ASTM D3665-99

NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 3665 – 99
Standard Practice for
Random Sampling of Construction Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the person taking the sample.
1.1 This practice covers the determination of random loca-
NOTE 1—The effectiveness of this practice in achieving random
tions (or timing) at which samples of construction materials samples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the user in following
the stipulated procedures.
can be taken. For the exact physical procedures for securing the
sample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the number
3.2 A less detailed procedure is included in 5.8 for normal
of increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample,
usage and is considered the most practical means except where
reference should be made to the appropriate standard method.
the sampling is deemed extremely critical or where dispute is
The selection procedures in Section 4 utilize the table of
anticipated.
three-digit numbers given in Table 1.
3.3 The selection procedures and examples in this standard
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
provide a practical approach for ensuring that construction
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
material samples are obtained in a random manner. Additional
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
details concerning the number of sample increments, the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
number of samples, the quantities of material in each, and the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
procedures for extracting sample increments or samples from
the construction lot or process are contained in Practices C 172,
2. Referenced Documents
C 183, D 75, D 140, D 979, D 5361, and Test Method D 345.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.4 This standard contains examples citing road and paving
C 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Concrete
materials. The concepts outlined therein are applicable to the
C 183 Practice for Sampling and the Amount of Testing of
random sampling of any construction material and can easily
Hydraulic Cement
be adapted thereto.
D 75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
3.5 Additional sampling guidance is provided in Practice
D 140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
E 105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E 122 con-
D 345 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Calcium
cerning choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality
Chloride for Roads and Structural Applications
of a lot or process (see Note 2), and in Practice E 141 for
D 979 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Paving Mixtures
acceptance of evidence based on results of probability sam-
D 5361 Practice for Sampling Compacted Bituminous Mix-
pling.
tures for Laboratory Testing
NOTE 2—The guidance contained in Practice E 122 is not available in
E 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
other documents referenced in this section.
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate a
3.6 The best and most practical method for ensuring that
Measure of Quality for a Lot or Process
samples of construction materials include the full range of a
E 141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the
construction process is by incorporating a stratified-random
Results of Probability Sampling
sampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement a
3. Significance and Use
stratified-random sampling procedure, divide the lot to be
sampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomly
3.1 This practice is useful for determining the location or
sample each sublot in accordance with this standard.
time, or both, to take a sample in order to eliminate any
intentional or minimize any unintentional bias on the part of
NOTE 3—If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary to
weight the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible sampling
process.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-4 on Road and
Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.30 on
4. Selection Procedures
Methods of Sampling.
Current edition approved Feb. 10, 1999. Published May 1999. Originally
4.1 Sampling from a Belt or Flowing Stream of Material:
published as D 3665 – 78. Last previous edition D 3665 – 94.
4.1.1 Determine the length of time, t, in minutes, for the lot
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01. of material to be sampled to pass the sampling point and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
determine the number of samples, n, to be taken from the lot.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3665
TABLE 1 Table of Random Numbers
01234 56789
1 0.272 0.519 0.098 0.459 1.000 0.554 0.250 0.246 0.736 0.432
2 0.994 0.978 0.693 0.593 0.690 0.028 0.831 0.319 0.073 0.268
3 0.039 0.449 0.737 0.501 0.960 0.254 0.239 0.474 0.031 0.720
4 0.144 0.695 0.339 0.621 0.128 0.032 0.413 0.617 0.764 0.257
5 0.312 0.138 0.670 0.894 0.682 0.061 0.832 0.765 0.226 0.745
6 0.871 0.838 0.595 0.576 0.096 0.581 0.245 0.786 0.412 0.867
7 0.783 0.874 0.795 0.430 0.265 0.059 0.260 0.563 0.632 0.394
8 0.358 0.424 0.684 0.074 0.109 0.345 0.618 0.176 0.352 0.748
9 0.494 0.839 0.337 0.325 0.699 0.083 0.043 0.809 0.981 0.499
10 0.642 0.514 0.297 0.869 0.744 0.824 0.524 0.656 0.608 0.408
11 0.485 0.240 0.292 0.335 0.088 0.589 0.127 0.396 0.401 0.407
12 0.728 0.819 0.557 0.050 0.152 0.816 0.404 0.079 0.703 0.493
13 0.029 0.262 0.558 0.159 0.767 0.175 0.979 0.521 0.781 0.843
14 0.918 0.348 0.311 0.232 0.797 0.921 0.995 0.225 0.397 0.356
15 0.641 0.013 0.780 0.478 0.529 0.520 0.093 0.426 0.323 0.504
16 0.208 0.468 0.045 0.798 0.065 0.315 0.318 0.742 0.597 0.080
17 0.346 0.429 0.537 0.469 0.697 0.124 0.541 0.525 0.281 0.962
18 0.900 0.206 0.539 0.308 0.480 0.293 0.448 0.010 0.836 0.233
19 0.228 0.369 0.513 0.762 0.952 0.856 0.574 0.158 0.689 0.579
20 0.746 0.170 0.974 0.306 0.145 0.139 0.417 0.195 0.338 0.901
21 0.363 0.103 0.931 0.389 0.199 0.488 0.915 0.067 0.878 0.640
22 0.663 0.942 0.278 0.785 0.638 0.002 0.989 0.462 0.927 0.186
23 0.545 0.185 0.054 0.198 0.717 0.247 0.913 0.975 0.555 0.559
24 0.360 0.349 0.569 0.910 0.420 0.492 0.947 0.115 0.884 0.452
25 0.789 0.815 0.464 0.484 0.020 0.007 0.547 0.941 0.365 0.261
26 0.279 0.609 0.086 0.852 0.890 0.108 0.076 0.089 0.662 0.607
27 0.680 0.235 0.706 0.827 0.572 0.769 0.310 0.036 0.329 0.477
28 0.078 0.444 0.178 0.651 0.423 0.672 0.517 0.660 0.657 0.972
29 0.676 0.830 0.531 0.888 0.305 0.421 0.307 0.502 0.112 0.808
30 0.861 0.899 0.643 0.771 0.037 0.241 0.582 0.578 0.634 0.077
31 0.111 0.364 0.970 0.669 0.548 0.687 0.639 0.510 0.105 0.549
32 0.289 0.857 0.948 0.980 0.132 0.094 0.298 0.870 0.309 0.441
33 0.961 0.893 0.392 0.377 0.864 0.472 0.009 0.946 0.766 0.287
34 0.637 0.986 0.753 0.566 0.213 0.807 0.017 0.460 0.515 0.630
35 0.834 0.121 0.255 0.453 0.376 0.583 0.422 0.371 0.399 0.366
36 0.284 0.490 0.402 0.151 0.044 0.436 0.747 0.694 0.136 0.585
37 0.038 0.814 0.594 0.911 0.324 0.322 0.895 0.411 0.160 0.367
38 0.351 0.283 0.027 0.220 0.685 0.527 0.943 0.556 0.853 0.612
39 0.143 0.384 0.645 0.479 0.489 0.052 0.187 0.990 0.912 0.750
40 0.512 0.056 0.018 0.122 0.303 0.803 0.553 0.729 0.205 0.925
41 0.296 0.705 0.156 0.616 0.534 0.168 0.564 0.866 0.739 0.850
42 0.451 0.536 0.768 0.518 0.481 0.880 0.835 0.734 0.427 0.847
43 0.837 0.405 0.591 0.370 0.104 0.848 0.004 0.414 0.354 0.707
44 0.724 0.153 0.841 0.829 0.470 0.391 0.388 0.163 0.817 0.790
45 0.665 0.825 0.671 0.623 0.770 0.400 0.068 0.440 0.019 0.944
46 0.573 0.716 0.266 0.456 0.434 0.467 0.603 0.169 0.721 0.779
47 0.332 0.702 0.300 0.570 0.945 0.968 0.649 0.097 0.118 0.242
48 0.755 0.951 0.937 0.550 0.879 0.162 0.791 0.810 0.625 0.674
49 0.439 0.491 0.855 0.446 0.773 0.542 0.416 0.350 0.957 0.419
50 0.700 0.877 0.442 0.286 0.526 0.071 0.154 0.988 0.333 0.626
Following the instructions accompanying Table 1, pick n
0.091
0.420
numbers to determine the times t to select the necessary
0.217
samples.
0.370
0.006
4.1.2 Example:
4.1.2.1 The lot of material to be sampled from a flowing
These numbers are used directly (decimals disregarded) to
stream at a transfer point is defined as 480 min of production. determine the sample selection times. Any number over 480
should be discarded and another chosen.
Five samples are required from the lot. From Table 1, the
following five numbers were picked: 4.1.2.2 Thus, samples will be taken at the following times
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 3665
TABLE 1 Continued
01234 56789
51 0.523 0.613 0.752 0.733 0.528 0.072 0.820 0.929 0.777 0.461
52 0.905 0.182 0.567 0.249 0.227 0.229 0.604 0.304 0.217 0.142
53 0.373 0.120 0.602 0.793 0.692 0.863 0.954 0.873 0.107 0.675
54 0.057 0.953 0.041 0.090 0.223 0.508 0.806 0.438 0.203 0.586
55 0.967 0.040 0.708 0.271 0.189 0.342 0.740 0.801 0.985 0.263
56 0.917 0.715 0.758 0.005 0.666 0.599 0.934 0.100 0.987 0.085
57 0.131 0.646 0.659 0.047 0.051 0.562 0.435 0.731 0.362 0.317
58 0.326 0.605 0.443 0.601 0.386 0.560 0.378 0.172 0.445 0.636
59 0.299 0.106 0.237 0.732 0.796 0.476 0.099 0.804 0.735 0.950
60 0.101 0.055 0.776 0.686 0.171 0.533 0.936 0.095 0.982 0.211
61 0.267 0.598 0.754 0.658 0.274 0.215 0.177 0.218 0.330 0.628
62 0.471 0.102 0.454 0.568 0.963 0.357 0.882 0.507 0.157 0.580
63 0.535 0.881 0.014 0.966 0.958 0.190 0.180 0.759 0.433 0.355
64 0.277 0.458 0.295 0.196 0.772 0.148 0.466 0.291 0.688 0.046
65 0.719 0.167 0.181 0.653 0.328 0.070 0.015 0.155 0.631 0.063
66 0.385 0.858 0.713 0.883 0.916 0.084 0.561 0.999 0.379 0.668
67 0.862 0.928 0.822 0.8
...