ASTM E405-89(1996)e1

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation: E 405 – 89 (Reapproved 1996)
Standard Test Methods for
Wear Testing Rotary Operators
for Windows
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 405; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Keywords were added editorially in September 1996.
1. Scope 3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 closing torque, n—a constant torque applied to the
1.1 These test methods describe the wear testing of gear-
input shaft when the operator is in the fully closed position,
type rotary operating devices used for opening and closing
simulating the forces applied by a person tightly closing the
windows (Note 1).
window and shall be expressed in pound-force-inches (or
1.2 These test methods do not directly determine the effects
newton metres).
of varying environmental conditions but may be employed
3.2.2 fully closed position of the operator, n—the position
after environmental exposure to evaluate the effect of such
of the operator with the window in a fully closed position.
exposure.
3.2.3 fully opened position of the operator, n—the position
1.3 These test methods are not intended to evaluate the
of the arm from 2 to 5° short of locking the mechanism with the
structural adequacy of the operator in resisting the maximum
window in an open position.
force to which it may be subjected.
3.2.4 gear-type rotary operator, n—a mechanical operating
NOTE 1—Certain types of rotary window operators, such as torque-bar
device for opening and closing windows. It consists basically
operators and telescopic operators cannot be tested by these test methods.
of an operating handle turning an input shaft which drives a
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
gear mechanism that causes an arm or arms to pivot, operating
as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units
the window.
may be approximate.
3.2.5 operating moment, n—the product of the applied force
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and the length of the output lever arm from the point of load
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
application to the pivot axis. It shall be expressed in pound-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
force-inches (or newton metres). During a test cycle, the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
operating moment varies from a maximum value with the arm
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific
in a centered position (peak operating moment) to some lesser
hazard statement, see Note 3.
value as the arm is moved away from the centered position.
3.2.6 operator test specimen, n—an entire, assembled gear-
2. Referenced Documents
type rotary operator, including the operating handle.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7 test cycle, n:
E 631 Terminology of Building Constructions
3.2.7.1 Test Method A—fully opening and fully closing the
operator.
3. Terminology
3.2.7.2 Test Method B—the number of rotations of the
3.1 Definitions—Definitions are in accordance with Termi-
handle to open and close the operator fully.
nology E 631 unless otherwise indicated.
3.2.8 test force, n, for Test Method A—the force applied to
the operator arm at the point of attachment. The required test
1 force in pounds-force (or newtons) is equal to the specified
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-6 on
Performance of Buildings and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.51 peak operating moment in pound-force-inches (or newton
on Component Performance of Windows, Curtain Walls, and Doors.
metres) divided by the distance in inches (or metres) measured
Current edition approved Feb. 24, 1989. Published April 1989. Originally
perpendicular to the line of action of the force from the pivot
e1
published as E 405 – 70. Last previous edition E 405 – 70 (1981) .
axis to the point of attachment.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.11.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
E 405
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 These test methods consist of subjecting the rotary
operator to an operating moment against which the operator
shall work in a cyclic function of opening and closing. Test
Method A evaluates the operator for its ability to resist wear
through a given number of cycles against the test moment with
a specified torque applied to the input shaft. Test Method B
evaluates only the rotating fingergrip portion of handle assem-
blies having rotating fingergrips.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These tests provide standard methods for evaluating the
mechanical performance of the rotary-type window operators,
while the operators are subjected to cyclic wear in opening and
closing against the operating moment.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The apparatus described is general in nature and any
arrrangement of equipment capable of performing the test
procedure within the allowable tolerances is permitted.
6.2 Test Method A:
6.2.1 The test apparatus for Test Method A shall consist of
a frame for mounting the rotary operator with the operator
arm(s) centered (approximately the center of travel); test
weights accurate to within 6 0.5 %, attached by flexible cable
to the arm(s) to provide the required test forces; an attachment
bolt fastening the cable to the arm; a torque-limiting clutch,
whose output is within 6 15 % of the specified closing torque,
attached to the handle drive mechanism in line with the
operator input shaft and driven by a reversible air or electric
motor; and limit switching devices to effect reversal of rotation
at the fully open and fully closed operator positions (see Fig.
FIG. 1 Typical Operator Test Apparatus
1).
6.2.2 The arm or the test attachment bolt through the arm
shall bear against the test frame, if necessary, to prevent the
which the test handle is attached. The shaft shall be obtained by
arm from closing beyond the nominal fully closed position.
removing the input shaft from an operator or as an additionally
The cables shall be adjustable to provide an equal tension force
supplied part. The handle end of the shaft shall be identical to
in both the cables when the test attachment point and pivot are
the input shafts of the test operators. The timing device effects
centered.
a reversal of the motor at required intervals. The split collar
6.2.3 Fig. 2 shows how, if a vertical arrangement were used,
carries the test weight and attaches to the rotating fingergrip of
to test a single-arm operator, a system of two test weights, an
the handle causing one revolution of the fingergrip with respect
upper weight equal to the test force and a lower weight of twice
to the handle for each revolution of the handle (see Fig. 4).
the test force, would act to provide the required downward
force when the arm is above the center position of its travel and
7. Test Specimens
the same force upward when the arm is below the center of its
7.1 The operator test specimens shall be representative in all
travel. For operators with two arms, sum of the test weight on
respects of the operators to be qualified under these test
each arm should equal the total test weight with neither arm
methods. Unless otherwise specified, the specimens shall
seeing less than 25 % of the total test weight. The test weight
consist of six identical pro
...