ASTM D2257-20

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Designation: D2257 − 98 (Reapproved 2012) D2257 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Extractable Matter in Textiles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2257; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the extractable material on most fibers, yarns, and fabrics. Three
options are included. Option 1 uses heat and Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Option 2 uses room temperature and extraction funnels.
Option 3 uses either Option 1 or Option 2 extraction but provides for calculation of extractable matter from the loss in mass of
the material due to the extraction rather than the extractable matter residue.
NOTE 1—Other standards for the determination of extractable matter in textiles made of specific fibers include: Specification D541, Specification D681,
and Test Method D1574.
1.1.1 The solvents for use in this method are any solvents that the party or parties concerned agreed on; such as, Halogenated
Hydrocarbon (HH) chloroform, tetrachloroethane, alcohol.alcohol (isopropyl or methyl).
1.1.2 This test method may not extract cross-linked finishes or resins which may be on the textile.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Sections 6 and 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D541 Specification for Single Jute Yarn (Withdrawn 1996)
D681 Specification for Jute Rove and Plied Yarn for Electrical and Packing Purposes (Withdrawn 2000)
D1574 Test Method for Extractable Matter in Wool and Other Animal Fibers
D1909 Standard Tables of Commercial Moisture Regains and Commercial Allowances for Textile Fibers
D2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
D3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers, Sliver, or Tow for Testing
D4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical, and Thermal Properties
2.2 Other Documents:
IWTO 10-62(E) Method for Determination of the Dichloromethane Soluble Matter in Combed Wool Sliver
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and,
Conditioning, Chemical and Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012July 1, 2020. Published February 2012August 2020. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 19982012 as
D2257 – 98(2004).(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2257-98R12.10.1520/D2257-20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Available from International Wool Secretariat, Carlton Gardens, London S.W. 1, England.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2257 − 20
3.1.1 extractable matter, n—nonfibrous material in or on a textile not including water, which is removable by a specified solvent
or solvents as directed in a specified procedure.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Nonfibrous material is usually oily, waxy, resinous, or polymeric in nature, but may also include other material, such as protein,
particularly if ethyl alcohol is used, or in, the extracting solvent.
3.1.2 For definitions of other moisture terms related to textiles, refer to Terminology D4920. For definitions of other textile
terms used in this test method refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The specimen is extracted either in Soxhlet apparatus (Option 1), or extraction funnel (Option 2) first with an agreed solvent
(Note 2). The solvents are evaporated and the residues and the specimens are dried and weighed separately. The amounts of
extracted matter are reported as percentages of either the oven-dried mass or of the oven-dried mass plus commercial moisture
regain for the textile.
4.2 Alternatively, in Option 3, the specimen is dried and weighed before and after extraction using Option 1 or Option 2.
Extractable matter is calculated as the loss in mass reported as percentages of the extracted oven-dried mass or this mass plus
commercial moisture regain for the textile.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This test method may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments.
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results using this test method for acceptance testing of
commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias
between the laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two
parties should take a group of test specimens which are as homogeneous as possible and which are from a lot of material of the
type in question. The test specimens should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average
results from the two laboratories should be compared using appropriate statistical analysis and a probability level chosen by the
two parties before the testing begins. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and supplier
must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
5.2 This test method is used for the determination of the amounts of naturally present oily or waxy impurities that have not been
completely removed from textiles made from animal fibers, and for the determination of the amounts of oily or waxy finishing
materials applied to raw materials or textiles during manufacture. See 3.1.1, extractable matter.
5.3 The test method may be used as a step in the determination of the commercial weight of fiber, yarn, and textile shipments.
5.4 The International Wool Textile Organization specifies the use of a halogenated hydrocarbon, dichloromethane, also called
methylene chloride (CH Cl ) instead of the solvent specified in this test method (IWTO-10-62(E)).
2 2
5.5 Extractables by mass loss is frequently used for textiles which have a relatively large amount of extractable material to effect
a significant mass change.
6. Apparatus and Reagents
6.1 Extraction Apparatus
6.1.1 Soxhlet Extraction Apparatus for Option 1 extraction
6.1.2 Extraction Funnels, wide-mouth, 125 or 150-mL capacity with 145-175 micron filter for Option 2 extraction.
6.2 Thimbles, fat-free cellulose or Alundum, for Option 1.
6.3 Specimen Compressor, pestle pestle, glass stirring rod or long forceps, for handling specimens in Option 2.
6.4 Containers,
6.4.1 To hold extractables and that will seal to prevent moisture changes, for example weighing bottles, for Option 1.
6.4.2 To collect solvent from extractions, for Option 2.
6.4.3 Containers used for solvent collection must be dry and clean. Use methanol to clean the containers then air-dry before
oven drying at 105°C for at least 10 min.
NOTE 2—If metal containers are used, check to ensure that the extracatableextractable matter does not react with the metal if the residue is to be
weighed.
6.5 Oven
6.5.1 Ventilated Forced-Draft Drying Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 105 6 3°C.
6.5.2 Vacuum Type, maintained at 65 6 2°C for use in Option 3 when low-boiling ingredients are present.
D2257 − 20
6.6 Tray, to contain desiccant, with a screen to prevent specimen or container contact with desiccant, for use in the vacuum oven.
If Phosphorus pentoxide (P 0 ) or sulfuric acid (H SO ) is used, the screen must be acid resistant.
2 5 2 4
6.7 Dessicator
6.8 Analytical Balance—sensitive to 0.0001 g.
6.9 Nitrogen, to supply the vacuum oven.
6.10 Solvent—as agreed (see 1.1.1). (Warning—Various solvents have been used in the past, and are still used to some extent.
Many of these solvents are flammable, toxic or have anesthetic effects, or unpleasant odors. As with all volatile solvents, the use
of adequate ventilation under a hood is recommended when using this solvent.)
7. Hazards
7.1 Refer to the manufacturer’s material safety data sheets for specific information on chemicals used in this test.
7.2 After extraction with alcohol or other flammable or toxic solvents, the specimens must be air-dried under a hood until nearly
all of the solvent has evaporated before they are dried in the oven. Otherwise there is a danger of building up a dangerous
concentration of explosive vapor in the oven. Oven doors have been blown across the room by the force of an explosion.
7.3 Warning—Dichloromethane is toxic, and its use is recommended only when necessary to conform to international
specifications, and then with adequate ventilation under a hood.
8. Sampling
8.1 Lot Sample—As a lot sample for acceptance testing, take at random the number of shipping containers directed in an
applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier. Consider shipping containers to be
the primary sampling unit.
NOTE 3—An adequate specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability between
shipping containers, within a shipping container, and between specimens taken from a single unit within a shipping container, so as to provide a sampling
plan with a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.
8.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for acceptance testing, proceed as follows:
8.2.1 Yarn on Packages—Take at random from each shipping container in the lot sample the number of packages directed in
an applicable material specification or other agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use
Practice D2258. Preferably, the same number of packages should be taken from each shipping case in the lot sample. If differing
numbers of packages are to be taken from shipping cases in the lot sample, determine at random which shipping cases are to have
each number of packages drawn.
8.2.2 Yarn on Beams—Take a laboratory sample from each of the beams in the lot sample as agreed between the purchaser and
the supplier.
8.2.3 Fabrics—Take a full width swatch 1 m long from the end of each roll of fabric in the lot sample, after first discarding a
minimum of 1 m of fabric from the very outside of the roll.
8.2.4 Staple Fiber—Systematically take five laboratory sample units from each bale in the lot sample as directed in Practice
D3333.
8.2.5 Tow, Sliver, or Top—Take from the lead end of a strand from each shipping container in the lot sample the first metre of
material that has a clean, uniform appearance. If the shippin
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