ASTM F1016-07(2020)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Linear Tire Treadwear Data Analysis
Standard Practice for Linear Tire Treadwear Data Analysis
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to standardize the meaning and derivation of some terms and indexes that are commonly used to characterize treadwear.
5.1.1 There is no intent to recommend either of the two treadwear performance indexes: distance per unit loss of tread depth or loss of tread depth per distance unit.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the elementary linear regression analysis of basic treadwear data as obtained according to Test Method F421 and Test Method F762.
1.2 The basic treadwear data are obtained as groove depth loss measurements by procedures described in Test Method F421 after a series of test cycles (test distances under specified conditions) according to Test Method F762.
1.3 A linear regression analysis is performed for the relationship between average tire tread depth and the test distance traveled by the test vehicle, on which the test tires are mounted. From this analysis a rate of wear is determined: groove depth loss per unit distance.
1.4 Linear treadwear is defined as an essentially constant rate of wear, after break-in, which results in a linear regression coefficient of determination, R2, equal to or greater than 0.95 when obtained for a data set where the number of measurement intervals, n, is at least 3. Each measurement interval represents a specific test distance.
1.5 This practice is not applicable to the prediction of treadlife for tires that exhibit non-linear or irregular treadwear.
1.6 Evaluation parameters are given for both SI and inch-pound units; either may be used. The evaluation parameters as defined are ones typically used in the tire testing industry and no special claim is made for superiority of these parameters and terms over other terms and parameters that may be developed.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Apr-2020
- Technical Committee
- F09 - Tires
- Drafting Committee
- F09.30 - Laboratory (Non-Vehicular) Testing
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
- Effective Date
- 01-Jun-2013
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2009
- Refers
ASTM F421-07 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth in Passenger Car Tires - Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2007
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2003
- Effective Date
- 10-May-2000
- Refers
ASTM F421-00 - Standard Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth in Passenger Car Tires - Effective Date
- 10-May-2000
- Effective Date
- 10-Apr-1999
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2020
Overview
ASTM F1016-07(2020), Standard Practice for Linear Tire Treadwear Data Analysis, provides a standardized approach for analyzing linear tire treadwear data using elementary linear regression. Developed by ASTM International, this standard is widely used in the tire industry for consistent characterization of treadwear performance. The practice describes procedures for calculating rates of tire treadwear, assessing groove depth loss, and effectively applying linear regression analysis to tire treadwear measurements gathered during controlled test cycles. The standard aims to harmonize the terminology, data analysis methods, and reporting practices across laboratories and manufacturers, promoting comparability and reliability in tire treadwear evaluation.
Key Topics
- Linear Regression for Treadwear: Outlines the use of simple linear regression to analyze tire tread depth loss against the distance traveled during test cycles.
- Standardized Terminology: Defines key terms such as average tire tread depth, break-in period, fastest wearing location, projected treadlife, and rate of wear.
- Consistent Evaluation Parameters: Provides guidance for calculating treadwear in both SI (millimetres per 1000 kilometres) and inch-pound units (mils per 1000 miles).
- Criteria for Linearity: Establishes requirements for considering wear as "linear," including a regression coefficient of determination (R²) of at least 0.95 with three or more measurement intervals.
- Calculation Procedures: Details formulas for percentage tread loss and remaining tread, rate of wear, and projected treadlife based on test results, with consideration for both average and fastest-wearing grooves or locations.
- Limitations: Specifies that the practice is only applicable to tires exhibiting essentially linear and regular treadwear patterns, and is not intended for non-linear or irregular treadwear prediction.
Applications
ASTM F1016-07(2020) is utilized primarily by tire manufacturers, testing laboratories, and regulatory bodies to:
- Assess Tire Durability: Consistently measure and compare the rate of treadwear across different tire designs, formulations, or brands.
- Quality Control and R&D: Provide a standardized analytical framework to evaluate treadwear data during product development and quality assurance processes.
- Benchmarking and Performance Claims: Generate objective, repeatable treadwear data to support marketing claims and regulatory submissions.
- Industry Comparisons: Ensure that treadwear data is comparable across manufacturers and testing facilities by adhering to common data analysis and reporting standards.
- Statistical Evaluation: Employ widely available statistical tools for calculating regression analyses, thereby streamlining the integration of treadwear assessment into laboratory workflows.
Related Standards
Organizations adopting ASTM F1016-07(2020) also often use these related ASTM standards:
- ASTM F421: Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth in Passenger Car Tires - describes the procedures for groove depth measurements.
- ASTM F762: Test Method for Determining Change in Groove (or Void) Depth With Distance Traveled for Passenger Car Tires - provides test procedures for measuring groove depth loss during tire testing.
- ASTM F538: Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Performance of Tires - standardizes vocabulary used in the analysis and reporting of tire data.
By applying ASTM F1016-07(2020) in conjunction with these standards, stakeholders achieve greater consistency in linear tire treadwear data analysis, supporting enhanced safety, improved product development, and clear industry communication.
Keywords: linear tire treadwear, ASTM F1016, tread depth analysis, groove depth loss, treadwear performance, tire testing, linear regression, projected treadlife, rate of wear, tire industry standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM F1016-07(2020) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Practice for Linear Tire Treadwear Data Analysis". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The purpose of this practice is to standardize the meaning and derivation of some terms and indexes that are commonly used to characterize treadwear. 5.1.1 There is no intent to recommend either of the two treadwear performance indexes: distance per unit loss of tread depth or loss of tread depth per distance unit. SCOPE 1.1 This practice describes the elementary linear regression analysis of basic treadwear data as obtained according to Test Method F421 and Test Method F762. 1.2 The basic treadwear data are obtained as groove depth loss measurements by procedures described in Test Method F421 after a series of test cycles (test distances under specified conditions) according to Test Method F762. 1.3 A linear regression analysis is performed for the relationship between average tire tread depth and the test distance traveled by the test vehicle, on which the test tires are mounted. From this analysis a rate of wear is determined: groove depth loss per unit distance. 1.4 Linear treadwear is defined as an essentially constant rate of wear, after break-in, which results in a linear regression coefficient of determination, R2, equal to or greater than 0.95 when obtained for a data set where the number of measurement intervals, n, is at least 3. Each measurement interval represents a specific test distance. 1.5 This practice is not applicable to the prediction of treadlife for tires that exhibit non-linear or irregular treadwear. 1.6 Evaluation parameters are given for both SI and inch-pound units; either may be used. The evaluation parameters as defined are ones typically used in the tire testing industry and no special claim is made for superiority of these parameters and terms over other terms and parameters that may be developed. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 5.1 The purpose of this practice is to standardize the meaning and derivation of some terms and indexes that are commonly used to characterize treadwear. 5.1.1 There is no intent to recommend either of the two treadwear performance indexes: distance per unit loss of tread depth or loss of tread depth per distance unit. SCOPE 1.1 This practice describes the elementary linear regression analysis of basic treadwear data as obtained according to Test Method F421 and Test Method F762. 1.2 The basic treadwear data are obtained as groove depth loss measurements by procedures described in Test Method F421 after a series of test cycles (test distances under specified conditions) according to Test Method F762. 1.3 A linear regression analysis is performed for the relationship between average tire tread depth and the test distance traveled by the test vehicle, on which the test tires are mounted. From this analysis a rate of wear is determined: groove depth loss per unit distance. 1.4 Linear treadwear is defined as an essentially constant rate of wear, after break-in, which results in a linear regression coefficient of determination, R2, equal to or greater than 0.95 when obtained for a data set where the number of measurement intervals, n, is at least 3. Each measurement interval represents a specific test distance. 1.5 This practice is not applicable to the prediction of treadlife for tires that exhibit non-linear or irregular treadwear. 1.6 Evaluation parameters are given for both SI and inch-pound units; either may be used. The evaluation parameters as defined are ones typically used in the tire testing industry and no special claim is made for superiority of these parameters and terms over other terms and parameters that may be developed. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM F1016-07(2020) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.160.10 - Road vehicle tyres. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM F1016-07(2020) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM F1016-07(2013)e1, ASTM F421-07(2013)e1, ASTM F538-09, ASTM F421-07, ASTM F538-03, ASTM F762-94(2000)e1, ASTM F421-00, ASTM F538-99, ASTM F762/F762M-08(2020)e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM F1016-07(2020) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F1016 − 07 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Linear Tire Treadwear Data Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This practice describes the elementary linear regression
F421 Test Method for Measuring Groove and Void Depth in
analysis of basic treadwear data as obtained according to Test
Passenger Car Tires
Method F421 and Test Method F762.
F538 Terminology Relating to the Characteristics and Per-
1.2 The basic treadwear data are obtained as groove depth
formance of Tires
loss measurements by procedures described in Test Method
F762 Test Method for Determining Change in Groove (or
F421 after a series of test cycles (test distances under specified
Void) Depth With Distance Traveled for Passenger Car
conditions) according to Test Method F762.
Tires
1.3 A linear regression analysis is performed for the rela-
3. Terminology
tionship between average tire tread depth and the test distance
3.1 Definitions:
traveledbythetestvehicle,onwhichthetesttiresaremounted.
3.1.1 average tire tread depth, [L],n—the average of all tire
From this analysis a rate of wear is determined: groove depth
groove (void) depth measurements. F538
loss per unit distance.
3.1.2 break-in, [L],n—one or more periods of initial stan-
1.4 Linear treadwear is defined as an essentially constant
dardized tire operation during which tire is brought to the state
rate of wear, after break-in, which results in a linear regression
which will lead to more consistent test results. F538
coefficient of determination, R , equal to or greater than 0.95
3.1.3 fastest wearing groove, [L],n—the circumferential
whenobtainedforadatasetwherethenumberofmeasurement
groove with the minimum life expectancy. F538
intervals, n, is at least 3. Each measurement interval represents
3.1.4 fastest wearing location, [L],n—that location which
a specific test distance.
exhibits the highest percent tread (depth) loss as calculated in
1.5 This practice is not applicable to the prediction of
6.1.1. F538
treadlife for tires that exhibit non-linear or irregular treadwear.
3.1.5 groove, average depth, [L],n—the average of all tire
1.6 Evaluation parameters are given for both SI and inch- groove depth measurements in a single groove. F538
pound units; either may be used. The evaluation parameters as
3.1.6 projected treadlife, [L],n—the test distance that gives
defined are ones typically used in the tire testing industry and
h as the average tread depth; where h is the height of treadwear
no special claim is made for superiority of these parameters
indicator above groove (or void) base. F538
and terms over other terms and parameters that may be
3.1.7 test distance, [L],n—distance traveled by a vehicle
developed.
after tire break-in. F538
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Practice
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This practice provides a calculation procedure for linear
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
regression analysis of treadwear data to be used in the tire
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
industry for assessing tire treadwear performance.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.2 No specific mathematical formulas are given for the
customary least-squares calculations used for linear regression
parameter evaluation since these calculation algorithms are
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee F09 on Tires and is
the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F09.30 on Laboratory (Non-Vehicular)
Testing. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ε1
approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as F1016 – 07 (2013) . Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
DOI: 10.1520/F1016-07R20. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1016 − 07 (2020)
readily available with electronic hand calculators or statistical 1
IRW~1000 km/mm! 5 (5)
software for personal computers, or both.Terms are defined for RW~ mm/1000 km!
slope, intercept, and coefficient of determination.
IRW 1000 mi/mil 5 (6)
~ !
RW mils/1000 mi
~ !
5. Significance and Use
where RW = absolute loss in tread depth per unit test
5.1 The purpose of this practice is to standardize the
distance after break-in.
meaning and derivation of some terms and indexes that are
6.1.5 The wear performance index, a calculated value that
commonly used to characterize treadwear.
relates the wear performance of a candidate tire to that of a
5.1.1 There is no intent to recommend either of the two
control tire tested in the same test, may alternatively be
treadwear performance indexes: distance per unit loss of tread
calculatedonthebasisofeitherpercentlossortreaddepth((Eq
depth or loss of tread depth per distance unit.
7)) to giveTLI, a treadlife index, or on the basis of rate of wear
((Eq 8)) to give TWI, a treadwear index. The two are
6. Calculation
equivalent if the initial tread depth of the candidate tire is equal
6.1 Use the following calculations and terms to report
to that of the control tire.
treadwear:
% loss in control tire
6.1.1 The percentage tread (depth) loss (PTL) exp
...
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