ASTM E2637-08

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Designation:E2637 −08
StandardGuide for
Utilizing the Environmental Cost Element Structure
Presented by Classification E2150
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2637; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Elements—Environmental Cost Element Structure
2.2 ASTM Adjunct:
1.1 The Environmental Cost Element Structure (ECES)
Adjunct E2150 Adjunct to Classification E2150: Environ-
coveredbyClassificationE2150(andAdjunctE2150)provides
mental Cost Element Structure at Levels 3, 4, and 5 and
a consistent and comprehensive structure across all phases of
Definitions
environmentalremediationprojectsandisatooltoimprovethe
cost management of those projects. This guide is intended to
3. Terminology
facilitate the application of the ECES to any environmental
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
remediation project, without regard to project size.
3.1.1 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensa-
1.2 Classification E2150 establishes the broad, top-level
tion and Liability Act (CERCLA)—A congressional mandate,
framework for environmental remediation projects by provid-
also known as Superfund, CERCLA prescribes actions and
ingahierarchicallistofprojectelementstotwolevelsofdetail.
regulatory requirements for reducing risks to human health and
Its associated Adjunct E2150 supports the top-level structure
the environment resulting from releases or threatened releases
by providing more detailed elements and definitions of the
of hazardous substances into the environment.
ECES to three additional levels of detail. Although it is
3.1.2 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)—A
assumed that the user is familiar with Classification E2150,
congressional mandate that requires the management of regu-
much of the content of the classification is repeated in this
lated hazardous wastes and requires that permits be obtained
guide to relieve the user of the burden of back-and-forth
for facilities (both public and private) that treat, store, or
referencing during use. It is assumed, however, that all users of
dispose of hazardous wastes. RCRAalso establishes standards
this guide will have at hand both Classification E2150 and the
for these facilities and requires corrective actions (for example,
Adjunct E2150 during project planning.
remediation) of past releases of hazardous waste from regu-
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
lated waste management units.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.2 Acronyms:
only.
3.2.1 AST—Aboveground Storage Tank
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2.2 CERCLA—Comprehensive Environmental Response,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Compensation, and Liability Act
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.2.3 CLP—Certified Laboratory Procedure
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.4 CMS—Corrective Measure Study
3.2.5 COA—Code of Accounts
2. Referenced Documents
3.2.6 CWM—Chemical Warfare Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.2.7 D&D—Decontamination and Decommissioning
E2150 Classification for Life-Cycle Environmental Work
3.2.8 DOE—Department of Energy
3.2.9 (EC)2—Environmental Cost Engineering Committee
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E06 on Perfor-
3.2.10 ECAS—Environmental Cost Analysis System
mance of Buildings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E06.81 on
Building Economics.
3.2.11 ECES—Environmental Cost Element Structure
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. DOI:
3.2.12 EM—Environmental Management
10.1520/E2637-08.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJE2150.
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E2637−08
3.2.13 EPA—Environmental Protection Agency private industry and government agencies in the United States
and other countries to track project costs.
3.2.14 ER—Environmental Restoration
3.2.15 FRTR—Federal Remediation Technologies Round-
4.2 While primarily a cost structure, the ECES can also
table
serve as a model for developing a work breakdown structure
(WBS). A WBS provides a framework for managing the cost,
3.2.16 FS—Feasibility Study
schedule, and performance objectives of a project. The WBS
3.2.17 HRS—Hazard Ranking System
framework allows a project to be separated into logical
3.2.18 HTRW—Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
component parts and makes the relationship of the parts clear.
3.2.19 LTSM—Long-Term Surveillance and Maintenance
It defines the project in terms of hierarchically related action-
oriented elements. Each element provides logical summary
3.2.20 O&M—Operations and Maintenance
points for assessing technical accomplishments and for mea-
3.2.21 OECD—Organization of Economic Cooperation and
suring cost and schedule performance.
Development
3.2.22 PA/SI—Preliminary Assessment/Site Investigation 4.3 It is recommended that projects using the ECES and
associated dictionary routinely report costs to Level 3 in the
3.2.23 RA—Remedial Action
coststructure.Moredetailedreportinglevels(thatis,sub-Level
3.2.24 RACER—RemedialAction Cost Estimating Require-
4 and beyond) are provided to allow users to address high risk,
ment (System)
high value, or high technological interest areas of projects.
3.2.25 RCRA—Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
3.2.26 RD—Remedial Design
5. Significance and Use
3.2.27 RFA—RCRA Facility Assessment
5.1 In addition to its cost management and project manage-
3.2.28 RFI—RCRA Facility Investigation
mentfunctions,theECEScanalsobeusedtosupportanumber
of other program and project functions. These functions
3.2.29 RI—Remedial Investigation
include:
3.2.30 SLTM—Surveillance and Long-Term Monitoring
5.1.1 Bid solicitation, collection, and evaluation;
3.2.31 S&M—Surveillance and Maintenance
5.1.2 Communicating project data between installations,
3.2.32 SM&A—Sampling, Monitoring and Analysis
complexes, agencies, and industry;
3.2.33 USACE—U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
5.1.3 Providing a project checklist;
3.2.34 UST—Underground Storage Tank
5.1.4 Cost and schedule estimating;
3.2.35 WBS—Work Breakdown Structure
5.1.5 Historical cost/schedule data collection;
3.2.36 WM—Waste Management
5.1.6 Historical project data collection (for example, tech-
nology deployments, project conditions);
4. Summary of Practice
5.1.7 Validating and calibrating cost estimates and software
4.1 The ECES is a comprehensive hierarchical list of work
tools; and
activities (tasks, items, or products) that may be required to
5.1.8 Establishing and disseminating best practices and
accomplish environmental restoration, waste management, fa-
lessons learned.
cility decontamination and decommissioning, or other environ-
mental projects. Its activity-based structure provides a consis- 5.2 Several government agencies are already incorporating
tent and visible cost management framework, with sufficient this structure into existing and future cost estimating models,
detail and coverage of project types, so that it can be used by databases, and other similar software tools and systems.
FIG. 1Hierarchical Structure of the Environmental Cost Element Structure
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6. Procedure 6.2.4 Phase 4: Construction—Construction of selected
treatment or remediation alternatives. Includes start-up, but
6.1 Overall Structure—The hierarchical nature of the ECES
excludes all operations.
cost structure (Fig. 1) allows detailed cost data at Level 3 to be
6.2.5 Phase 5: Operations and Maintenance (O&M)—
summarized into higher level cost elements in a standardized
Includes all operations and maintenance for the selected
fashion. It is recommended that the ECES be used as a
treatment or remediation alternatives. Phase ends when
common standard through its top three levels.The use of Level
cleanup or waste treatment goals are met.
4 or lower is optional. Similarly, while Level 5 is generally
6.2.6 Phase 6: Surveillance and Long-Term Maintenance
deemed to provide a sufficiently low level of detail for most
(SLTM)—Operations have ceased or were not integral to
projects, the project managers are free to add further lower
selected treatment or remediation alternatives.
levels for their specific projects or portions of their projects.
Care must be taken in developing the associated numerical 6.2.7 Phase 7: Reserved for Future Use
codes, however, to assure that each level directly relates to the
6.2.8 Phase 8: Cross Cut—Program-wide activities that are
next higher level so that the project costs can readily be “rolled
required, but cost is not specific to a single or distinct project
up” for reporting purposes.
(for example, program management, support, and infrastruc-
ture).
6.2 Level 1—Level 1 of the structure includes seven cost
categories. The first six categories represent the six life-cycle
NOTE1—Fig.2illustratesthelife-cyclenatureofthesevenLevel1cost
phases of an environmental project. The final category—
elements.
Program Management, Support, and Infrastructure—is in-
6.3 Level 2—Level 2 of the ECES represents major ele-
cluded to address costs that are not attributable to a distinct
ments necessary to perform work in an environmental project.
project or are program management costs. Throughout the rest
There are 34 elements included in this structure (see Table). It
of this guide, the Level 1 cost element for Program
should be noted that in the Level 2 structure, Level 2 elements
Management, Support, and Infrastructure will be referred-to as
are marked with life-cycle phase numbers in the left columns.
Phase 8, to simplify references to the Level 1 cost elements.
These numbers represent the applicability of that phase to that
Withminorvariationsinthedefinitions,theseprojectlife-cycle
element. This is not necessarily all-inclusive. There may be
categories apply to all environmental projects and programs,
cases where that element may be applicable for a phase that is
including environmental remediation, waste management, de-
not marked. For example, an overall Project Plan developed at
contamination and decommissioning, ordnance and explosive
the beginning of a project, especially a large and complex
retrievals, underground and above-ground storage tanks, and
project,willoftenbefollowedbyverydetailedWork Plansthat
other environmental work.
cannot be developed until much more information is available
6.2.1 Phase 1: Assessment—Assess and inspect site, pre-
later in the project, for example, at Phase 4 or Phase 5. This
pare site inspection reports.
structure is flexible, and the user can use other phases even
6.2.2 Phase 2: Studies—Risk assessment, characterization
though they are not marked in the columns.
and investigations, development and analysis of treatment or
remediation options, and treatability studies. 6.4 Level 3—Level 3 of the structure consists of more
6.2.3 Phase 3: Design—Engineering design and pre-
detailed elements required to perform the tasks at the Level 2
construction activities of treatment or remediation alternatives. oftheECES.SeethestructurefortheLevel3elements,andthe
FIG. 2Level 1 Cost Categories
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Level 1 Level
Environmental Management
Ph1 Ph2 Ph3 Ph4 Ph5 Ph6 Ph8 Sub-Proj. 2
Prog.
Assess. Studies Design Const. O&M SLTM a to z ENVIRONMENTAL COST ELEMENT STRUCTURE
Mgmt/Infra.
8 .01 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT, SUPPORT, AND IN-
FRASTRUCTURE
(Optional-Installation/Complex Wide Activities)
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .02 PROJECT MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT (Oper-
able Unit/Solid
Waste Management Unit)
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .03 PREPARATION OF PLANS
1 2 3 4 5 6 .04 STUDIES/DESIGN AND DOCUMENTATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .05 SITE WORK
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .06 SURVEILLANCE AND MAINTENANCE
1 2 3 4 5 6 .07 INVESTIGATIONS AND MONITORING/SAMPLE
COLLECTION
1 2 3 4 5 6 .08 SAMPLE ANALYSIS
1 2 3 4 5 6 .09 SAMPLE MANAGEMENT/DATA VALIDATION/DATA
EVALUATION
23 .10 TREATABILITY/RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
4 5 .11 TREATMENT PLANT FACILITY/PROCESS
4 5 6 .12 STORAGE FACILITY/PROCESS
4 5 6 .13 DISPOSAL FACILITY/PROCESS
4 .14 ORDNANCE AND EXPLOSIVES REMOVAL AND
DESTRUCTION
(CWM is in X.11 AND X.20–X.30)
4 6 .15. DRUMS/TANKS/STRUCTURES/MISC. AND RE-
MOVAL
4 5 6 .16 AIR POLLUTION/GAS COLLECTION AND CON-
TROL
4 5 6 .17 SURFACE WATER/SEDIMENTS CONTAINMENT,
COLLECTION,
OR CONTROL
4 5 6 .18 GROUNDWATER CONTAINMENT, COLLECTION,
OR CONTROL
4 5 6 .19 SOLIDS/SOILS CONTAINMENT (for example,
CAPPING/BARRIER),
COLLECTION, OR CONTROL
4 5 .20 LIQUIDS WASTE/SLUDGES (for example, UST/
AST)
CONTAINMENT, COLLECTION, OR CONTROL
4 5 .21 IN SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
4 5 .22 EX SITU BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
4 5 .23 IN SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT
4 5 .24 EX SITU CHEMICAL TREATMENT
4 5 6 .25 IN SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT
4 5 .26 EX SITU PHYSICAL TREATMENT
4 5 .27 IN SITU THERMAL TREATMENT
4 5 .28 EX SITU THERMAL TREATMENT
4 5 .29 IN SITU STABILIZATION/FIXATION/
ENCAPSULATION
4 5 .30 EX SITU STABILIZATION/FIXATION/
ENCAPSULATION
4 5 .31 FACILITY DECOMMISSIONING AND DISMANTLE-
MENT
1 2 3 4 5 .32 MATERIAL HANDLING/TRANSPORTATION
1 2 3 4 5 6 .33 DISPOSAL
4 5 .34 AIR-EMISSION AND OFF-GAS TREATMENT
1 2 3 4 5 6 8 .9X OTHER (Use Numbers 90-99)
Level 3 ECES dictionary, in the following sections, for more mendations. For environmental cleanup technologies, indi-
detailed descriptions of the elements, their uses, the compo- vidual organizations, programs, or agencies can use a more
nents which comprise of the elements, and other information. detailed set of Level 4 elements, as long as the elements can be
summarized to the FRTR Level 4 elements.
6.5 Levels 4 and 5—The use of the Level 4 and 5 ECES
elements is optional. To aid project managers that elect to use
NOTE 2—The ECES considers all possible items and activities by
Levels 4 and 5, the EC developed detailed ECES elements for
including the Other items at Level 2 and lower levels.The Other items are
designated by the number “X.9x.xx” These “X.9x.xx” elements are
Construction and Operations and Maintenance, but not for
reserved for activities which are unique or for special tasks that cannot be
environmental technologies (ECES components
...