ASTM D1253-03

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D 1253–03
Standard Test Method for
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Residual Chlorine in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1253; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* D 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Con-
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duits
1.1 This test method covers the determination of residual
D 5847 Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
chlorine in water by direct amperometric titration.
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for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
1.2 Within the constraints specified in Section 6, this test
method is not subject to commonly encountered interferences
3. Terminology
and is applicable to most waters. Some waters, however, can
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this test
exert an iodine demand, usually because of organic material,
method, refer to Terminology D 1129.
making less iodine available for measurement by this test
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
method. Thus, it is possible to obtain falsely low chlorine
3.2.1 combined residual chlorine,, n—residual consisting of
readings, even though the test method is working properly,
chlorine combined with ammonia nitrogen or nitrogenous
without the user’s knowledge.
compounds.
1.3 Precision data for this test method were obtained on
3.2.2 free available chlorine residual,, n—residual consist-
estuary, inland main stem river, fresh lake, open ocean, and
ing of hypochlorite ions, hypochlorous acid, or a combination
fresh cooling tower blowdown water. Bias data could not be
thereof.
determined because of the instability of solutions of chlorine in
3.2.3 total residual chlorine (chlorine residual),, n—the
water. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of the
amount of available chlorine-induced oxidants present in water
test method for untested types of water.
at any specified period, subsequent to the addition of chlorine.
1.4 In the testing by which this standard was validated, the
direct and back starch-iodide titrations and the amperometric
NOTE 2—Chlorine present as chloride is neither included in these terms
back titration, formerly part of this standard, were found to be nor determined by this test method.
NOTE 3—Bromine, bromine combined with ammonia or nitrogenous
unworkable and were discontinued in 1986. Historical infor-
compounds, and chlorine dioxide are not distinguished by this test method
mation is presented in Appendix X1.
from the corresponding chlorine compounds.
NOTE 1—Orthotolidinetestmethodshavebeenomittedbecauseofpoor
precision and accuracy. 4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This is an amperometric titration test method utilizing
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
phenylarsine oxide as the titrant. When the titrator cell is
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
immersedinasamplecontainingchlorine,currentisgenerated.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
As phenylarsine oxide is added, the chlorine is reduced and the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
generation of current ceases. When chlorine is present as a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
chloramine, potassium iodide is added, releasing iodine, which
2. Referenced Documents
is titrated in a similar manner. The iodine content is calculated
2.1 ASTM Standards: in terms of free chlorine.
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D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
2 5. Significance and Use
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
5.1 Chlorine is used to destroy or deactivate a variety of
D 2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
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unwanted chemicals and microorganisms in water and waste-
Applicable Methods of Committee D19 on Water
water.
5.2 An uncontrolled excess of chlorine in water, whether
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water
free available or combined, can adversely affect the subsequent
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
use of the water.
in Water.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published July 2003. Originally
approved in 1953. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 1253 – 86 (1996).
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
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D 1253–03
FIG. 1 Wiring Diagram of
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