ASTM C917-05(2011)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: C917 − 05 (Reapproved 2011)
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Cement Strength Uniformity From a Single
Source
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C917; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Significance and Use
4.1 Thistestmethodisdesignedtopresentinastandardized
1.1 This test method is intended for use in instances in
format information on the variability of strength of cement
which the purchaser desires information on the strength uni-
from a single source over a period of time. It can be applied to
formityofahydrauliccementproducedatasinglesource.Itis
all hydraulic cements covered in Specifications C150, C595,
intended that this test method normally be used for the
and C1157.
predominant cement manufactured at a cement plant. Guide-
lines for sampling, testing, presentation of results, and evalu-
NOTE 1—It should be recognized that concrete strength variability is
ation are given.
influenced by other factors in addition to cement strength variability.
1.2 Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegarded
5. Sampling
as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information
only.
5.1 All sampling shall be performed by quality control or
testing personnel or someone specifically trained for this
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
purpose.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
5.2 Takerandomgrabsamplesfromdeliveryunitsorduring
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the loading or unloading process. Delivery units larger than
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
125 tons (115 Mg) shall be sampled during loading or
unloading. If samples are taken during loading or unloading,
2. Referenced Documents
the two or more portions that are to be composited to make a
2 sample shall be taken during the transfer to no more than 125
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tons (115 Mg) of cement. Identify samples by the date on
C109/C109MTest Method for Compressive Strength of
which the cement they represent was shipped or received.
Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or [50-mm] Cube
Specimens)
NOTE2—Standardstatisticalproceduresarerecommendedforensuring
thatsamplesareselectedbyarandomprocedure.Theseprocedurescanbe
C150Specification for Portland Cement
used to select the days within a month or within a week that samples will
C219Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement
be taken. Then the delivery unit or the time of day can be chosen
C595Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
randomly.
C1157Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
5.3 If taken from a truck or rail car, take at least two
E456Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
separate 5-lb (approximately 2.3-kg) grab samples and thor-
oughly mix together to obtain a minimum 10-lb (4.5-kg) test
3. Terminology
sample. Sample only through hatches in the top of the unit.
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms relating to this test
Remove approximately a 12-in. (300-mm) layer of cement.
method, refer to Terminologies C219 and E456.
Makeaholebeforeobtainingasampletoavoidcollectingdust
collectormaterialthatmaybedischargedintothedeliveryunit
after the cement flow ceases.
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeC01onCement
5.4 If taken from another point in the loading or unloading
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C01.27 on Strength.
process,thesampleshallconsistofaminimumoftwoseparate
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally
5-lb (approximately 2.3-kg) grab samples thoroughly mixed
approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as C917–05. DOI:
10.1520/C0917-05R11.
together or at least 10 lb (4.5 kg) as accumulated by a
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
continuous sampler. Take care to avoid segregation and con-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
tamination of samples taken from screws, pneumatic systems,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. or air slides.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C917 − 05 (2011)
5.5 When samples are taken at the cement plant and exceeds 5.5%, the data are of questionable precision, and
shipments or rate of production of the cement exceeds 25000 laboratory procedures and equipment should be thoroughly
tons (23000 Mg) per month, take samples at a rate of at least examined.
tenpermonthandatleasttwoperweek.Whenshipmentorrate 6.2.3 Use the results of duplicate tests indicating acceptable
of production of the cement is less than 25000 tons (23000 precision to estimate the single-laboratory testing variation for
Mg) per month, take samples at a rate of at least one per 2500 all other types of cement tested in that laboratory during the
tons (2300 Mg). When samples are taken at the cement plant, same period of time, provided that duplicate tests have been
innoinstanceshallsamplesbetakenmorefrequentlythanone made on at least one sample per month.
per 200 tons (180 Mg) of cement shipped or received, except
7. Calculation
thatsamplingofconsecutiveshipmentsispermittedwhenthey
7.1 The calculations shall include the following:
result from randomization.
7.1.1 Average Strength:
6. Procedure
X 1X 1.1X
1 2 n
¯
X 5 (1)
n
6.1 Test all samples for 7- and 28-day compressive strength
in accordance with Test Method C109/C109M using three
where:
specimensforeachtestage.Tobecomparable,alltestsusedin
¯
= average strength,
X
a single evaluation must be made in a single laboratory and
X,X ,.,X = strength of individual tests, each of which
1 2 n
preferably by the same laboratory operator.
is composed of the average of cubes in
NOTE3—Whenseparateevaluationsofasinglesourcearemadebytwo
accordance with Test Method C109/
or more laboratories, additional tests of a standard cement or exchange of
C109M, and
portions of the same sample of cement may be necessary to determine
n = number of individual samples.
differences in testing that are likely to be obtained in the different
laboratories. Five or more batches may be necessary to obtain a valid
7.1.2 Total Standard Deviation:
comparison between laboratories. Statistical techniques must be used to
2 2 2
assess the validity of differences that might be obtained. Participation in ¯ ¯ ¯
~X 2 X! 1~X 2 X! 1.1~X 2 X!
1 2 n
the Cement Proficiency Sample Program of the CCRL by both laborato- S 5Π(2)
t
n 21
~ !
ries will be helpful in resolving differences that are found.
where:
6.1.1 When two laboratories exchange portions of the same
sample and prepare single batches, results from the two S = standard deviation, psi.
t
laboratoriesshallnotdifferbymorethan18.7%oftheaverage
7.1.3 Standard Deviation For Testing:
of the two laboratories (see Test Method C109/C109M multi-
¯
S 50.862R
laboratory d2s). If a larger number of samples are exchanged
e
the difference in average strength shall not exceed 18.7/=n%
S = standard deviation estimated from tests of duplicate
e
of the overall average strength, where n is the number of
batches mixed in a single laboratory,
samples exchanged and tested by each laboratory. A more
R = range, the difference between the strengths of the
precise calculation is outlined in Appendix X1.
duplicate batches from a single sample (all numbers
6.2 Mix duplicate batches of mortar to determine the effect are positive),
¯
= average of the individual ranges, R, for the preced-
of testing variations on the uniformity of results made in a R
ing ten tests of duplicate batches. See 6.2.1 if fewer
single laboratory. Make duplicate batches on a day different
than ten ranges are available, and
from the original batch of mortar.
0.862 = range coefficient for duplicate tests of the same
6.2.1 When a uniformity testing program is started on
sample of cement.
shipments from a single source, make duplicate batches of
mortar from every third cement sample. When duplicate tests
7.1.4 Coeffıcient of Variation for Testing:
have been made from a minimum of five cement samples,
¯
calculate the average range, R , for the available duplicates,
¯
V 5100S /X
e e
then calculate standard deviation and coefficient of variation
for testing according to 7.1.3 and 7.1.4, respectively. Increase
where:
the number of duplicate batches used in the calculation until
V = coefficients of variation estimated from tests of dupli-
e
the results of ten cement samples are used in the calculation.
cate batches mixed in a single laboratory, and
Afterthattime,useonlythetenmostrecentresultsofduplicate
¯
= average of the strengths of the duplicate batches from
X
testing in the calculation of the standard deviation and coeffi-
¯
which R is calculated.
cient of variation for testing. See Table 1.
7.1.5 Standard Deviation Corrected For Testing Variations:
6.2.2 When at least ten sets of duplicate batches have been
2 2
S 5 =S 2S (3)
made and the coefficient of variation for testing is less than
c t e
4.0%, the frequency of testing duplicate batches can be
where:
reducedtooneoutoftenconsecutivecementsamples.Resume
S = net standard deviation of cement corrected for testing
c
testing one sample out of three if the coefficient of variation
error,
later exceeds 4.0%. If the coefficient of variation for testing
C917 − 05 (2011)
NOTE4—Valuesforaveragesandstandarddeviationscanbecalculated
S = total standard deviations for all tests included in the
t 3
by other methods that are available in ASTM STP 15D. Electronic
calculation, and
calculators are available for obtaining these statistics directly.
S = standarddeviationofduplicatetestsrunonsplitsample
e
to evaluate testing error.
The addition of the subscript 28 or 7 indicates the type of
Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, ASTM STP 15 D,
strength data used in the calculation. ASTM 1976.
TABLE 1 Calculation of Standard Deviation for Testing
A
7-Day Data Average
B D
C
¯
Range S
R e
Sample
E
Date Test A Test B V Note
e
Number
psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
01 /06 3 4900 (33.7) 4960 (34.2) 4930 (34.0) 60 (0.41) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
01 /16 6 4580 (31.5) 4670 (32.2) 4625 (31.8) 90 (0.62) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
01 /30 9 4650 (32.0) 4850 (33.4) 4750 (32.7) 200 (1.37) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
02 /05 12 4400 (30.3) 4510 (31.1) 4455 (30.7) 110 (0.75) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
02 /13 15 4380 (30.2) 4300 (29.6) 4340 (29.9) 80 (0.55) 108 (0.74) 93 (0.64) 2.02 % Av. 5
02 /21 18 4700 (32.4) 4770 (32.8) 4735 (32.6) 70 (0.48) 102 (0.70) 88 (0.60) 1.89 % Av. 6
03 /04 21 4470 (30.8) 4610 (31.7) 4540 (31.3) 140 (0.96) 107 (0.73) 92 (0.64) 2.00 % Av. 7
03 /14 24 4030 (27.7) 3970 (27.3) 4000 (27.5) 60 (0.41) 101 (0.69) 87 (0.60) 1.92 % Av. 8
03 /19 27 4970 (34.2) 4820 (33.2) 4895 (33.7) 150 (1.03) 107 (0.73) 92 (0.63) 2.01 % Av. 9
03 /27 30 4550 (31.3) 4530 (31.2) 4540 (31.3) 20 (0.13) 96 (0.67) 84 (0.58) 1.84 % Av. 10 (6)
04 /30 40 4750 (32.7) 4920 (33.9) 4835 (33.3) 170 (1.17) 109 (0.75) 94 (0.65) 2.06 % Av. last 10
05 /31 50 5030 (34.6) 4820 (33.2) 4925 (33.9) 210 (1.44) 121 (0.83) 104 (0.72) 2.27 % Av. last 10
06 /29 60 4830 (33.3) 4720 (32.5) 4775 (32.9) 110 (0.75) 112 (0.77) 97 (0.67) 2.10 % Av. last 10
07 /28 70 4400 (30.3) 4460 (30.7) 4430 (30.5) 60 (0.41) 107 (0.73) 92 (0.64) 2.00 % Av. last 10
08 /30 80 4550 (31.3) 4460 (30.7) 4505 (31.0) 90 (0.62) 108 (0.74) 93 (0.64) 2.02 % Av. last 10
09 /25 90 4930 (34.0) 5000 (34.4) 4965 (34.2) 70 (0.48) 108 (0.74) 93 (0.64) 2.01 % Av. last 10
10 /26 100 4950 (34.1) 4820 (33.2) 4885 (33.6) 130 (0.89) 107 (0.73) 92 (0.64) 1.97 % Av. last 10
11 /25 110 4670 (32.2) 4720 (32.5) 4695 (32.3) 50 (0.34) 106 (0.73) 91 (0.63) 1.93 % Av. last 10
12 /21 120 4450 (30.6) 4520 (31.1) 4485 (30.9) 70 (0.48) 96 (0.67) 84 (0.58) 1.80 % Av. last 10
28-Day Data
A B C D
¯
Average Range S
Sample R e
E
Date Test A Test B V Note
e
Number
psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa) psi (MPa)
01 /06 3 6370 (43.9) 6620 (45.6) 6495 (44.7) 250 (1.72) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
01 /16 6 6250 (43.1) 6020 (41.5) 6135 (42.3) 230 (1.58) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
01 /30 9 6050 (41.7) 6120 (42.2) 6085 (41.9) 70 (0.48) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
02 /05 12 6020 (41.5) 6230 (42.9) 6125 (42.2) 210 (1.44) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
02 /13 15 5600 (38.6) 5420 (37.3) 5510 (38.0) 180 (1.24) 188 (1.29) 162 (1.12) 2.67 % Av. 5
02 /21 18 5500 (37.9) 5530 (38.1) 5515 (38.0) 30 (0.20) 162 (1.11) 139 (0.96) 2.33 % Av. 6
03 /04 21 6320 (43.5) 6280 (43.3) 6300 (43.4) 40 (0.27) 144 (0.99) 124 (0.86) 2.06 % Av. 7
03 /14 24 5920 (40.8) 6010 (41.4) 5965 (41.1) 90 (0.62) 138 (0.94) 119 (0.82) 1.97 % Av. 8
03 /19 27 6300 (43.4) 6050 (41.7) 6175 (42.5) 250 (1.72) 150 (1.03) 129 (0.89) 2.14 % Av. 9
03 /27 30 6350 (43.7) 6410 (44.2) 6380 (44.0) 60 (0.41) 141 (0.97) 122 (0.84) 2.00 % Av. 10 (6)
04 /30 40 6050 (41.7) 5940 (40.9) 5995 (41.3) 110 (0.75) 127 (0.87) 109 (0.75) 1.82 % Av. last 10
05 /31 50 6670 (46.0) 6530 (45.0) 6600 (45.5) 140 (0.96) 118 (0.81) 102 (0.70) 1.68 % Av. last 10
06 /29 60 6350 (43.7) 6190 (42.6) 6270 (43.2) 160 (1.10) 127 (0.87) 109 (0.75) 1.80 % Av. last 10
07 /28 70 6500 (44.8) 6300 (43.4) 6400 (44.1) 200 (1.37) 126 (0.86) 109 (0.75) 1.78 % Av. last 10
08 /30 80 6200 (42.7) 6150 (42.4) 6175 (42.5) 50 (0.34) 113 (0.77) 97 (0.67) 1.58 % Av. last 10
09 /25 90 6630 (45.7) 6540 (45.1) 6585 (45.4) 90 (0.62) 119 (0.82) 103 (0.71) 1.63 % Av. last 10
10 /26 100 6230 (42.9) 6010 (41.4) 6120 (42.2) 220 (1.51) 137 (0.94) 118 (0.81) 1.88 % Av. last 10
11 /25 110 5920 (40.8) 6020 (41.5) 5970 (41.1) 100 (0.68) 138 (0.95) 119 (0.82) 1.90 % Av. last 10
12/21 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Notes: Initially one out of three samples are tested in duplicate until at least ten duplicate test results are available.
A
Average of the test results A and B.
B
Absolute difference between tests A and B.
C
Average range is calculated for a minimum of five duplicate tests. Subsequently, ranges of the ten most recent duplicate tests are averaged.
D ¯
Standard deviation for testing is calculated as in 7.1.3: S = 0.862 × R .
e
E ¯ ¯ ¯
Coefficient of variation for testing is calculated as in 7.1.4: V 5100 S /X . Note that X is the average strength of the duplicate batches from which R is determined.
e e
8. R
...