ASTM D3161/D3161M-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
Standard Test Method for Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
Many factors influence the wind resistance of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as described in the scope when representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified before testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any combination thereof. The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3161/D3161M − 12
StandardTest Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.1.2 Class D—Passatatestvelocityof145km/h[90mph].
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h [110
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the
mph].
wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the
shingle’s rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or
5. Significance and Use
mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from
sealant) or any combination thereof. The shingles are applied 5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind
to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc- resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural
tions and tested at a 2:12 (17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and
permitted by those instructions. turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test
to simulate. The results of this test do not directly correlate to
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
made in this test method for building height, building exposure
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
category, or building importance factor.
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance 5.2 Many factors influence the wind resistance of shingles
in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope,
with the standard.
contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
method to address all of these influences. This test method is
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
described in the scope when representative samples are applied
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
2. Referenced Documents tions and conditioned as specified before testing.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream
3. Terminology
of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm [36 in.] wide and
305 mm [12 in.] high at a velocity not less than 97 km/h [60
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test
mph]. At a velocity of not less than 177 km/h [110 mph], it is
method, refer to Terminology D1079.
permissible to add a duct section to the equipment to lower the
4. Classes of Shingles height of the rectangular opening to 152 mm [6 in.]. The
machine shall be equipped with an adjustable stand to receive
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
a test panel and be adapted to setting the test panel at any
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h [60 mph].
desiredslope,atanyhorizontaldistancefromtheloweredgeof
the duct opening, and at various angles incident to the wind
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
direction.
andWaterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Steep
6.1.1 Calibration—As a minimum, at the start of each test
Roofing Products and Assemblies.
day, and at the start of each new desired test velocity, the air
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
velocity shall be calibrated. Obtain calibration measurements
approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3161 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/D3161_D3161M-12.
using a bare panel as described in 7.1, but without shingles or
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
the test panel with the candidate shingles to be tested. With the
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
panel positioned as described in 9.1, the velocity shall be
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. measured using calibrated airflow measuring devices, such as
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3161–09 Designation: D3161/D3161M – 12
Standard Test Method for
1
Wind-Resistance of Asphalt Shingles (Fan-Induced Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3161/D3161M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for evaluating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles that results from the shingle’s
rigidity (with or without contribution from sealant) or mechanical interlocking (with or without contribution from sealant) or any
combination thereof.The shingles are applied to a test panel in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and tested at a 2:12
(17 %) slope, or at the lowest slope permitted by those instructions.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions
to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D1079.
4. Classes of Shingles
4.1 Shingles are of three classes:
4.1.1 Class A—Pass at a test velocity of 97 km/h (60 mph). [60 mph].
4.1.2 Class D—Pass at a test velocity of 145 km/h (90 mph). [90 mph].
4.1.3 Class F—Pass at a test velocity of 177 km/h (110 mph). [110 mph].
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Most asphalt shingles that have demonstrated wind resistance by this test have also performed well in use. Natural wind
conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test to simulate.
The results of this test do not directly correlate to wind speeds experienced in service, and no accommodation is made in this test
method for building height, building exposure category, or building importance factor.
5.2 Manyfactorsinfluencethewindresistanceofshinglesinthefield;forexample,temperature,time,roofslope,contamination
by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under-driven. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of
these influences. This test method is designed to evaluate the wind resistance of asphalt shingles as described in the scope when
representative samples are applied to test panels in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and conditioned as specified
before testing.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.02 on Prepared
Roofings, Shingles and Siding Materials.
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D3161–08c. DOI:
10.1520/D3161-09.on Steep Roofing Products and Assemblies.
Current edition approved May 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D3161 – 09. DOI:
10.1520/D3161_D3161M-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
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D3161/D3161M – 12
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Machine, capable of delivering a horizontal stream of air through a rectangular opening 914 mm (36 in.) wide and 305
mm (12 in.) high at a ve
...
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