ASTM D5426-19

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of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D5426 − 12 (Reapproved 2017) D5426 − 19
Standard Practices for
Visual Inspection and Grading of Fabrics Used for Inflatable
Restraints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5426; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 These practices cover procedures for the inspection and grading of coated and uncoated woven flat and one-piece woven
(OPW) fabrics, and for the inspection and culling of cut parts made of such fabrics, all of which are used in the manufacture of
inflatable restraint cushions.
1.2 For ease of reference, the scope, summary of practice, significance and use, apparatus, sampling, procedure, and report
sections are listed separately for each inspection practice.
Inspection Practice Section
Fabric Rolls 7
Cut Pieces & OPW 8
1.3 These practices can be used to distinguish those fabric imperfections that may adversely affect inflatable restraint cushion
fabrication or performance from those imperfections that will not.
1.4 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in these practices may be used by agreement of the purchaser and supplier
with the specific deviations from these practices acknowledged in the report.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D6799 Terminology Relating to Inflatable Restraints
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Reference Photographs of Imperfections
3. Terminology
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.20, Inflatable restraints, refer to Terminology D6799.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard: abrasion, air splice, bleedthrough, blip, broken filament, bruise, coating
slub, coating streak, coating transfer, contamination, cushion, defect, filling bar, finished, foreign matter, grading, hard
contamination, heavy coating streak, hole, imperfection, inflatable restraint, inspection, light coating, light coating streak, long
float, loop, major imperfection, minor imperfection, missing coating, missing yarn, misweave, module, rework, sharp crease, short
float, short knot, soft contamination, spit mark, stain, stitching, tight yarn, yarn streak.
These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.20 on Inflatable Restraints.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017Feb. 1, 2019. Published March 2017March 2019. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20122017 as
D5426 – 12.D5426 – 12 (2017). DOI: 10.1520/D5426-12R17.10.1520/D5426-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service ast service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standardsvolume information, refer to the standrd’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from: ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD5426. Original adjunct produced in 1996.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5426 − 19
3.2 For all other terms related to textiles, see Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Practices
4.1 Rolls of finished or coated fabric are examined for imperfections as the fabric traverses an inspection station. They are
graded per Tables Tables 1-5 .
4.2 Cut pieces are inspected individually for imperfections. Cut pieces containing imperfections are culled from use for later
review.
TABLE 1 Coating Non-Uniformity
Limits
Imperfection Definition
Minimum Maximum
A
Maximum Size
B
Separation Frequency
Soft the presence of materials not specified as part of the coating 15 mm diameter 2; but none within
contamination or fabric within or on the coating layer, such material visibly the line where two
appearing to be of small size, smooth in surface texture, and OPW inflatable
of a thickness that does not protrude significantly above the layers interface
surface of the coating layer. Examples are dirt, smudge, lint,
human hair, yarn filaments, and flies and similarly small
insects. Soft contamination not listed herein shall be from a
known source which is demonstrated to have no adverse
effect on fabric properties.
Hard the presence of non-coating material within or on the coating none none allowed
contamination layer, such material visibly appearing to be of small size,
smooth in surface texture, and of a thickness that protrudes
significantly above the surface of the coating layer.
Examples are metal filings, glass, plastic, or wood splinters.
Missing portions of the coated layer containing exposed base fabric or 15 mm diameter 2; but none within
coating scrape marks in the coated layer the line where two
OPW inflatable
layers interface
-or- -or-
5 mm diameter 5; but none within
the line where two
OPW inflatable
layers interface
Coating the presence of coating material on the uncoated side, none allowed
transfer covering one or more yarns
Bleedthrough the presence of coating material on the uncoated side, 35-mm length 500 mm 2
between two yarns without covering either yarn
Coating slub an irregularly shaped lump of coating material on the surface 15 mm diameter 2 per 400 cm
of the coated layer resembling a yarn slub
Spit mark an essentially round spot of coating material on the surface of 15 mm diameter 2 per 400 cm
the coated layer in which the coating spot is visibly at a -or- -or-
higher rate of coverage than the surrounding material. 5 mm diameter 5 per 400 cm
Heavy a narrow area of fabric, generally in the shape of a line 5 mm wide No limit
coating oriented in the warp direction of the fabric, in which the
streak coating layer is visibly at a higher rate of coverage than the
surrounding material.
Light a narrow area of light (not missing) and heavy coating 5 mm wide 3; but none within
coating associated with localized creasing in the fabric, visibly at a the line where two
crease lower rate of coverage than the surrounding material. OPW inflatable
layers interface
Light a narrow area of light coating (not missing), generally in the 5 mm wide 1
coating shape of a line oriented in the warp direction of the fabric.
streak
Light coating a localized amorphous area of fabric in which the coating layer 50 × 100 mm 1
(except light is visibly at a lower rate than the surrounding material. -or- -or-
coating streak) 10 mm dia 5
A
For diameter call outs, an equivalent area is permissible
B
Per linear m (yd), or unit of area indicated. For cut pieces, limits apply to cut pieces # 2 meters #2 m in longest dimension. For cut pieces > 2 meters >2 m and #3
m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 1.5. Per linear m (yd), cut piece, or unit of area indicated.For cut pieces >3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 2.0.
D5426 − 19
TABLE 2 Yarn Non-Uniformity
Limits
Imperfection Definition
Minimum Maximum
A
Maximum Size
B
Separation Frequency
Foreign matter an extraneous interwoven fragment whose size, color, or none allowed
texture indicates that it is not of the same material as the
fibers in the base fabric
Loop a continuous full yarn that curls back on itself and protrudes none allowed
from the surface of the fabric (synonym: kink,snag)
Air splice the thicker portion of a yarn resulting from entanglement of the 2 per 400 cm
filaments at the ends of two multifilament yarns to create a
continuous yarn
Blips any short, irregularly shaped or textured portion of an 35-mm by 2 -mm 2; but none within
individual multifilament yarn that has been woven into the length the line where two
fabric, including slough offs, stripbacks, fuzz balls, snarls, OPW inflatable
kinky filling less than a loop, and slubs layers interface
Short knot tail a small knob of yarn and associated tails where two yarns are 3-mm diameter 500 mm 2
tied together by interlocking loops for the purpose of
maintaining yarn continuity
Broken an individual filament, separated from a multifilament yarn no limit
filament bundle, that lies on the surface of the fabric
A
For diameter call outs, an equivalent area is permissible.
B
Per linear m (yd)(yd), or unit of area indicated. For cut pieces, limits apply to cut pieces # 2 meters #2 m in longest dimension. For cut pieces > 2 meters >2 m and
#3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 1.5. For cut pieces >3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 2.0.
TABLE 3 Discoloration
Limits
Imperfection Definition
Minimum Maximum
A
Maximum Size
B
Separation Frequency
Stain an area of discoloration that penetrates the fabric surface must 3-mm diameter 10 per 400 cm
be from a known source which is demonstrated to have no -or- -or-
adverse effect on fabric properties or the presence of 15 mm diameter 2 per 400 cm
marking ink in an area of fabric not provided for identification
by an applicable specification.
Yarn streak discoloration or stain of an individual yarn that does not affect 1000-mm length 1
adjacent yarns cumulative
A
For diameter call outs, an equivalent area is permissible.
B
Per linear m (yd)(yd), or unit of area indicated. For cut pieces, limits apply to cut pieces # 2 meters #2 m in longest dimension. For cut pieces > 2 meters >2 m and
#3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 1.5. For cut pieces >3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 2.0.
TABLE 4 Miscellaneous
Limits
Imperfection Definition Minimum Maximum
A
Maximum Size
B
Separation Frequency
Hole an opening not characteristic of the normal weave pattern none allowed
where one or more yarns is cut, torn, or shifted
Missing yarn more than one yarn discontinuity resulting in a change in none allowed
weave pattern
A
For diameter call outs, an equivalent area is permissible.
B
Per linear m (yd)(yd), or unit of area indicated. For cut pieces, limits apply to cut pieces # 2 meters #2 m in longest dimension. For cut pieces > 2 meters >2 m and
#3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 1.5. For cut pieces >3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 2.0.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These practices are suitable for incorporation in a specification. Any reference to material or cushion specification in these
practices shall mean any similar agreement between the purchaser and supplier relating to the inspection and acceptance of fabric
intended for inflatable restraint use.
5.2 These practices constitute the terminology, conditions, equipment, and procedures by which rolls of inflatable restraint
fabrics or cut parts are inspected and graded.
D5426 − 19
TABLE 5 Weave Non-Uniformity
Limits
Imperfection Definition
Minimum Maximum
A
Maximum Size
B
Separation Frequency
Abrasion a localized concentration of multiple broken filaments. none allowed
Fold over a hard ridge where a layer is overlapped upon itself where if none allowed
applicable coating integrity is compromised
Long float a warp or filling yarn extending over six or more filling or warp none allowed
yarns with which it should be interlaced
Short float a warp or filling yarn extending over five or fewer filling or warp 5 per 400 cm ; but
yarns with which it should be interlaced none within the line
where two OPW
inflatable layers
interface
Bruise a shift in the squareness of the weave pattern in an area that 35-mm diameter 500 mm 2
has been subjected to impact or pressure
Tight yarn a yarn with less crimp than surrounding fibers that may create 35-mm length 500 mm 2
puckering, which may appear to be shinier or to lie straighter
in the weave pattern, or a combination thereof
Misweave a change in the weave pattern visually indicated by incorrect 1000-mm length 1
interlacing or incorrect insertion of a single unbroken yarn or
a single missing yarn. (includes mispick, missing yarn,
wrong draw, jerk-in).)
Filling bar a temporary change in the filling-wise density of the weave
pattern that:(synonym: stop/start mark)
1. is in compliance with the specified count no limit
2. is not in compliance with the specified count none allowed
Stitching (OPW only) the presence of an inter-lace between two layers none allowed
of fabric in an area not provided for interlacing by an
applicable specification.
A
For diameter call outs, an equivalent area is permissible.
B
Per linear m (yd)(yd), or unit of area indicated. For cut pieces, limits apply to cut pieces # 2 meters #2 m in longest dimension. For cut pieces > 2 meters >2 m and
#3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 1.5. For cut pieces >3 m in longest dimension, multiply limits by 2.0.
5.3 A specification incorporating these practices may deviate from them to account for considerations of fabric property,
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