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ASTM D7786-13

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Determining Enamel Holdout

Standard Test Method for Determining Enamel Holdout

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard may be used by paint companies and raw material suppliers to assess the interactions of primers and topcoats with respect to their ability to provide good enamel holdout. Primer/topcoat systems with the best enamel holdout will result in desirable gloss in the first coat of topcoat application.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a method for determining the holdout characteristics of a primer and topcoat coating application. A standard topcoat is used to determine the absorption characteristics of a primer. Enamel holdout can be measured as a difference in observed gloss of the topcoat over a primer, relative to the gloss of the same topcoat over a non-porous smooth surface.  
1.2 The standard is written in the context that the user will be evaluating the enamel holdout characteristics of a primer. Alternatively, the standard may be used as a method to evaluate the enamel holdout characteristics of primer/topcoat system where the primer is constant and different topcoats are used as test paints.  
1.3 This standard may also be used for evaluation of paints other than primers as the first coat. In this alteration the user can test the enamel holdout characteristics of a self primed topcoat, or use of any other type of paint as the primer followed by the use of a standard topcoat.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Oct-2013
ICS
25.220.50 - Enamels
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.42 - Architectural Coatings
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D7786-12 - Standard Test Method for Determining Enamel Holdout
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Replaced By
ASTM D7786-13(2019) - Standard Test Method for Determining Enamel Holdout
Effective Date
01-Apr-2019
Referred By
ASTM D3730-17(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Architectural Wall Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM D3322-23 - Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Referred By
ASTM D5324-16(2022) - Standard Guide for Testing Water-Borne Architectural Coatings
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013

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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7786 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Enamel Holdout
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation
of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
1.1 This standard provides a method for determining the
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
holdout characteristics of a primer and topcoat coating appli-
ASTM Test Methods
cation. A standard topcoat is used to determine the absorption
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
characteristics of a primer. Enamel holdout can be measured as
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
a difference in observed gloss of the topcoat over a primer,
relative to the gloss of the same topcoat over a non-porous
3. Terminology
smooth surface.
3.1 Definitions:
1.2 The standard is written in the context that the user will
3.1.1 enamel holdout, n—the ability of a primer/topcoat
be evaluating the enamel holdout characteristics of a primer.
system to retain gloss of the topcoat relative to gloss of the
Alternatively,thestandardmaybeusedasamethodtoevaluate
topcoat over a non-porous smooth surface.
the enamel holdout characteristics of primer/topcoat system
3.1.2 primer, n—an undercoat of paint applied to prepare a
where the primer is constant and different topcoats are used as
surface for final painting.
test paints.
3.1.3 topcoat, n—a coating, intended as the final coat of a
1.3 This standard may also be used for evaluation of paints
finished system, which has the desired appearance and resis-
other than primers as the first coat. In this alteration the user
tance properties as specified by the end user.
can test the enamel holdout characteristics of a self primed
topcoat,oruseofanyothertypeofpaintastheprimerfollowed
4. Summary of Test Method
by the use of a standard topcoat.
4.1 A substrate, preferably a non-porous smooth drawdown
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
card, is coated using a test primer and allowed to dry. The
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
primer-coated substrate is then coated with the standard top-
standard.
coat and allowed to dry (primed topcoat).
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.2 A non-porous smooth substrate is coated using only the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
standard topcoat and allowed to dry (unprimed topcoat).
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.3 Gloss measurements are taken over the primed topcoat
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and also over the unprimed topcoat. The difference in the gloss
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
reading between the primed topcoat system and unprimed
topcoat system is an indication of enamel holdout. Smaller
2. Referenced Documents
differences indicate better enamel holdout.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
5. Significance and Use
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
5.1 This standard may be used by paint companies and raw
of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
material suppliers to assess the interactions of primers and
topcoats with respect to their ability to provide good enamel
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
holdout. Primer/topcoat systems with the best enamel holdout
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
will result in desirable gloss in the first coat of topcoat
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
application.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013. Published December 2013. Originally
approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7786 – 12. DOI:
6. Apparatus
10.1520/D7786-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
6.1 Film Applicator, preferably a drawdown bar, capable of
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
applying wet-film thickness of approximately 0.075 mm (3.0
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. mils).
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7786 − 13
6.2 If preferred, brush, roller or spray applicators can be
substituted for the drawdown applicators.
6.3 Gloss Meter capable of measuring 20 and 60°gloss.
7. Reagents an
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7786 − 12 D7786 − 13
Standard Test Method for
1
Determining Enamel Holdout
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7786; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard provides a method for determining the holdout characteristics of a primer and topcoat coating application. A
standard topcoat is used to determine the absorption characteristics of a primer. Enamel holdout can be measured as a difference
in observed gloss of the topcoat over a primer, relative to the gloss of the same topcoat over a non-porous smooth surface.
1.2 The standard is written in the context that the user will be evaluating the enamel holdout characteristics of a primer.
Alternatively, the standard may be used as a method to evaluate the enamel holdout characteristics of primer/topcoat system where
the primer is constant and different topcoats are used as test paints.
1.3 This standard may also be used for evaluation of paints other than primers as the first coat. In this alteration the user can
test the enamel holdout characteristics of a self primed topcoat, or use of any other type of paint as the primer followed by the
use of a standard topcoat.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 enamel holdout, n—the ability of a primer/topcoat system to retain gloss of the topcoat relative to gloss of the topcoat over
a non-porous smooth surface.
3.1.2 primer, n—an undercoat of paint applied to prepare a surface for final painting.
3.1.3 topcoat, n—a coating, intended as the final coat of a finished system, which has the desired appearance and resistance
properties as specified by the end user.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A substrate, preferably a non-porous smooth drawdown card, is coated using a test primer and allowed to dry. The
primer-coated substrate is then coated with the standard topcoat and allowed to dry (primed topcoat).
4.2 A non-porous smooth substrate is coated using only the standard topcoat and allowed to dry (unprimed topcoat).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2012Nov. 1, 2013. Published February 2012December 2013. Originally approved in 2012. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as
D7786 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/D7786–12.10.1520/D7786-13.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7786 − 13
4.3 Gloss measurements are taken over the primed topcoat and also over the unprimed topcoat. The difference in the gloss
reading between the primed topcoat system and unprimed topcoat system is an indication of enamel holdout. Smaller differences
indicate better enamel holdout.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This standard may be used by paint companies and raw material suppliers to assess the interactions of primers and topcoats
with respect to their ability to provide good enamel holdout. Primer/topcoat systems with the best enamel holdout will result in
desirable gloss in
...

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Standard Test Method for Determining Enamel Holdout

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This standard may be used by paint companies and raw material suppliers to assess the interactions of primers and topcoats with respect to their ability to provide good enamel holdout. Primer/topcoat systems with the best enamel holdout will result in desirable gloss in the first coat of topcoat application.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides a method for determining the holdout characteristics of a primer and topcoat coating application. A standard topcoat is used to determine the absorption characteristics of a primer. Enamel holdout can be measured as a difference in observed gloss of the topcoat over a primer, relative to the gloss of the same topcoat over a non-porous, smooth surface.  
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This test method covers the determination of the resistance of porcelain-enameled utensils to thermal shock. A hot plate, timing device, container, and sponge shall be used. The surface temperature of the hot plate, determined by any suitable surface temperature measuring device, may be varied by changing the wattage input to the hot plate. If the hot plate surface temperature be calibrated to wattage input, the desired temperature may then be set by adjusting wattage input. The wattage input or similar calibration shall be made for each surface temperature. In preparation for the test, the hot plate shall be leveled and the surface temperature shall be adjusted to a certain level. Quenching water shall be placed in a large container and its temperature shall be adjusted to a certain level. The amount of water required to fill a test utensil to a certain depth shall be measured. A dry utensil shall be centered directly on the preheated hot plate. After a certain time, the utensil shall be removed from the hot plate and the utensil immediately shall be filled to some depth with quenching water. After a few seconds, the quenching water shall be poured out and the inside of the utensil shall be wiped with a wrung-out damp sponge. After some time, the utensil on the hot plate shall be replaced. Immediately after centering the utensil on the hot plate, the input to the hot plate shall be adjusted so that the hot plate surface temperature will reach a certain level. The utensil shall be allowed to heat dry for a few minutes with the hot plate adjusted so the new surface temperature will be reached. After a certain heating period, the utensil shall be removed. This procedure shall be repeated according to the schedule given. The test shall be continued until the utensil fails or has withstood quenching after a certain heating temperature.
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2.1 The measurement of adherence in porcelain enamel systems, such as ground coat, ground coat/cover coat, and direct-on cover-coat enamels, is an important procedure for monitoring process variables in metal preparation, enamel application thickness, steel selection, and enamel selection, as well as assuring the ultimate quality of the finished product.
SCOPE
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4.1 When a porcelain enamel is first subjected to abrasion of the type involved in these tests, the rate of wear or attrition is relatively low. As the enamel is subjected to continued abrasion, the rate of wear increases until it reaches a steady value. Thereafter, the rate of wear remains almost constant until the enamel is penetrated and the underlying ground coat or metal exposed. The abrasion that occurs during the period of increasing rate-of-weight loss is defined as surface abrasion and results in reduced gloss and cleanability with high-gloss enamels and a modification of color, appearance, or surface texture, or combination thereof with low-gloss enamels. The abrasion that occurs during the period of steady rate-of-weight loss is defined as subsurface abrasion and results in the destruction of the continuity of the coating. These two types of abrasion are not necessarily proportional, and since it is desirable to be able to determine the resistance of porcelain enamel to both types of abrasion, it is necessary to deal with each one separately.
SCOPE
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