ASTM G121-98(2015)e1
(Practice)Standard Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
Standard Practice for Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will be suitable to direct the preparation of test coupons with a known amount of contaminant on the surface. A standard test coupon is described and a list of contaminants that have typically been found in oxygen-enriched systems and components is provided.
5.2 These coupons shall be used in the evaluation of cleaning agents for oxygen-enriched systems and components. This will permit direct comparison within and between test facilities.
5.3 Materials used in other fluid handling systems such as nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, gasoline, etc. may also be prepared for evaluation by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for the preparation of single- and double-sided contaminated metallic test coupons for the evaluation of cleaning agents. It is applicable for the evaluation of cleaning agents proposed for the cleaning of oxygen-enriched systems and components. It also is applicable to other systems where contamination is a concern.
1.2 Several classes of contaminants most likely to be found in oxygen-enriched systems and components are identified. However, if the user of this practice has identified contaminants not included in these classes, such identified contaminants may be substituted for the preparation of the test coupons.
1.3 Preparation of nonmetallic substrates is not addressed, although similar methodology may be used. Solvent and cleaning agent compatibility with the nonmetallic substrate should be verified prior to the preparation of the test coupons. Typical nonmetallic materials utilized in oxygen systems are contained in Guide G63.
1.4 This practice may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whomever uses this practice to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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´1
Designation: G121 − 98 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the
Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in October 2015.
1. Scope volatile Residue (NVR) in Environmentally Controlled
Areas for Spacecraft
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for the preparation
F303 Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace
of single- and double-sided contaminated metallic test coupons
Fluids and Components
for the evaluation of cleaning agents. It is applicable for the
F312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting
evaluation of cleaning agents proposed for the cleaning of
Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
oxygen-enriched systems and components. It also is applicable
F324 Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Volatile
to other systems where contamination is a concern.
Cleaning Solvents Using the Solvent Purity Meter (With-
1.2 Several classes of contaminants most likely to be found 3
drawn 1987)
in oxygen-enriched systems and components are identified.
F331 Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Ex-
However, if the user of this practice has identified contami-
tract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evapora-
nants not included in these classes, such identified contami-
tor)
nants may be substituted for the preparation of the test
G63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxy-
coupons.
gen Service
1.3 Preparation of nonmetallic substrates is not addressed, G94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
although similar methodology may be used. Solvent and
2.2 ANSI:
cleaning agent compatibility with the nonmetallic substrate
B 46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and
should be verified prior to the preparation of the test coupons.
Lay)
Typical nonmetallic materials utilized in oxygen systems are
contained in Guide G63.
3. Terminology
1.4 This practice may involve hazardous materials,
3.1 Definitions:
operations, and equipment. This practice does not purport to
3.1.1 contaminant, n—unwanted molecular and particulate
address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is
matter that could affect or degrade the performance of the
the responsibility of whomever uses this practice to consult and
components upon which they reside.
establish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-
3.1.2 contamination, n—a process of contaminating.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.3 surface roughness, R,n—the arithmetic average de-
a
viation of the surface profile from the centerline, normally
2. Referenced Documents
reported in micrometres.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4 nonvolatile residue (NVR), n—residual molecular and
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
particulate matter remaining following the filtration of a
E1235 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non-
solventcontainingcontaminantsandevaporation ofthesolvent
at a specified temperature.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compat-
3.1.5 particle (particulate contaminant), n—a piece of mat-
ibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the
terinasolidstatewithobservablelength,width,andthickness.
direct responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published October 2015. Originally 3.1.5.1 Discussion—The size of a particle is usually defined
ɛ1
approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G121 – 98 (2010) .
by its great dimension and is specified in micrometres.
DOI: 10.1520/G0121-98R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
G121 − 98 (2015)
3.1.6 molecular contaminant (nonparticulate
contamination), n—the molecular contaminant may be in a
gaseous, liquid, or solid state.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—It may be uniformly or nonuniformly
distributed, or be in the form of droplets. Molecular contami-
nants account for most of the NVR.
3.1.7 blank, n—the contamination level of the fluid when
the test coupon is omitted.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—Sometimesreferredtoas“background”
level.
3.1.8 control coupon (witness coupon), n—a coupon made
from the same material as the test coupons, but in this test
method is not coated with the contaminant.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A solution of the contaminant is applied to either one
side or both sides of the precleaned test coupons and dried
under standard conditions. The amount of contaminant on the
test coupons is determined. Nonmetallic material test coupons
used as inserts, seats, seals, etc. may also be prepared by this
procedure and are evaluated in the as-used condition.
4.2 Three methods of coupon preparation are used:
Method A, NVR sample, single side
Method B, NVR sample, double side
FIG. 1 Standard Test Coupon
Method C, NVR and particulate sample
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice will be suitable to direct the preparation of
6.5 Other standard equipment such as a vacuum filtration
test coupons with a known amount of contaminant on the
system, solvent resistant filters, gloves, laboratory glassware,
surface. A standard test coupon is described and a list of
syringes, pipettes, desiccator, laboratory tongs, tweezers, and
contaminants that have typically been found in oxygen-
wire.
enriched systems and components is provided.
5.2 These coupons shall be used in the evaluation of
7. Reagents
cleaning agents for oxygen-enriched systems and components.
7.1 Contaminant materials-general classes of materials that
This will permit direct comparison within and between test
have typically been found in oxygen-enriched systems and
facilities.
components as a result of the manufacturing, assembly,
5.3 Materials used in other fluid handling systems such as
fabrication, and construction processes include:
nitrogen,helium,hydrogen,gasoline,etc.mayalsobeprepared
silicone oils and greases,
for evaluation by this practice.
fluorinated aerospace fluids and greases,
petroleum based oils and greases,
6. Apparatus
ester based oils and greases,
6.1 Test Coupon—Metal panels of the same material as the
phosphate esters,
component part to be cleaned. Other alloys that may be used if
waxes,
the specific alloy is unknown are included in Guide G94. The
chlorotrifluoroethylene based oils and greases,
coupon configuration is shown in Fig. 1.
inks,
cutting oils, and
NOTE1—Thesurfacefinishofthetestcouponshouldbethesameasthe
dye penetrants.
part to be cleaned.
6.2 Balance-Range to a minimum of 50 g with an 0.1-mg
7.2 Solvent-reagent-grade used to prepare standard solu-
accuracy capable of weighing to 60.1 mg.
tions of contaminants which may include the following:
2-propanol, 2-butanone, hexane, Type II reagent water, or
6.3 Oven-Convection, capable of maintaining 50°C 6 5°C.
better, in accordance with Specification D1193, and perfluori-
6.4 Spray Applicator—Capable of applying an even coat of
nated carbon fluids. (Warning—Solvents such as 2-propanol
contaminant; that is, an artist’s airbrush, perfume atomizer, or
hexane and 2-butanone are highly flammable. The reader
a spray device such as that used with window or tile cleaners
should refer to appropriate safe handling procedures.)
has been found to apply an even coating of the contaminant in
a controlled manner. 7.3 Desiccant—for example, silica gel.
´1
G121 − 98 (2015)
7.4 Particulate contaminant—fine (0- to 80-µm), or coarse of the test coupon and the surface area (S) in square centime-
(0- to 200-µm) dusts available commercially. ters of each coupon that was coated.
8.2.3 Allow the contaminant to dry overnight or in an oven
8. Procedure
at 40 to 50°C for 1 h, cool to room temperature in a desiccator,
remove from the desiccator, and weigh. Reweigh the test
8.1 Coupon Preparation:
coupon at intervals while storing the coupons in a desiccator
8.1.1 The test coupons shall be numbered and precleaned
between weighings, 4 h typically, until a constant weight is
prior to use; record the number. Determine the surface
achieved. Record the final weight (W ) in grams to the nearest
roughness, R , of representative coupons of each alloy being 2
a
0.1 mg. It may be necessary to make additional applications to
evaluated per ANSI B 46.1 and record. Determine the surface
achieve the desired con
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1 ´1
Designation: G121 − 98 (Reapproved 2010) G121 − 98 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Contaminated Test Coupons for the
Evaluation of Cleaning Agents
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G121; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Warning notes were editorially moved into text in May 2010.Editorial changes were made throughout in Octo-
ber 2015.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for the preparation of single- and double-sided contaminated metallic test coupons for
the evaluation of cleaning agents. It is applicable for the evaluation of cleaning agents proposed for the cleaning of
oxygen-enriched systems and components. It also is applicable to other systems where contamination is a concern.
1.2 Several classes of contaminants most likely to be found in oxygen-enriched systems and components are identified.
However, if the user of this practice has identified contaminants not included in these classes, such identified contaminants may
be substituted for the preparation of the test coupons.
1.3 Preparation of nonmetallic substrates is not addressed, although similar methodology may be used. Solvent and cleaning
agent compatibility with the nonmetallic substrate should be verified prior to the preparation of the test coupons. Typical
nonmetallic materials utilized in oxygen systems are contained in Guide G63.
1.4 This practice may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This practice does not purport to address all
of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whomever uses this practice to consult and establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
E1235 Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Nonvolatile Residue (NVR) in Environmentally Controlled Areas for
Spacecraft
F303 Practices for Sampling for Particles in Aerospace Fluids and Components
F312 Test Methods for Microscopical Sizing and Counting Particles from Aerospace Fluids on Membrane Filters
F324 Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Volatile Cleaning Solvents Using the Solvent Purity Meter (Withdrawn 1987)
F331 Test Method for Nonvolatile Residue of Solvent Extract from Aerospace Components (Using Flash Evaporator)
G63 Guide for Evaluating Nonmetallic Materials for Oxygen Service
G94 Guide for Evaluating Metals for Oxygen Service
2.2 ANSI:
B 46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness, and Lay)
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 contaminant, n—unwanted molecular and particulate matter that could affect or degrade the performance of the
components upon which they reside.
3.1.2 contamination, n—a process of contaminating.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G04 on Compatibility and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen Enriched Atmospheres and is the direct
responsibility of Subcommittee G04.02 on Recommended Practices.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published May 2010October 2015. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20042010 as G121 – 98
ɛ1
(2004).(2010) . DOI: 10.1520/G0121-98R10.10.1520/G0121-98R15E01.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
G121 − 98 (2015)
3.1.3 surface roughness, R , n—the arithmetic average deviation of the surface profile from the centerline, normally reported
a
in micrometres.
3.1.4 nonvolatile residue (NVR), n—residual molecular and particulate matter remaining following the filtration of a solvent
containing contaminants and evaporation of the solvent at a specified temperature.
3.1.5 particle (particulate contaminant), n—a piece of matter in a solid state with observable length, width, and thickness.
3.1.5.1 Discussion—
The size of a particle is usually defined by its great dimension and is specified in micrometres.
3.1.6 molecular contaminant (nonparticulate contamination), n—the molecular contaminant may be in a gaseous, liquid, or
solid state.
3.1.6.1 Discussion—
It may be uniformly or nonuniformly distributed, or be in the form of droplets. Molecular contaminants account for most of the
NVR.
3.1.7 blank, n—the contamination level of the fluid when the test coupon is omitted.
3.1.7.1 Discussion—
Sometimes referred to as “background” level.
3.1.8 control coupon (witness coupon), n—a coupon made from the same material as the test coupons, but in this test method
is not coated with the contaminant.
4. Summary of Practice
4.1 A solution of the contaminant is applied to either one side or both sides of the precleaned test coupons and dried under
standard conditions. The amount of contaminant on the test coupons is determined. Nonmetallic material test coupons used as
inserts, seats, seals, etc. may also be prepared by this procedure and are evaluated in the as-used condition.
4.2 Three methods of coupon preparation are provided:used:
Method A, NVR sample, single side
Method B, NVR sample, double side
Method C, NVR and particulate sample
5. Significance and Use
5.1 This practice will be suitable to direct the preparation of test coupons with a known amount of contaminant on the surface.
A standard test coupon is described and a list of contaminants that have typically been found in oxygen-enriched systems and
components is provided.
5.2 These coupons shall be used in the evaluation of cleaning agents for oxygen-enriched systems and components. This will
permit direct comparison within and between test facilities.
5.3 Materials used in other fluid handling systems such as nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, gasoline, etc. may also be prepared for
evaluation by this practice.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Test Coupon—Metal panels of the same material as the component part to be cleaned. Other alloys that may be used if the
specific alloy is unknown are included in Guide G94. The coupon configuration is shown in Fig. 1.
NOTE 1—The surface finish of the test coupon should be the same as the part to be cleaned.
6.2 Balance-Range to a minimum of 50 g with an 0.1-mg accuracy capable of weighing to 60.1 mg.
6.3 Oven-Convection, capable of maintaining 50°C 6 5°C.
6.4 Spray Applicator—Capable to applyof applying an even coat of contaminant; that is, an artist’s airbrush, perfume atomizer,
or a spray device such as that used with window or tile cleaners has been found to apply an even coating of the contaminant in
a controlled manner.
6.5 Other standard equipment such as a vacuum filtration system, solvent resistant filters, gloves, laboratory glassware, syringes,
pipettes, desiccator, laboratory tongs, tweezers, and wire.
´1
G121 − 98 (2015)
FIG. 1 Standard Test Coupon
7. Reagents
7.1 Contaminant materials-general classes of materials that have typically been found in oxygen-enriched systems and
components as a result of the manufacturing, assembly, fabrication, and construction processes include:
silicone oils and greases,
fluorinated aerospace fluids and greases,
petroleum based oils and greases,
ester based oils and greases,
phosphate esters,
waxes,
chlorotrifluoroethylene based oils and greases,
inks,
cutting oils, and
dye penetrants.
7.2 Solvent-reagent grade Solvent-reagent-grade used to prepare standard solutions of contaminants which may include the
following: 2-propanol, 2-butanone, hexane, Type II reagent water, or better, in accordance with Specification D1193, and
perfluorinated carbon fluids. (Warning—Solvents such as 2-propanol hexane and 2-butanone are highly flammable. The reader
should refer to appropriate safe handling procedures.)
7.3 Desiccant—for example, silica gel.
7.4 Particulate contaminant—fine (0- to 80-μm), or coarse (0- to 200-μm) dusts available commercially.
8. Procedure
8.1 Coupon Preparation:
8.1.1 The test coupons shall be numbered and precleaned prior to use; record the number. Determine the surface roughness, R ,
a
of representative coupons of each alloy being evaluated per ANSI B 46.1 and record. Determine the surface area to be
contaminated (S) of each of the test coupons and record. Attach a handling wire through the hole at the top of each of the test
coupons. The precleanprecleaning procedure shall be performed in an ultrasonic cleaner with the coupons immersed in type II
reagent water for 10 min. Process a control coupon with the coupons to be contaminated for each cleaning agent to be evaluated.
Th
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