placement—Concrete shall be placed in the
4.1.1 Reference to this specification, and date of issue.
forms at a rate to allow the concrete to consolidate in all parts
4.1.2 Quantity, that is, number of units ordered.
of the form, and around all reinforcement steel and embedded
4.1.3 Capacity of tank in gallons or litres.
fixtures without segregation of materials.
4.1.4 Special cement requirements including moderate
5.9 Curing—The precast concrete sections may be cured by
sulfate-resisting cement, Specification C 150 Type II, or highly
any method or combination of methods that will develop the
sulfate-resisting cement, Specification C 150, Type V. If the
specified compressive strength at 28 days or less.
purchaser does not stipulate, the manufacturer shall use any
5.10 Concrete Quality— The quality of the concrete shall be
cement meeting the requirements of Specification C 150 or
in accordance with the chapter on concrete quality in ACI
C 595.
318-89, except for frequency of tests, which shall be specified
4.1.5 Acceptance will be based on a review of the calcula-
by the purchaser. Concrete compressive strength tests shall be
tions or on proof tests.
conducted in accordance with Test Method C 39.
4.1.6 Design requirements such as depth of earth cover, live
load applied at the surface, and ground water level.
6. Structural Design Requirements
4.1.7 Whether or not testing for leakage at the jobsite will be
6.1 Structural design of septic tanks shall be by calculation
required.
or by performance.
5. Materials and Manufacture
6.1.1 Design by calculation shall be completed using the
5.1 Cement—Portland cement shall conform to the require-
Strength Design Method (ultimate strength theory) or the
ments of Specification C 150 or shall be portland blast-furnace Alternate Design Method (working stress theory) outlined in
slag cement or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the
ACI 318-89. The Strength Design Method is outlined in
requirements of Specification C 595.
Chapter 9 and the Alternate Design Method is in Appendix A.
5.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to Specification
6.1.2 Design by performance requires the manufacturer to
C 33 and lightweight aggregates shall conform to Specification
demonstrate that failure will not occur by physically applying
C 330, except that the requirements for grading shall not apply.
loads to the product. The load applied shall be 1.5 times the
5.3 Water—Water used in mixing concrete shall be clean
anticipated actual loads.
and free of injurious amounts of oils, acids, alkalies, salts,
6.1.3 Tanks shall be designed so that they will not collapse
organic materials, or other substances that will be incompatible
or rupture when subjected to anticipated earth and hydrostatic
with concrete or steel.
pressures when the tanks are either full or empty.
5.4 Admixtures—Admixtures may be used provided such
6.1.4 After conditions are established, loads from Practice
admixtures conform to Specification C 494 or Specification
C 890 shall be used for design. Unless heavier live loads are
C 618 and are not injurious to other products used in the
expected, the minimum live load at the surface for design shall
concrete. 2
be 300 lbf/ft (14 kPa).
5.4.1 Air-Entraining Admixtures—Air-entraining admix-
6.1.5 The live loads imposed at lifting points shall be
tures conforming to Specification C 260 shall be used when
considered in the design of the structure.
there is a risk that the concrete will be exposed to freezing and
6.1.6 Inserts embedded in the concrete shall be designed for
thawing. Then the concrete mixture shall contain 5.5 6 1.5 %
an ultimate load that is four times the working load (Factor of
air by volume as determined by Test Method C 231.
Safety = 4).
5.5 Steel Reinforcement—Steel reinforcement shall con-
6.2 Concrete Strength—The minimum compressive
form to Specification A 82 or A 496 for wire; Specification
strength (f8c) for designs shall be 4000 psi (28 MPa) at 28 days
A 185 or A 497 for wire fabric; or Specification A 184/
of age.
A 184M, A 615/A 615M, A 616/A 616M, or A 617/A 617M
6.3 Reinforcing Steel Placement—The concrete cover for
for bars.
reinforcing bars, mats, or fabric shall not be less than 1 in. (25
5.5.1 Locating Reinforcement—Reinforcement shall be
mm).
placed in the forms as required by the design.
6.4 Openings—The structural design shall take into consid-
5.5.2 Holding Reinforcement in Position During Pouring
eration the number, placement, and size of all openings.
Placement—Reinforcement must be securely tied in place to
maintain position during concrete placing operations. Chairs, 6.5 Lift equipment shall be designed for an ultimate load
bolsters, braces, and spacers in contact with forms shall have a that is five times the working load (Factor of Safety = 5).
C 1227
7. Physical Design Requirements 7.5.3 The inlet baffle or tee shall extend at least 8 in. (200
mm) below the liquid level and at least 5 in. (125 mm) above
7.1 Capacity—Sizes are generally specified by local regu-
the liquid level.
lations and they shall supersede the following guidelines.
7.5.4 The outlet baffle, tee, or filter shall extend below the
When local regulations are not available, the following mini-
liquid line at least 10 in. (250 mm) but not more than 40 % of
mum sizes will be required:
the depth of the liquid. It shall extend a minimum of 5 in. (125
1-bedroom residence 750 gal (2800 L)
mm) above the liquid line.
2 and 3-bedroom residence 1000 gal (3800 L)
4-bedroom residence 1200 gal (4500 L)
7.5.5 Outlet filter device shall
...