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ASTM

ASTM D1962-85(1995)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Saponification Value of Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2004)

Standard Test Method for Saponification Value of Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2004)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the saponification value of drying oils, bodied oils, fatty acids, and polymerized fatty acids.  
1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Dec-1994
Withdrawal Date
26-Jul-2004
ICS
87.060.20 - Binders
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Referred By
ASTM D2621-87(2016) - Standard Test Method for Infrared Identification of Vehicle Solids From Solvent-Reducible Paints
Effective Date
01-Jan-1995

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ASTM D1962-85(1995) - Standard Test Method for Saponification Value of Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2004)ASTM D1962-85(1995) - Standard Test Method for Saponification Value of Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2004)
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ASTM D1962-85(1995) - Standard Test Method for Saponification Value of Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and Polymerized Fatty Acids (Withdrawn 2004)
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D 1962 – 85 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Test Method for
Saponification Value of Drying Oils, Fatty Acids, and
Polymerized Fatty Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4.4 Chemically modified oils may require saponification
times longer than 1 h for complete reaction.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the saponi-
fication value of drying oils, bodied oils, fatty acids, and
5. Apparatus
polymerized fatty acids.
5.1 Erlenmeyer Flasks, wide-mouth, alkali-resistant, 250 or
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
300-mL capacity.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
5.2 Condenser Loop.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
NOTE 1—Suitable condenser loops are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 of Test
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard Method D 305.
statements, see Section 7.
5.3 Steam Bath.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Reagents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
D 305 Test Method for Solvent-Extractable Material in
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
Black Pigments
all reagents shall conform to the Specifications of the Com-
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
mittee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical
Society, where such specifications are available. Other grades
3. Terminology
may be used, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is
3.1 Definitions:
of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening
3.1.1 saponification value—a measure of the alkali reactive
the accuracy of the determination.
groups in oils and fatty acids and is expressed as the number of
6.2 Purity of Water—Unless otherwise indicated, references
milligrams of potassium hydroxide that react with1gof
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water conforming
sample.
to Type I of Specification D 1193.
6.3 Phenolphthalein Indicator Solution—Dissolve1gof
4. Significance and Use
phenolphthalein in 100 mL of ethanol (95 %), methanol or
4.1 The saponification value of oils and fatty acids is a
isopropanol.
measure of the content of ester linkages. For an oil, provided it
NOTE 2—A “masked phenolphthalein indicator” may be used with
is not significantly oxidized, the number of ester linkages per
off-color materials. Prepare by dissolving 1.6 g of phenolphthalein and 2.7
molecule (for example, three in a triglyceride), can be used to
g of methylene blue in 500 mL of alcohol. Adjust the pH with sodium
calculate the molecular weight of the oil.
hydroxide (NaOH) or KOH solution so that the greenish blue color is
4.2 A saponification value higher than normal indicates that
faintly tinged with purple. The color change is from green to purple when
the oil has been oxidized (blown) or chemically modified, for
going from acid to alkali.
example, with other acids such as maleic, fumaric, or phthalic.
6.4 Potassium Hydroxide, Alcoholic Solution—Place 5 to
4.3 Saponification value alone is not a measure of the
10 g of potassium hydroxide (KOH) (Caution—see 7.1) in a
quality of the oil.
2-L flask and add 1 to 1.5 L of ethyl alcohol (95 %) or
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications, and is the direct responsibility of Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American
Subcommittee D01.32 on Drying Oils. Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents not
Current edition approved May 31, 1985. Published July 1985. Originally listed by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for Laboratory
published as D 1962 – 61. Last previous edition D 1962 – 67 (1984). Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. and National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,
Annual Book of
...

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1.1 This test method covers the Wijs procedure for determination of unsaturation (iodine value) of tall oil fatty acids.  
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1.4 The test method described here is not reliable for tall oil fatty acids containing an appreciable quantity of rosin.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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3.1 This test method is designed to broaden the scope of the previous edition of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived from products as test materials. Test Methods D803 currently includes a method for the determination of unsaponifiable matter.  
3.2 The amount of unsaponifiable matter in tall oil and other related products is important in characterizing such products as it indicates the level of nonacidic material, both free and combined, present in the test material. The unsaponifiable in naval stores products is primarily composed of higher molecular weight alcohols, sterols, and hydrocarbons.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of material in pine chemicals products as defined in Terminology D804 including rosin, tall oil, and related products, other than insoluble dirt or similar visible foreign matter that does not yield a water-soluble soap when the sample is saponified with potassium hydroxide.  
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1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: It has been reported that this method may not be applicable to gum rosin, especially any gum rosin containing volatile terpenes. Volatile terpenes are by definition unsaponifiable matter, and can be lost under the drying conditions described in 8.4. The method is applicable to tall oil rosin and wood rosin as these rosins do not contain volatile terpenes.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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