ASTM D2829/D2829M-07(2023)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2829/D2829M − 07 (Reapproved 2023)
Standard Practice for
Sampling and Analysis of Existing Built-Up Roof Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2829/D2829M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice is a guide for removing test specimens
D226/D226M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Organic
from existing built-up roofing systems in the field and for
Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
determining the approximate quantities of the components of
D227/D227M Specification for Coal-Tar-Saturated Organic
that specimen (Note 1). Components determined may be:
Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
1.1.1 Insulation components when they are part of the roof
D249 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
membrane system,
Surfaced with Mineral Granules (Withdrawn 2002)
1.1.2 Plies of roofing felt,
D250 Standard Specification for Asphalt-Saturated Asbestos
1.1.3 Interply layers of bituminous material,
Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing (Withdrawn
1991)
1.1.4 Top coating, and
D371 Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing (Organic Felt)
1.1.5 Surfacing.
Surfaced with Mineral Granules; Wide Selvage (With-
NOTE 1—This procedure is for the investigation of existing roofs and is
drawn 2002)
not intended for new construction inspection.
D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproofing
D2178/D2178M Specification for Asphalt Glass Felt Used in
1.2 This practice is applicable to both 914 mm [36 in.] and
3 Roofing and Waterproofing
1000 mm [39 ⁄8 in.] wide felt rolls.
D2626/D2626M Specification for Asphalt-Saturated and
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Coated Organic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
D3158 Specification for Asphalt Saturated and Coated Or-
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
ganic Felt Used in Roofing (Withdrawn 1983)
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
D3617/D3617M Practice for Sampling and Analysis of
used independently of the other, and values from the two
Built-Up Roof Systems During Application
systems shall not be combined.
D3672 Standard Specification for Venting Asphalt-Saturated
and Coated Inorganic Felt Base Sheet Used in Roofing
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(Withdrawn 1990)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D3909/D3909M Specification for Asphalt Roll Roofing
responsibility of the user this standard to establish appropriate
(Glass Felt) Surfaced with Mineral Granules
safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the
D4601/D4601M Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass Fi-
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific
ber Base Sheet Used in Roofing
precautionary information, see 6.3.2.1.
D4897/D4897M Specification for Asphalt-Coated Glass-
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
Fiber Venting Base Sheet Used in Roofing
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
D4990 Specification for Coal-Tar Glass Felt Used in Roof-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ing and Waterproofing
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this
practice, refer to Terminology D1079.
1 2
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on Roofing contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Membrane Systems. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2023. Published September 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
approved in 1969. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as D2829/D2829M – 07 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ɛ1
(2019) . DOI: 10.1520/D2829_D2829M-07R23. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2829/D2829M − 07 (2023)
4. Securing of Specimens in the Field the sample. (The application of dry ice at the areas to be
spudded will ease the removal of the top coating during hot
4.1 Do not disturb any surfacing in the area from which a
weather. A large propane torch can also be used as an alternate
specimen is to be taken. Cut each specimen at least 300 by
to the dry ice method, to melt the top coating so that it can be
300 mm [12 by 12 in.] and use the total specimen taken in the
easily removed with a scraper and facilitate cutting.) Record
field for laboratory analysis.
the length and width of the sample. If the quantities of
4.2 The recommended practice is to use a cutting template
unadhered surfacing or total surfacing are desired, collect and
(Fig. 1) consisting of a 300 by 300 mm [12 by 12 in.] metal box
package the unadhered surfacing from the sample area.
with an open bottom. Place the box over the roof area that is to
4.2.1.3 Cut through the roofing membrane with a razor knife
be removed, and while the template is held firmly in position,
or sharp power cutting tool, taking care not to damage the edge
remove the surfacing around the perimeter and then cut
through the roof membrane around the perimeter of the box. of the sample. Do not pound on the sample, as this might cause
Lift the specimen, including all associated loose materials, interply delamination. Carefully loosen and remove the roofing
from the roof and place it in a plastic bag. Fully identify the
membrane including all adhered insulation. Observe and re-
specimen. Note if the insulation is adhered to the specimen or,
cord the kind and degree of attachment between the roofing
where insulation is not used, if bitumen is left on the deck, and
membrane and the insulation or deck.
the type of deck. Estimate bitumen mass per unit area left on
4.2.1.4 Cut through the roof insulation with a blade long
the deck.
enough to penetrate all of the insulation layers. Observe and
4.2.1 Alternate Method:
record the type and thickness of each insulation layer, and the
4.2.1.1 Mark each sample as at least a square 356 mm
percent of the sample area adhered between the layers and
[14 in.] on a side. Try to include a seam in each membrane
between the insulation and the deck and vapor retarder.
sample. During cold weather, use a square 457 mm [18 in.] on
4.2.1.5 Cut and remove a small specimen of the vapor
a side, since cold weather cutting may inadvertently break,
retarder, if it is present, to observe its attachment to the deck
distort, or delaminate the sample. If the roofing membrane is
and to obtain a specimen for moisture content and analysis.
mechanically fastened, mark rectangular 864 by 457 mm [34
by 18 in.] sample, with the longer dimension perpendicular to
NOTE 2—This procedure will not provide as accurate a measure of total
the length of the ply felts. Half of these large samples can be
aggregate as the procedure described in 4.2.
shipped to the laboratory for analysis after the number of
4.3 If bituminous material has been absorbed by the insu-
fasteners in the larger area is recorded.
lation (4.2), remove sufficient insulation to allow laboratory
4.2.1.2 Carefully broom off the loose aggregate, and spud
off the adhered aggregate and flood coating at the perimeter of analysis of absorbed bitumen mass (weight).
Dimensions
Square (3.2) Rectangular (3.4)
Dimension
mm in. mm in.
A 300 12 100 4
B 300 12 1000 40
C 150 6 150 6
D 40 1.5 40 1.5
E 40 1.5 40 1.5
1 1
F 3 ⁄8 3 ⁄8
FIG. 1 Cutting Template
D2829/D2829M − 07 (2023)
4.4 If felt lapping is to be determined, take a separate 6.4.1 Measure the individual felts and calculate the area of
specimen at least 100 mm [4 in.] wide and not less than 1.12 m each ply (due to lapping, not all plies will be the size of the
[44 in.] long, cut at right angles to the long dimension of the original specimen). Follow the procedure in 6.2. Record the
roofing felts. total area of all felts.
6.4.2 Divide the sum of all individual felt areas (6.4.1) by
4.5 Protect each specimen from physical damage such as
the area of the original specimen (6.2) and record the results as
bending or breakage of the felts or coating layers during
“number of plies.”
removal and transportation. Protect from moisture, excessive
heat, and loss of material.
6.5 Calculate the mass per unit area of the original saturated
felts by multiplying the area of each ply determined in 6.4.1 by
2 2
5. Significance and Use
the following values in g/m [lb/100 ft ] and dividing by the
specimen area determined in 6.2. Add the masses per unit area
5.1 This practice is for the sampling and analysis of existing
for each felt to find the total mass per unit area of the original
built-up roof systems. For roofs under construction, use Prac-
saturated felts. If all plies are the same, simply multiply the
tice D3617/D3617M.
assumed felt mass per unit area by the number of plies (6.4.2).
Use the manufacturer’s information for components not within
6. Procedure
the scope of the specifications in Table 1, using the factor
6.1 Preserve all identifications and log the specimens in the
2 2
48.825 to convert from lb/100 ft to g/m , and 0.02048 to
laboratory. Ensure continued identity and location of the 2 2
convert from g/m to lb/100 ft .
components within each specimen. Remove the insulation fully
6.6 Calculate the total interply bituminous material per unit
(if present), removing as little bituminous coating from the
area by subtracting the total mass per unit area of the original
underside of the membrane as possible.
“saturated felts” determined in 6.5 from the mass per unit area
6.2 Calculate the area of the specimen from eight different
determined by dividing the mass of felts and interply bitumen
measurements taken in each direction. Weigh the specimen,
in 6.4 by the specimen size in 6.2.
including all associated loose materials (except insulation),
6.6.1 To obtain the average interply mopping, t
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