iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM F2531-05

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Load Capacity of Treestand Seats

Standard Test Method for Load Capacity of Treestand Seats

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the static load capacity of treestand seats in terms of a factor of safety relative to the manufacturers rated capacity.
1.2 The values stated are in inch-pound units and are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2005
ICS
11.180.10 - Aids and adaptation for moving
Technical Committee
F08 - Sports Equipment, Playing Surfaces, and Facilities
Drafting Committee
F08.16 - Archery Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2531-05(2009) - Standard Test Method for Load Capacity of Treestand Seats
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Referred By
ASTM F2275-21 - Standard Practice for Treestand Manufacturer Quality Assurance Program
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005
Referred By
ASTM F3249-20 - Standard Specification for Treestands, Climbing Sticks, and Tripod or Tower Stands
Effective Date
01-Oct-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM F2531-05 - Standard Test Method for Load Capacity of Treestand SeatsASTM F2531-05 - Standard Test Method for Load Capacity of Treestand Seats
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM F2531-05 - Standard Test Method for Load Capacity of Treestand Seats
English language
3 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
An American National Standard
Designation:F2531–05
Standard Test Method for
Load Capacity of Treestand Seats
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2531; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.1.7 treestand—a device designed to be affixed to a tree or
its branches so as to permit an individual to sit or stand on for
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the static
the purpose of attaining an elevated position from which to
load capacity of treestand seats in terms of a factor of safety
observe, photograph or hunt.
relative to the manufacturers rated capacity.
2.1.8 treestand seat—the portion or area of a treestand on
1.2 The values stated are in inch-pound units and are to be
which the user sits.
regarded as the standard.
2.1.9 tripod or tower stand—a tripod or tower stand (free
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
standing platform) is constructed to be self-supporting and is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
not required to be secured to a tree.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and to determine the
3. Summary of Test Method
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1 A treestand is mounted so that its platform is perpen-
2. Terminology dicular or slightly above horizontal to a rigid wood or metal
pole when the rated load is applied parallel to the mounting
2.1 Definitions:
pole. The treestand seat frame is equipped with deflection
2.1.1 backbar or V-bar—adjustable component of a climb-
measurement devices. The ladder and tripod do not require
ing treestand or hand climber that engages the tree to provide
deflection measurements to be taken. The load is applied
support.
incrementally and recordings are made of the load and deflec-
2.1.2 climbing stick—a device to assist climbing a tree
tion at each increment until yielding or permanent deflection
primarily to a fixed position treestand. A structure that is
occurs, or until 1 ⁄2 3 (23 for two piece stand/sit climbing
secured to the tree and allows the user to support his weight
treestands) the rated load is applied.
and climb to the desired height on the tree.
2.1.3 climbing treestand—treestand that provides both the
4. Significance and Use
means to ascend the tree and allows the user to remain at a
4.1 This test method is intended for quality assurance and
desired elevation.
production control purposes.
2.1.4 hand climber or climbing aid—a device to assist
climbing with a climbing treestand.Astructure that allows the
5. Apparatus
user to support his weight when lifting a climbing treestand
5.1 A rigid, round, wood or metal pole, preferably vertical,
with his legs.
is used to mount the subject (except tripod) treestand product
2.1.5 ladder treestand—treestand that is secured to the tree
such that pole deflection is minimized.
at the elevation where the platform is located. (The ladder
5.1.1 The mounting pole diameter shall be 10 6 1 in. (254
treestand may be secured to the tree at other locations and has
6 25.4 mm).
steps that are used to reach the platform or hunting position).
5.2 The load shall be applied using either calibrated weights
2.1.6 non-climbing, fixed position or hang-on treestand—
or a mechanical device in conjunction with a calibrated load
treestand that is secured to the tree at the elevation where it is
cell.
used. (The user usually ascends the tree by some means and
5.2.1 The use of calibrated weights requires that weight
then lifts the treestand to the desired position and secures it for
placement be accurate to assure that the load application
use.)
centroid is coincident with the boundaries defined and meets
the requirements given in 5.4. Caution should be exercised for
operator protection with the use of weights in case of slippage
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F08 on Sports
or premature failure.
Equipment and Facilities and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F08.16 on
5.2.2 The use of a mechanical device such as a tensile
Archery Products.
testing machine or hydraulic power, in combination with
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2005. Published October 2005. DOI: 10.1520/
F2531-05. pulleys, fulcrums, or bearings to redirect forces, requires the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2531–05
use of a calibrated load cell attached adjacent to the test subject 25 % increments up to the test subjects’ rated capacity, after
to account for friction losses. which the load shall be increased as appropriate to 125 %,
150 %, and so forth, lb increments. After the load meets or
5.3 Calibrated deflection measuring devices (such as dial
indicators or optical laser) shall be used to measure movement exceeds the rated capacity, it shall be returned to zero and
checked for yielding.
of the test subject under load. The accuracy of the measuring
devices shall be within .010 in. (0.25 mm) and repeatable
6.6 At each load value equal to or exceeding the rated
within .005 in. (0.13 mm). The devices shall measure move- capacity (test point) the load and all deflection measurements
ment parallel to the direction of the applied load and shall be
shall be recorded. The load shall then be removed and the
mounted in such a manner as to eliminate deflection of the test deflection measurements re-recorded. A note shall be made of
apparatus and be placed, as a minimum, as follows:
any measurement that does not return to within .200 in. (5.08
5.3.1 There shall be at least two measurements taken at the mm)ofitsinitialvalue.Aftertheloadisremoved,alldeflection
load, one on each side and 6 in. (152.4 mm) from the center of measurements shall be checked, and the test subject visually
load application. inspected for permanent deformations by yielding.
5.3.2 Adeflection measurement shall be taken at two points
6.7 The load shall incrementally increase until it is deter-
furthest from the mounting pole, one on each side symmetrical mined that: (1) a minimum for 150 % (200 % for two piece
with the test subject.
stand/sit climbing treestands) of the rated load capacity has
5.3.3 Adeflection measurement shall be taken at two points been applied, or (2) permanent deformation (yielding) has
6 in. (152.4 mm) from the mounting pole, one on each side occurred for treestands with integral seats (supported on the
symmetrical with the test subject. standin
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM F2887-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Total Elbow Prostheses

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers total elbow replacement (TER) prostheses and hemi-elbow replacement (“hemi”) prostheses used to provide functioning articulation by employing humeral, ulnar, and/or radial components that allow for the restoration of motion of the human elbow joint complex.  
1.2 Included within the scope of this specification are elbow prosthesis components for primary and revision surgery with linked and non-linked designs and components implanted with or without use of bone cement.  
1.3 This specification is intended to provide basic descriptions of material and prosthesis geometry. In addition, those characteristics determined to be important to the in vivo performance of the prosthesis are defined. However, compliance with this specification does not itself mean that a device will provide satisfactory clinical performance.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Technical specification
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3576-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Recording the Exoskeleton Test Configuration

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of the information to be recorded in a test report allows for exoskeleton safety and performance to be contextualized with the exoskeleton configuration. Exoskeleton tests can also be replicated across similar or different exoskeletons by using this practice to record the exoskeleton test configuration in a standardized way.  
5.2 Limitations of the practice are that not all exoskeletons have the same capabilities or configuration parameters. For example, for capabilities, an exoskeleton that moves the legs with electromyography during rehabilitation may behave differently in repeated use over time or within different gait courses (for example, straight or curved). For configuration, an exoskeleton that moves the legs with electromyography during rehabilitation may have varying signal gain/amplification settings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a means to record the exoskeleton configuration when testing. This practice provides a method for recording exoskeleton hardware and software control parameters.  
1.2 This practice: contextualizes the exoskeleton configuration during a test, including the identification and adjustment of main configuration parameters and the addition of other equipment (for example, cameras, markers) used during tests; provides a basis for comparison of the test circumstances across different exoskeletons or tests, or both (for example, varying power or spring settings, prior exoskeleton use, maximum control settings); and allows a test to be recreated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversions to imperial units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying exoskeleton characteristics while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3581-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Hurdles

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Hurdle designs can vary greatly in, for example: hurdle geometry, surface coatings, and coverings for a variety of industries. Fig. 1 shows examples of various hurdles.  
5.2 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Hurdles are used in many tasks performed and may include, for example, upper, lower, or full body movement in order to complete the task. For example, an exoskeleton may be used to help rehabilitate a patient who suffered a traumatic injury. And in manufacturing, warehousing, and other occupations, and other similar environments, workers in exoskeletons may traverse hurdles (for example, obstacles) in the walkways while carrying or not carrying loads, indoors or outdoors, as part of their daily activities. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton.  
5.3 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance requirements expressed by manufacturing, emergency responders, military, or other organizations requesting this test. The safety and performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the test exoskeleton’s and the exoskeleton user’s capabilities. Having available direct information from tested exoskeleton(s) with associated performance data to guide procurement and deployment decisions is essential to exoskeleton purchasers and users.  
5.4 The testing results of the candidate exoskeleton(s) shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the exoskeleton user is able to negotiate hurdles. The test apparatus described in Section 6 is intended to be a single or set of hurdles where repeatable re...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of exoskeleton use test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate an exoskeleton’s (see Terminology F3323) safety (see 1.4) or performance, or both, for traversing hurdles.  
1.1.2 Exoskeletons possess a certain set of allowable exoskeleton user movement capabilities, including user-motion adaptability, to suit operations such as: industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, or recreational. Environments in these typical sectors often pose constraints to exoskeleton user movement to various degrees. Being able to traverse hurdles, as intended by the user or test requestor, while using an exoskeleton is essential for exoskeleton deployment for a variety of tasks (for example, traversing logs, objects). This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording to standardize this hurdles task for testing exoskeleton user movement.  
1.1.3 Exoskeletons need to function as intended, regardless of types of tasks and terrain complexities (for example, carpet, metal, masonry, rock, wood). Required movement capabilities may include, for example: walking, running, crawling, climbing, traversing gaps, hurdles, stairs, slopes, various types of floor surfaces or terrains, or confined spaces, or any combination thereof. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether or not exoskeletons meet these requirements.  
1.1.4 ASTM Subcommittee F48.03 develops and maintains international standards for task performance and environmental considerations that include but are not limited to, standards for safety, quality, and efficiency. This subcommittee aims to develop standards for any exoskeleton application as exemplified as in 1.1.2. The F48.03 test suite consists of a set of test methods for evaluating exoskeleton capability requirements. This hurdles test method is a part of the test suite. The setup, procedure, and apparatuses associated wi...

  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3614-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Recording the Exoskeleton User Information

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of the information to be recorded in a test report allows for exoskeleton safety and performance to be contextualized with the exoskeleton user. Exoskeleton test results can be compared across users to determine exoskeleton usefulness, exoskeleton capability for particular users or groups of users, and standardized reporting of user information allows organizations to better replicate tests.  
5.2 Limitations of the practice are that not all exoskeletons can or have the same fit to all users and therefore may change the exoskeleton capabilities. For example, as users vary in size, shape, gender, etc., an exoskeleton that fits one user may allow an increase or decrease in torque applied to the arms, legs, etc. as compared to another user, especially users at the upper and lower limits of manufacturer-suggested exoskeleton sizing. Another example is that prior surgeries or pain may affect measured exoskeleton performance as the user may, for example, favor use of one limb to another or may move different when tested with the exoskeleton versus without the exoskeleton.  
5.3 Additional user measurement information may be found in the following references:
Note 1: The measurements in these references may not consider measurements of the user when dressed in appropriate clothing (for example, shoes – see 6.3.12 – 6.3.14) that will be worn when using an exoskeleton.  
5.3.1 2012 Anthropometric Survey (ANSUR II6) of U.S. Army Personnel: Methods and Summary Statistics,  
5.3.2 United States Air Force Research Laboratory Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource (CAESAR7) Final Report,  
5.3.3 Tables D6240/D6240M,  
5.3.4 Tables D8077/D8077M,  
5.3.5 Tables D7878/D7878M,  
5.3.6 Tables D6960/D6960M,  
5.3.7 Terminology D5219,  
5.3.8 Tables D8241/D8241M,  
5.3.9 Practice E3003,  
5.3.10 Practice F1731, and  
5.3.11 ISO 7250-1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a means to record the exoskeleton user information when testing. The practice provides a method for recording exoskeleton user: general information, measurements, activity level, experience with exoskeletons, prior injuries, and other pertinent information that may impact exoskeleton testing.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be used with other exoskeleton test methods and practices to provide a clear representation of the exoskeleton user being tested; provides a basis for comparison of the test circumstances across different exoskeletons, users, tests, or all three; and allows a test to be recreated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversions to imperial units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying exoskeleton characteristics while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3584-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Obstacle Avoidance: Walking

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Obstacles can vary greatly in, for example: length, width, height, quantity, geometry, and for a variety of industries. Fig. 2 shows examples of various obstacles.  
FIG. 2 Example Obstacles in: (a) Road Construction; (b) Warehouse; (c) Manufacturing: Floor; (d) Manufacturing: Overhead; (e) Military Obstacle Course  
5.2 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Many tasks involve avoiding obstacles, and may include for example, upper, lower, or full body movement in order to complete the task. As there are infinite obstacles and ways that obstacle courses can be designed, this test method addresses obstacle avoidance while walking through a standard set of obstacles. Dependent upon the task, it may require people to traverse various environmental conditions (for example, ground) and avoid obstacles while wearing an exoskeleton. For example, an exoskeleton may be used to help during construction or in medical facilities where workers in exoskeletons avoid obstacles with and without carrying loads as part of their daily activities. In military, manufacturing, and response areas, exoskeleton users may for example, step over or under, side-step between, or walk around obstacles, or combinations thereof, to perform the task at hand. Variations to obstacle avoidance may include, for example, increased user speed/momentum, load handling, and distractions that may change user performance when avoiding obstacles. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way (see guidance in Appendix X1), how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton.  
5.3 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance require...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of exoskeleton use test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate an exoskeleton’s (see Terminology F3323) safety (see 1.4) or performance, or both, when avoiding obstacles.  
1.1.2 Exoskeletons shall possess a certain set of allowable exoskeleton user movement capabilities, including user-motion adaptability, to suit operations such as: industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, or recreational.  
1.1.3 Environments in these typical sectors often pose constraints to exoskeleton user movement to various degrees. Being able to avoid obstacles while walking, as intended by the user or test requestor, while using an exoskeleton is essential for exoskeleton deployment for a variety of tasks (for example, ascending/descending stairs, crossing gaps and hurdles, balancing on a beam). This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording to standardize this obstacle avoidance task for testing exoskeleton user movement.  
1.1.4 Exoskeletons need to function as intended, regardless of types of tasks and terrain complexities (for example, carpet, metal, masonry, rock, wood). Required movement capabilities may include, for example: walking, running, crawling, climbing; traversing gaps, hurdles, stairs, slopes; avoiding obstacles, on various types of floor surfaces or terrains, or within confined spaces, or combinations thereof. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether or not exoskeletons meet these requirements while also allowing test repeatability.  
1.1.5 ASTM Subcommittee F48.03 develops and maintains international standards for task performance and environmental considerations that include but are not limited to, standards for safety, quality, and efficiency. This subcommittee aims to develop standards for any exoskeleton application as exemplified as in 1.1.2. The F48.03 test suite consists of a set of test methods ...

  • Standard
    15 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3583-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Beams

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Beams and beams with platforms can vary greatly in, for example: length, width, height, quantity, geometry, surface coatings, and for a variety of industries. Fig. 2 shows examples of various beams and beams with platforms.
FIG. 2 Example Beams: (a) Steel Construction Beams; (b) Steel Construction Beam to a Platform; (c) Log Construction Beam; (d) Playground Log Beam; (e) Log Beam across Water; and (f) Balance Beam used for Gymnastics  
5.2 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Traversing beams are used in many tasks performed and may include, for example, upper, lower, or full body movement in order to complete the task. Dependent upon the task, it may require people to traverse various ground and beam surfaces while wearing an exoskeleton. For example, an exoskeleton may be used to help during construction tasks where workers in exoskeletons traverse beams or beams and platforms with and without carrying loads, indoors or outdoors, as part of their daily activities. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way (see guidance in Appendix X1), how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton.  
5.3 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance requirements expressed by manufacturing, emergency responders, military, or other organizations requesting this test. The safety and performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the test exoskeleton’s and the exoskeleton user’s capabilities. Having available direct information from tested exoskeleton(s) with associated performance data to guide procurement and deployment decisions is essential to exoskeleton purchasers an...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of exoskeleton use test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate an exoskeleton’s (see Terminology F3323) safety (see 1.4) or performance, or both, when traversing beams.  
1.1.2 Exoskeletons shall possess a certain set of allowable exoskeleton user movement capabilities, including user-motion adaptability, to suit operations such as: industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, or recreational.  
1.1.3 Environments in these typical sectors often pose constraints to exoskeleton user movement to various degrees. Being able to traverse beams, as intended by the user or test requestor, while using an exoskeleton, is essential for exoskeleton deployment for a variety of tasks (for example, ascending/descending stairs, ramps, hills). This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording to standardize this beams task for testing exoskeleton user movement.  
1.1.4 Exoskeletons need to function as intended, regardless of types of tasks and terrain complexities (for example, carpet, metal, masonry, rock, wood). Required movement capabilities may include, for example: walking, running, crawling, climbing, traversing gaps, hurdles, stairs, beams, slopes, various types of floor surfaces or terrains, or confined spaces, or combinations thereof. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether or not exoskeletons meet these requirements.  
1.1.5 ASTM Subcommittee F48.03 develops and maintains international standards for task performance and environmental considerations that include but are not limited to, standards for safety, quality, and efficiency. This subcommittee aims to develop standards for any exoskeleton application as exemplified as in 1.1.2. The F48.03 test suite consists of a set of test methods for evaluating exoskeleton capability requirements. This beams test method is a part of the test suite. The setup, procedure,...

  • Standard
    21 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3613-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Recording the Exoskeleton Fit to the User

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The significance of the information to be recorded in a test report allows for exoskeleton safety and performance to be contextualized with the exoskeleton fit to the user. Exoskeleton tests can also be replicated across similar or different exoskeletons by using this practice to record the exoskeleton fit to the user for a test in a standardized way.  
5.2 Limitations of the practice are that not all exoskeletons have the same connections to the body and fit to all users, and therefore, fit to the user may change the exoskeleton capabilities. For example, as users vary in size, shape, gender, etc., an exoskeleton that is fit to one user may allow an increase or decrease in torque applied to the arms, legs, etc. as compared to another user, especially users at the upper and lower limits of manufacturer-suggested exoskeleton sizing. Another example is that an exoskeleton that is not fit properly to a user may be uncomfortable, and as a result the user may not perform tasks as long, as fast, as strong/delicately, or many other possible outcomes.  
5.3 It is expected that all exoskeleton tests require the exoskeleton to be fit properly to the user according to manufacturer specifications. However, as testing exoskeletons can vary, so can fit to the user, and variations in fit may also be tested. For example, a test may be performed with the exoskeleton not fit properly to the users’ legs (for example, longer fit on shorter legs) to evaluate performance changes when the task requires the user to stand on their toes. Should exoskeleton tests be performed with the exoskeleton not fit properly to the user, the test requestor should verify with the manufacturer that the exoskeleton will not harm the user as a result of a bad fit, and provide this information to the test administrator to record on the test report.  
5.4 Additional fit and measurement information may be found in Terminology D5219, Practice E3003, and Practice F1731.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a means to record the exoskeleton fit to the user when testing. The practice provides a method for recording exoskeleton: alignment to the user, component distances from the body, sizing, and subjective comfort using a standard recording method.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be used with other exoskeleton test methods and practices to provide a clear representation of the exoskeleton fit to the user measured along body planes; provides a basis for comparison of the test circumstances across different exoskeletons or tests, or both; and allows a test to be recreated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversions to imperial units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying exoskeleton characteristics while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    10 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3582-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Exoskeleton Use: Gaps

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Exoskeletons are being used in the industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, and recreational sectors to enhance safety and effectiveness of the user to perform tasks. Traversing gaps is a component of many tasks that someone would do with an exoskeleton. For example, an exoskeleton may be used to help a worker in building construction where gaps in ground surfaces are prevalent. In the military, and other similar environments, soldiers using exoskeletons may traverse gaps along paths carrying loads. Fig. 1 shows examples of gaps typically found in various environments in which persons using exoskeletons may be required to step over gaps. The testing results of exoskeletons shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the exoskeleton is able to support tasks within the specified types of environments, confinements, and terrains, and thus provide sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the exoskeleton to a given task.  
5.2 This test method addresses exoskeleton safety and performance requirements expressed by manufacturing, medical, emergency responders, military, or other organizations requesting this test. The safety and performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the test exoskeleton’s and the exoskeleton user’s capabilities. The safety and performance data from these tests are essential to guiding the procurement and deployment decisions of exoskeleton purchasers and users.  
5.3 The standard test setup and apparatus (see Section 6) is specified to be easily fabricated. This facilitates evaluation and replication of gap tests by exoskeleton sectors. The standard test setup and apparatus can also be used to support training (see Practice F3444/F3444M) and to establish proficiency of exoskeleton users, as well as provide manufacturers with information about the usefulness of their exoskeleton(s) for tasks.  
5.4 Although the test method was developed for the sectors lis...
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of exoskeleton use test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate an exoskeleton’s (see Terminology F3323) performance or safety, or both, of usage by the exoskeleton user (see 1.4) for gaps.  
1.1.2 Exoskeletons shall possess a certain set of allowable exoskeleton user movement capabilities, including user-motion adaptability, to suit operations such as: industrial/occupational, military, response, medical, or recreational. Environments in these typical sectors often pose constraints to exoskeleton user movement to various degrees. Being able to step over gaps, as intended by the user or test requestor, while using an exoskeleton is essential for exoskeleton deployment for a variety of tasks. This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording to standardize this gaps task for testing exoskeleton user movement.  
1.1.3 Exoskeletons need to function as intended, regardless of types of tasks and terrain complexities (for example, carpet, metal, masonry, rock, wood). Required movement capabilities may include, for example: walking, running, crawling, climbing; traversing gaps, stairs, slopes, various types of floor surfaces or terrains, or confined spaces, or combinations thereof. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether or not exoskeletons meet these requirements.  
1.1.4 ASTM Subcommittee F48.03 develops and maintains international standards for task performance and environmental considerations that include but are not limited to, standards for safety, quality, and efficiency. This subcommittee aims to develop standards for any exoskeleton application as exemplified as in 1.1.2. The F48.03 test suite consists of a set of test methods for evaluating exoskeleton capability requirements. This gaps test method is a part of the test suite. The setup, procedure, and apparatuses associated with the test methods challenge speci...

  • Standard
    17 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3578-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Exoskeleton Fall Risk due to Stumbling

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There is strong evidence that exoskeletons can physically augment and assist users. They are typically designed and optimized with specific tasks in mind and initially tested in controlled lab or field settings. However, in the real world exoskeletons encounter less structured environments and situations (for example, hospital rooms, factory floors, construction sites, or even personal homes). In order to accelerate the adoption of exoskeletons in society, understanding their safety in the presence of perturbations is helpful. The testing results of the exoskeleton shall describe the extent to which the exoskeleton improves, inhibits, or maintains a user’s ability to recover from stumbles, thus providing exoskeleton wearers and prescribers (for example, patients, clinicians, industry leaders, factory workers) with additional information about device performance and expectations.  
5.2 The standard test apparatus and setup (see Section 6) is specified to be easily fabricated and implemented in gait or motion analysis laboratories. Variants of the apparatus, control algorithm, and test setup are acceptable to allow implementation in various lab settings with ranging experimental capabilities. The standard test setup and apparatus can also be used to support training and establish proficiency of exoskeleton users, as well as provide manufacturers with information about the performance of their exoskeleton(s) for tasks.
SCOPE
1.1 Purpose:  
1.1.1 The purpose of this test method is to evaluate the extent to which an exoskeleton (see Section 3) improves, inhibits, or maintains (that is, does not affect) a user’s ability to recover from a stumble perturbation.  
1.1.2 Exoskeletons are designed to assist specific tasks and initially tested in controlled lab or controlled field settings. However, in the real world exoskeletons encounter less structured environments and situations (for example, hospital rooms, factory floors, construction sites). Even without exoskeletons people will stumble (that is, trip) or scuff their foot. It would be helpful to understand how wearing an exoskeleton affects a person’s ability to recover from a stumble perturbation. Is one’s ability to recover hampered, enhanced, or unaltered when using an exoskeleton? This test method specifies test setup, procedure, and recording to standardize testing exoskeleton user stumble recovery.  
1.2 Performing Location—This test method shall be performed in a testing laboratory where the specified apparatus and environmental conditions are available and implemented.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying material dimensions or quantities that are readily available to avoid excessive fabrication costs of test apparatuses while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F3518-21(Guide)
Standard Guide for Quantitative Measures for Establishing Exoskeleton Functional Ergonomic Parameters and Test Metrics

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides a set of recommended quantitative measures which can be used to assess the task or human readiness, or both, of exoskeletons. All of the quantitative measures are used in ergonomic research to assist in objectively concluding the efficacy of an assessed metric.  
4.2 Not every element of this guide may be applicable to all exoskeleton components or configurations. Nor are all the quantitative measures herein exhaustive. Selection of quantitative measures should be done based on the uncertainties surrounding the end use application of the exoskeleton. It is the manufacturer’s responsibility to determine which portions of this guide, and the corresponding measures, are applicable to their exoskeletons.  
4.3 The ability to reproduce analysis between exoskeleton usage vs. non-exoskeleton usage is critical criteria in using a quantitative measures approach. A control method for reproducibility in a quantitative measures approach is a repeated measures design. A repeated measures design involves multiple measures of the same variable taken on the same end user, either under different conditions or over two or more time periods. The salient aspect of a repeated measures design is using the end user as the control.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides quantitative measures for assessing one or more specific ergonomic parameters with respect to exoskeletons. Furthermore, this guide should be used in conjunction with Practice F3474, Guide F3519, and Standard Guide for The Application of Ergonomics to Prevent Injury During Exoskeleton Use2.  
1.2 This guide provides quantitative measures for the design, use, and construction of exoskeletons within the domains of industry, military, medical, first responders, and recreational.  
1.2.1 Quantitative measures are a type of data that can be put into a numerical value. This type of measure allows statistical analysis to be performed on the data to yield an objective result.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    8 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off