ASTM E3211-22

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E3211 −22
Standard Practice for
Selection, Integration, and Verification of Active Vehicle
Barrier Safety Devices
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E3211; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope vehiclesthatarestopped.Thepresenceof“casual”pedestrians
shall be kept away from the movable elements of the AVBS.
1.1 This practice is intended to provide methods for
selecting, integrating, and verification of active vehicle barrier
1.6 This practice is not intended to address any of the
safety devices so that vehicle barrier systems are reliably and
following:
safely controlled when in operation.
1.6.1 Overall performance of vehicle barrier systems or
effectivenessasabarrieragainstanyvehicles(seeTestMethod
1.2 There are a number of risks associated with the opera-
F2656/F2656M).
tion and use of active vehicle barrier systems (AVBS). One of
therisksisthatofundesiredcollisionbetweenanactivevehicle
1.6.2 Impact energy able to be withstood by vehicle barrier
barrier (AVB) and an authorized vehicle. Such risks can be
systems.
minimized through proper design, construction, installation,
1.6.3 Serviceability of barrier systems.
operation, and training in the use of such systems.
1.6.4 Selection of vehicle barrier systems for any particular
1.3 The proper selection, installation, and use of safety use.
devicesthatwillpreventanAVBSfromactivatingordeploying
1.6.5 Pedestrian Detection Safety Devices—This practice
while an authorized vehicle is transiting the barrier, or when
considers that pedestrians are excluded from hazard zones in
such an authorized vehicle is stopped while a portion of the
the vicinity of vehicle barrier systems; and that only trained
vehicle is located in the path of or in an unsafe proximity to a
and authorized people, such as maintenance staff and security
barrier, can minimize the likelihood of unintended collision
officers performing necessary functions, will be present in the
between a barrier and authorized vehicle.
hazard areas when the active barriers are in operation.
1.4 Forthispractice,safetyreferstotheabilityofthebarrier 1.6.6 Design and installation of vehicle barrier systems,
to operate without causing unintended damage to vehicles or
other than performance of associated vehicle detection safety
injury to people via operation or deployment of the barrier, devices, and the verification that safety devices are able to be
when an authorized vehicle is transiting the barrier. Security
overriddenunderdesignatedemergencyconditions,asrequired
refers to the ability to operate or deploy the barrier to serve its by owners.
intended purpose of stopping an unauthorized vehicle from
1.6.7 Operating procedures or instructions for operational
passing through the barrier location.
useofactivevehiclebarriersystemsoncetheyareinstalledand
placed into service. Although such operating procedures are
1.5 Pedestriansareexcludedfromthescopeofthispractice.
essential for the safe operation of AVBS in practice, develop-
Itisassumed,forthepurposesofthispractice,thatpedestrians
ment and implementation of such procedures is beyond the
are excluded from potentially hazardous locations in the
scope of this practice.
immediate vicinity of AVBS moving components. It is recog-
nized that authorized pedestrians may be present in the area of
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
themovableAVBSforrequiredpurposes,suchasinspectionof
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E54 on Homeland mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Security Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E54.05 on
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
Physical and Electronic Security.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. DOI: 10.1520/
E3211-22. ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E3211−22
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- 3.1.3 agency, n—specifier, responsible party, or owner.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 basis of design, BOD, n—documentation of the pri-
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mary decision-making process and assumptions behind design
decisions made by the responsible designer to meet the
2. Referenced Documents
Owner’s Project Requirements.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3.1.4.1 Discussion—Consult ASHRAE Guideline 0 for ad-
F2200Specification for Automated Vehicular Gate Con-
ditionalinformationregardingbasisofdesignandcommission-
struction
ing.
F2656/F2656MTest Method for Crash Testing of Vehicle
3.1.5 bollard, n—vertical post or series of posts used to
Security Barriers
3 channel or restrict vehicular traffic.
2.2 ANSI/UL Standard:
3.1.5.1 Discussion—Bollards used for vehicle control are
ANSI/UL 325Standard for Safety – Door, Drapery, Gate,
usually steel, concrete, or a combination of multiple materials.
Louver, and Window Operators and Systems
4 Bollards may be fixed-in-place, removable, or actively con-
2.3 ASHRAE Standard:
trolled operable/retractable. This practice is concerned primar-
Guideline 0“The Commissioning Process.”
5 ily with those that are actively controlled to allow or restrict
2.4 IMSA Standards:
passage of vehicles through a portal or access point.
Specification 50-2 Polyethylene insulated, polyethylene
jacketed, loop detector lead-in cable 3.1.6 condition designation, n—relates vehicle type and
Specification 51-1Polyvinyl chloride insulated, nylon jack-
vehicle velocity to the kinetic energy for which testing is
eted loop detector wire conducted.
Specification 51-3Cross linked polyethylene insulated loop
3.1.7 confidence interval, n—range of values that may
detector wire
include the true value of a parameter of interest, such as the
Specification 51-5 Polyvinyl chloride insulated, nylon
probabilitythatabarrierwillpreventaccesstoanunauthorized
jacketed, loosely encased in a polyvinyl chloride or a
vehicle.
polyethylene tube loop detector wire
3.1.8 confidence level, n—probability value associated with
Specification 51-7 Cross linked polyethylene insulated
a confidence interval; the percentage of times that the confi-
loosely encased in a polyvinyl chloride or a polyethylene
dence interval can be expected to include the true population
tube loop detector wire
parameter in the long run.
2.5 NFPA Standard:
NFPA 70National Electric Code (NEC)
3.1.9 continuous barrier, n—anyperimeterbarrierthatrelies
on a continuous foundation or a continuous structural element
3. Terminology
to resist penetration by vehicles.
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.10 hazard zone, n—area in and around the moving
3.1.1 active vehicle barrier, AVB, n—mechanized and con-
components of an active vehicle barrier (AVB) assembly and
trolled barrier that is capable of stopping a moving vehicle,
associatedmovingelementssysteminwhichsignificantpoten-
automatically or manually operated to place or remove an
tial for impact or collision exists.
obstruction in the path of a vehicle to prevent such vehicle
3.1.10.1 Discussion—Extent or boundaries of hazard zones
from passing through the barrier when the lane is closed.
may be different under different circumstances or operating
3.1.2 active vehicle barrier system, AVBS, n—mechanized
conditions. For example, if an active vehicle barrier system
system, complete with all associated controls and devices that
(AVBS) and associated moving control components, such as
maybeinstalledinthefactoryorinthefieldtoeffectoperation
control arms or gates, are used only in an area in which
of an active vehicle barrier in its installed configuration, to
vehiclesarestopped,checked,orverifiedandthenpermittedto
either permit or deny access by automobiles, trucks, or similar
pass through the barrier system at low speed after the access
transportation equipment; active vehicle barrier system in-
control point is opened, then the hazard zone may only extend
cludes an active vehicle barrier along with controls and other
a short distance beyond the actual moving components of the
devicesthatmaybenecessarytooperatethebarrierinpractice.
system. If, however, the AVB is used in a different manner,
such that it is normally retracted (open) and closed to prevent
2 a vehicle that may be moving at a higher speed from passing
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM the control point upon detection of a threat condition, then the
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
hazard zone may be much larger—and dependent on the
the ASTM website.
approach distance and speed of the vehicle.
Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
3.1.11 interposing relay, n—electrical control device be-
Available from American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-
tween two systems that enables one system to connect to—or
Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE), 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA
30329, http://www.ashrae.org. control—a second electrical circuit while retaining direct
Available from the International Municipal Signal Association, 597 Haverty
electrical isolation between the two systems.
Court, Suite 100 - Rockledge, FL 32955.
3.1.11.1 Discussion—Typically used to control a high-
Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org. power device or circuit from a low-power control signal.
E3211−22
3.1.12 lower confidence bound, n—lowest value of a one- 3.1.21 test director, n—employee of the testing entity, com-
sided confidence interval; in the context of this practice, the missioning agent, third-party testing firm, contractor, or other
lower confidence bound indicates belief that the estimated entity responsible for all aspects of a test.
probability of success is at least as good as this value, at the
3.1.22 tester, n—person actually performing or controlling
confidence level employed, given the test results.
tests in the field.
3.1.13 lower confidence limit, n—lowest value of a two-
3.1.23 test vehicle, n—designatedvehicleforspecificbarrier
sided confidence interval; in the context of this practice, the
operation testing.
lower confidence limit indicates belief that the estimated
3.1.24 upper confidence limit, n—highest value of a two-
probabilitythatthebarriersystemwilloperateasintendedisat
sided confidence interval; in the context of this practice, the
least as good as this value, at the confidence level employed,
upper confidence limit indicates belief that the estimated
given the test results.
probability that the barrier system operates as intended is no
better than this value, at the confidence level employed, given
3.1.14 override, n—type of control in which a system or
the test results.
person can supersede a function or operation.
3.1.14.1 Discussion—For example, an override switch that 3.2 Acronyms:
would enable an operator to cause a barrier to be deployed
3.2.1 AHJ—Authority Having Jurisdiction
regardlessoftheinhibitingstatusofanautomaticsafetydevice
3.2.2 ASHRAE—American Society of Heating, Refrigerat-
or a manual disable control that disables movement of anAVB
ing and Air Conditioning Engineers
could both be considered override controls.
3.2.3 AVB—Active Vehicle Barrier
3.1.15 override, v—control action taken by an operator or
3.2.4 AVBS—Active Vehicle Barrier System
another system to supersede a function or operation.
3.2.5 BOD—Basis of Design
3.1.16 owner’s project requirements, OPR, n—writtendocu-
3.2.6 CL—Confidence Level
mentation of the functional requirements of the facility or
3.2.7 EOR—Engineer of Record
system and the expectations of how it will be used and
operated.
3.2.8 GSA—General Services Administration
3.1.16.1 Discussion—Term is from ASHRAE Guideline 0.
3.2.9 IMSA—International Municipal Signal Association
The owner is not always the end user or operator of a system.
3.2.10 ISO—International Standards Organization
In many cases, the owner may be responsible for providing a
3.2.11 LCB—Lower Confidence Bound
facility or system to meet end-user or other agency’s require-
ments. For example, within the U.S. Government, one agency
3.2.12 OPR—Owner’s Project Requirements
(such as the General ServicesAdministration) may be consid-
3.2.13 OR—Operational Requirement
ered to be the owner, but another agency (tenant agency or
3.2.14 RA—Responsible Authority
other end-user organization) may have actually determined the
3.2.15 SOO—Sequence of Operations
functional requirements of the facility or system.
3.1.17 rated barrier, n—vehicle security barrier tested in
4. Significance and Use
accordance withTest Method F2656/F2656M by an accredited
4.1 Therehavebeeninstancesinthepastinwhichundesired
facility that achieves a given condition designation and pen-
collisions between authorized vehicles and AVBS have oc-
etration rating based on the distance traveled after impact.
curred. Properly selected, designed, and installed safety de-
3.1.18 responsible authority, RA, n—person responsible for
vicesthatareabletoinhibitdeploymentofactivebarrierswhen
some aspect of requirements for this practice.
authorized vehicles are in the hazard detection space, in direct
3.1.18.1 Discussion—Responsibleauthorityhasresponsibil-
proximity to the barrier, can minimize the likelihood that such
ity for some aspect of theAVB equipment or system that is the
accidents occur.
subject of this practice. Responsible authority may—or may
4.2 Unintended barrier/vehicle collisions can be very
not—be different than authority having jurisdiction (AHJ). For
hazardous, will frequently result in significant damage to
example, the engineer of record (EOR) may be the responsible
property, and can also result in personal injury or death,
authority for technical design of theAVBS, but the responsible
depending on conditions surrounding an incident.
authority for determining owner’s requirements forAVBS that
4.3 It is recognized that some vehicle types may not be
the equipment or system is designed to meet may be someone
reliably detected by an individual detection device and an
other than the EOR. Contracting officer is typically the
ownermaydesireplacingAVBSinserviceeventhoughnotall
responsible authority for contract matters.
vehicle types may be reliably detected. In such determination
3.1.19 sequence of operations, SOO, n—written narrative
of use, an owner shall carefully consider such system perfor-
describing control order and action of how a system responds
mance limitations and safety risks, appropriate alternative
to a set of stimulating conditions or commands.
controls that will minimize safety hazards, and what risks are
3.1.20 supplier, n—manufacturer, distributor, designer, or abletobeacceptedbeforeplacingequipmentintoservice.This
constructor of the barrier system that is to be tested; can practiceisintendedtoprovidetheowners,designers,installers,
include contractors, engineers, and architects. integrators, and equipment providers with information that
E3211−22
may be important to such decisions, but it is not intended to 6.2 Allelectricalconnectionsshallbemadeinaboveground
determine what risks/hazards are acceptable. electrical boxes, unless using connector types that are listed as
suitable for the environment in which they will be installed.
4.4 It is also recognized that there may be particular
Connections in underground locations must typically be spe-
conditions in which an owner may determine that it is not
cifically approved by the AHJ or the responsible engineer, or
acceptable to have safety devices installed in AVBS. For
both, to be made in underground electrical enclosures. NFPA
example, there may be conditions under which the security
70, National Electric Code (NEC) is frequently used as the
risksaredeterminedtobemoreimportanttoanownerthanthe
applicable code reference for electrical wiring, but other
possiblesafetyhazards.Insuchcircumstances,theownershall
requirementsmaybeindicatedaswell,inadditiontotheNEC.
accept the safety risks and possible consequences that are
6.3 All electrical connections shall be mechanically and
associated with such a determination that safety devices will
electrically sound.
not be used.
6.3.1 All electrical connections shall be made with
4.5 If an owner determines that safety devices are not to be
terminals/connectors that are designed and manufactured for
used, then it is possible that the owner may choose to
the application.
implement some alternate means to mitigate or reduce a
6.3.2 All electrical connections with potential of being
portion of the safety risks.
exposed to moisture shall be sealed to protect against moisture
infiltration using connection materials and methods that are
5. Design and Performance Requirements
rated as being suitable for use in wet locations, or approved by
5.1 Active vehicle barrier systems must be designed and the responsible engineer or AHJ.
6.3.3 All underground electrical connections shall be made
installed with appropriate controls and safety devices/sensors
tofunctionproperlyasasystem,inasafemanner.Thispractice usingsealedconnectionmaterialsandmethodsintendedforthe
application and located in electrical boxes that are adequately
addresses the integration of safety devices that are intended to
prevent unintended activation of the barrier in the presence of protected and drained to prevent accumulation of moisture
inside the enclosure.
authorized vehicles. Comprehensive selection, design, integra-
tion with controls, installation, and testing of AVBS is left to 6.3.4 All wiring and materials installed in underground
locations shall be rated for installation/use in such locations.
other standards.
6.4 Wiring and connections shall use proper grounding and
5.2 Unless specifically identified by the owner of the facili-
shieldingmaterialsandmethodsnecessarytopreventimproper
tiesorprocessesprotectedbythesystems,allAVBSshallhave
operations of vehicle barriers.
safety devices integrated into the design, implementation, and
operation of the systems to minimize or prevent unintended
7. Other Requirements
system activation when authorized vehicles are present in the
hazard zone during operational use.
7.1 Reserved.
5.2.1 If an owner determines that it is essential to install or
operateanAVBSwithoutsuchsafetydevices,thereason(s)for
8. Number of Tests and Retests
such system configuration shall be documented and acknowl-
8.1 All functions and equipment shall be tested.
edged by the owner, or by an authorized owner’s representa-
8.2 Testing should be performed to verify that the entire
tive. A written acknowledgement and acceptance statement
range of vehicle types expected to transit the barrier are
shall clearly state that potential hazards and risks of such
reliably able to transit the barrier safely.
configuration are understood and accepted by the owner.
8.3 Since it is impossible to perform an infinite number of
5.3 Safety devices shall prevent an AVB from deploying
tests before placing systems into operational use, a sufficient
when a vehicle is in a designated hazard zone in close
number of tests shall be performed with each test vehicle type
proximity to a moving portion of an operating barrier.
todeterminefutureperformancebasedonacceptedprobability/
5.4 Safetydevicesmaybeoverriddenincasesofimmediate
statistical methods.
emergencybymanuallyinitiatedcontrolaction,ifsuchcontrol
8.4 Responsibleauthoritydeterminestherequiredstatistical
is designed or specified, and required by the owner. This is
performance testing requirements. See Appendix X3 (non-
sometimes referred to as emergency fast operate, emergency
mandatory information) for additional guidance regarding
operate, emergency control operate, or similar mode of barrier
statistical information.
operation.
8.4.1 For the purposes of determining test requirements, the
5.5 Verificationfieldtestingofsafetydeviceperformanceof
responsible authority is the entity determined by the owner
AVBS, as installed, shall be repeatable with similar results.
who is assigned technical responsibility for establishing the
specific test procedures that will be used. The RA may be an
6. Installation Requirements
employee of the owner, the EOR, a commissioning agent, or
other entity determined by the owner.
6.1 Installation of active vehicle barriers and active vehicle
barrier control systems shall be in accordance with manufac- 8.5 Testsshallbestatisticallyindependent(thatis,theresult
turers’ written recommendations and all applicable codes and of a test or trial does not depend on that of a previous test or
standards. trial result), and subject to the variability that the system is
E3211−22
likely to encounter under normal operating conditions, so that using many types of safety detection devices. Modern high-
results obtained can be assumed to be representative of the performance motorcycles, for example, may contain such a
behavior of the system under actual operation, and the condi- small amount of metal that they are not able to be reliably
tionsrequiredfortheapplicationofthestatisticalmethodology detected by loop detectors. Similarly, large trucks may be high
are met. enough above the ground that they may only be detected by
loop detectors when axles and wheels are present over detec-
8.6 Tests shall be performed to ensure that performance of
tion loops, and vehicles with trailers may not be continuously
the system with each required test vehicle type has been
detected as they are transiting past some types of detection
adequately measured and that defensible conclusions can be
devices.
drawn.
8.6.1 Results shall be presented as the estimated probability
TEST METHODS
of the system operating correctly, that is, the probability of
preventing deployment when an authorized vehicle travels
10. Scope
through the system, at all times while passing through the
10.1 The tests performed shall verify the detection perfor-
barrier hazard location.
mance of installed AVBS safety devices that are intended to
8.6.2 To ensure at least a minimum level of performance,
prevent unintended deployment of AVBS barriers in the im-
the estimated probability that the barrier system will operate
mediate proximity of authorized vehicles. Tests shall also be
correctly is measured by a specified lower confidence bound
performed to verify performance of owner-required override
(LCB) at a certain confidence level (CL). See non-mandatory
controls that will cause the barriers to deploy even in the
Appendix X3 for additional information regarding LCB and
immediate presence of authorized vehicles during emergency
CL.
security conditions as directed by the owner.
8.6.3 Tests shall be performed including each required
vehicle class type. It is understood that separate testing is
10.2 An orderly and comprehensive test plan shall be
required to demonstrate performance in preventing access to
developed for testing of all components, subsystems, and
unauthorized vehicles and to demonstrate performance regard-
overall connected/integrated systems. Individual components
ing allowing access to authorized vehicles. The CL and LCB
and subsystems shall be tested before overall connected or
values from each of these separate tests, if both are performed,
integrated systems to ensure that the components and subsys-
apply individually to each test only, therefore results shall not
tems are operating properly. Once all individual components
beconstruedasmeaningthatthecombinedprobabilityisequal
andsubsystemsaredemonstratedtobeoperatingproperly,then
to that of the individual test.
the overall connected or integrated system shall be tested.
10.3 Tests shall include physical inspection as well as
9. Test Vehicles
functional performance verification.
9.1 It is intended that vehicles defined in Test Method
10.3.1 Inspectionitemsshouldbedocumentedonaninspec-
F2656/F2656M, where applicable, are used for testing in
tion checklist.
accordancewiththispractice.Wherevehiclesofdifferenttypes
10.4 All specific test procedures, tests, and test results shall
are identified by an owner as required to be tested (such as
be written in a clear and concise manner, such that test results
motorcycles, compact sedans, mid-size SUVs, large SUVs,
are repeatable.
full-size pickup trucks, large delivery vehicles, etc.) to verify
10.5 Alltestdocumentationandchecklistsusedshallclearly
performance of the various safety devices, the size and
identify name(s) and contact information of test participants.
characteristics of such vehicles shall be fully documented for
Test documentation shall be signed by the person responsible
the test procedures and reports.At least one vehicle from each
for the performance of the tests.
required target vehicle type shall be tested to determine
performance of safety devices for all required vehicle types.
10.6 Alltestsshallbeperformedinaccordancewiththetest
For example, if the owner’s requirements include motorcycles,
plan.
compact cars, mid-size cars, full-size cars, small SUVs, large
10.7 Additional test steps determined necessary or
SUVs, and small delivery trucks, then an acceptable vehicle
appropriate, along with test results, shall be handwritten and
example from each of the target vehicle types shall be tested,
added to the test plan. All such additions shall be signed and
at a minimum. For individual project installations, vehicles to
dated by the test director and tester(s).
beusedforperformancetestsmaybeproposedbythetesteror
contractor installing and testing barriers, but acceptability of
11. Safety Hazards During Testing
the vehicles proposed to be used shall be determined by the
owner or designated owner’s representative, or both.
11.1 Work may be required to be performed in control
equipment enclosures with hydraulic or electrical power
9.2 Owner’s required vehicle types shall be identified in the
equipment, wiring, or terminals. Exercise caution when work-
contract documents.
ing in proximity to exposed electrical equipment.Work should
9.3 Testvehiclesshallberepresentativeofthevehicletypes
never be performed in hazardous proximity to or on energized
that are expected to transit the barrier systems.
electrical equipment. Hydraulically operated barrier systems
9.4 Motorcycles, large trucks, and vehicles with trailers may contain hydraulic systems and equipment operating at
present particular difficulties for achieving reliable detection very high pressures.
E3211−22
11.2 Testing is required to be performed using vehicles 13.8 All equipment shall be de-energized, locked out, and
moving across or in close proximity to, or both, active vehicle tagged out while performing the following physical inspec-
barriers. Caution shall be exercised when moving vehicles
tions.
across vehicle barriers.
13.8.1 Perform physical inspection of each subsystem to
11.3 Movement of AVB and vehicle gate arms can cause ensure conformance to design documents and requirements of
injury to people standing or moving in the vicinity of the
this practice.
barriers. People in the vicinity of AVB, gate arms, moving
13.8.2 Verify that all required vehicle sensors that are used
vehicle gates, and operating vehicles shall maintain situational
as safety devices, such as vehicle loop detectors, loop wiring,
awareness to avoid contact with moving equipment and ve-
other types of vehicle detection devices, photoelectric beams,
hicles. Drivers of test vehicles shall be careful operating
or other devices intended to prevent undesired operation, have
vehiclesincloseproximitytopedestrians,movingbarriers,and
been installed and connected to the AVBS controls.
other obstacles.
13.8.3 Verifythatinstalledsafetydevicesaresuitableforthe
environment and surroundings in which they are installed.
12. Inspection
13.8.4 Verify that all wiring has been installed and is
12.1 Inspect the physical installation for use of appropriate
suitablefortheintendedapplicationandphysicalenvironment.
materials, proper connections, and any items that may prevent
13.8.5 Verify that all electrical power connections and
the safety devices from properly performing their intended
wiring are mechanically and electrically solid.
functions. Document all observations.
13.8.6 Verify that isolation devices, such as interposing
13. Test Procedure
relays or other devices, that have been approved by the
manufacturer,responsibleengineer,ordesignatedauthority,are
13.1 The tests shall be repeatable with consistent results.
installedandproperlyconnectedbetweentheautomatedaccess
13.2 Tests shall be performed with vehicles following typi-
control system and the control circuits of the AVBS.
callyexpecteddrivepathswithinthedrivinglanes.Wherecard
13.8.7 Verify that vehicle safety devices, as installed, are
readers or PIN pads are used, it is expected that vehicles will
collectively able to reliably detect the presence of all target
normally drive close to such devices. It is recommended that
vehicles located in the hazard zone (in direct proximity of the
multiple vehicle paths within driving lanes be tested for each
active barrier). Detection coverage shall be complete in the
vehicle type, so that the sensor performance can be fully
direct movement area of the barrier. No portion of the vehicle
understood. Where tests include motorcycles, sufficient testing
may be located in the direct path of an active barrier while the
should be performed to establish detection performance of the
vehicle is not detected by the safety devices.
sensors at multiple locations in the driving lane. No other bias
is considered for this practice.
13.9 Tests shall be performed for all vehicle types in the
13.3 Performance tests are conducted with the barrier sys-
intendeddirection(s)ofmovementregardlessoftheorientation
tem in fully operational condition, except that safety device
of the barrier system. See Fig. 1 (single-direction movement)
sensitivity tests should be performed with the actively moving
and Fig. 2 (bi-directional movement through the barrier sys-
barrier elements of the barrier system de-energized, so that the
tem) for schematic example illustration.
actively moving barrier elements will not operate during the
13.9.1 If intended vehicle movement across a barrier is in a
performance of safety device detection sensitivity tests and the
single direction, then performance tests shall be performed in
tests can be performed safely. The overall barrier system is
the intended direction of movement, but it does not need to be
required to remain powered during the device sensitivity tests.
performed in the opposite direction.
13.4 Determine the required confidence level and lower
13.9.2 If intended vehicle movement across a barrier is
confidence bound that shall be achieved by the system (this
bi-directional,thentheperformancetestsshallbeperformedin
should have been determined before design and installation).
both directions.
Statistical information regarding the number of test trials can
be found in Appendix X3.
13.10 Verify that the installed safety devices do not falsely
detect the presence of a vehicle when none are present in the
13.5 Review all pertinent design documents.
defined hazard zone of the active barrier during normal system
13.6 Determine target vehicle(s) to be used for the test.
operation.Theresultisnotacceptableifsafetydevicesprovide
Target vehicle(s) selected shall include an entire range of
unintended detection that prevents the barrier from operating
vehicle types and sizes that are normally intended to pass
correctly.
through the barrier system, as indicated in the owner’s project
requirements, basis of design, design/contract documents, or 13.11 Perform Safety Detection Device Sensitivity Tests:
operational requirements, or combinations thereof. Normally,
13.11.1 No changes in device settings are permitted to be
identification of such vehicle types and sizes is expected to be
made during the detection sensitivity performance tests. If
indicated and documented in an owner’s project requirements
observed performance requires device settings to be changed,
document or a BOD document.
thentheentireseriesofdevicedetectionsensitivitytestsforall
13.7 Document all inspection criteria on the checklist. test vehicles shall be started over from the beginning.
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FIG. 1Single Direction of Movement
FIG. 2Bi-Directional Movement
13.11.2 Temporarily disable barriers under test along with
13.11.6 Repeat the previous safety device sensitivity detec-
any associated moving traffic control devices, such as gate
tion tests for each of the other test vehicles and document the
arms, in the fully retracted position (lane is open to unob-
results.
structed vehicle passage), so that they will not deploy during
13.11.7 If presence is detected by all safety devices, but
this portion of the test. All other components of the system
overall detection is not continuously detected by at least one
shall be operational.
safety device through the barrier hazard zone, then document
13.11.3 Using Test Vehicle 1, approach the first safety
the gaps in coverage in the test report.
detection device slowly and document where the vehicle was
detected. It is useful to select a fixed point, such as the closest 13.12 Perform Safety Detection Device Functional Tests:
edge of the movable portion of the barrier, and measure the 13.12.1 Safety detection device functional tests are used to
distance from the vehicle to the fixed point. Other fixed points verify that the provided safety detection devices prevent the
may be used, but they should be referenced to the closest edge barriersfromdeployingwhenoneormoreofthesafetydevices
of the movable portion of the barrier. Once the vehicle is detects presence in the immediate vicinity of the moving
detected, continue forward movement of the test vehicle and portionofthebarrier(s)ormovingportionsofassociatedtraffic
document the locations where each device detects and subse- control devices. During the performance of this test, all
quently loses detection of the test vehicle. Ideally, the test elements of the AVBS shall be operating.
vehicle should be detected by at least one of the safety 13.12.2 Using a vehicle simulation device to cause vehicle
detection devices at all times while the vehicle is in a position detection by the various safety detection devices, verify that
to be impacted by the movable portion of the barrier and any vehicle barrier(s) and associated traffic control equipment do
associated moving traffic control devices, such as gates or gate not deploy while one or more of the detection devices are
arms. active, and document the results in the test report.
13.11.4 Repeat the test for the specified number of trials to 13.12.2.1 Vehicle simulation device in this step is only
achieve the required probability and confidence. intended to activate the various safety detection devices to
13.11.5 Create a detection map showing where the vehicle verify that, when the safety device detects a vehicle, the safety
was detected by each safety detection device relative to the device prevents activation of the barrier and associated mov-
barrier(s) and any moving traffic control devices in each lane able traffic control equipment. Thus, the characteristics of the
foreachtestvehicle.RefertoFig.3andresultsdataTable1for vehiclesimulationdevicearenotimportantaslongasitcauses
illustration of example layout and distances to be measured. detection of the safety device.
E3211−22
NOTE 1—This example shows a visual image that may typically be associated with loop detectors embedded in a roadway. The figure is intended for
illustration of the concept only, and it is not intended to imply the use of any particular sensor types.Also, where there may be gaps in coverage while
thevehicleisinthepathofmovingbarrierelements,additionalsensorsshouldbeprovidedtoensurethatthevehicleisdetectedwhileincloseproximity
to the moving elements of the barrier system.
FIG. 3Example Layout and Distances to be Measured
13.12.3 Repeat test for all required (specified) modes of cial operating variations that are used during peak traffic
operation (for example, normal automatic operation, any spe- periods, manual operation, emergency operation, etc.).
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TABLE 1 Example Results Data
14.1.2 Date(s) of tests;
Vehicle Type:
14.1.3 Name of installer (if installed by owner’s personnel)
A B C
Trial D1 Cover (Y/N) D2 Comments
or installing contractor, if installed under contract. If installed
by a subcontractor, then the name and signature of authorized
representativesofeachcontractor/subcontractorinthecontract
chain shall be included;
14.1.4 Date of completed installation;
14.1.5 Environmental conditions under which testing was
performed;
14.1.6 Listoftargetvehicleclassesrequiredbytheownerto
A be tested;
Distance from front of vehicle to nearest movable edge of barrier or gate arm (if
applicable) plane when vehicle is first detected by leading sensor.
14.1.7 List of specific vehicles used as test vehicles in the
B
Whether or not vehicle was continuously detected by one sensor or another
performance of the tests to satisfy the required target vehicle
during entire time vehicle is over the movable portion of barrier or in the path of a
classes;
gate arm.
C
Distance from rear of vehicle to movable portion of AVBS when vehicle is no
14.1.8 Copy of completed step-by-step test procedure with
longer detected by trailing sensor.
results; and
14.1.9 Copy of completed installation checklist, signed by
installer, at the time the testing is performed.
13.13 Perform emergency operate test (if applicable) to
verify that safety devices are overridden under designated,
14.2 Fullconformanceattestationmaybeprovidedinoneof
owner-required emergency conditions. Extreme caution shall
the following methods. Either:
be used during the performance of this test to avoid injury to
14.2.1 The installer attests, in writing, that the installed
peopleorequipmentdamage,orboth.Ensurethatnopeopleor
system has been installed and tested in accordance with the
vehicles that are not part of the test are present in hazard areas
contract requirements and this practice, and that the system
surrounding any moving barriers or associated traffic control
passed all tests, or as otherwise required under the pertinent
devices.
contract; or
13.13.1 Whenrequiredbytheowner,theemergencyoperate
14.2.2 Athird-party testing authority attests, in writing, that
functiontypicallybypasses(overrides)safetydetectiondevices
the installed system has been tested in accordance with the
that are designed and installed to prevent deployment ofAVB,
contractrequirementsandthispractice,andthatthesystemhas
causingthebarrierstodeployregardlessofwhetherpresenceis
passed all tests. Use of third-party testing authority or com-
detected by any safety devices.
missioning agent is optional, at the discretion of the owner.
13.13.2 For test safety, vehicle simulation devices may be
14.3 In the event that there are exceptional conditions in
used to conduct the emergency operate performance verifica-
which one or more of the tests failed, then attestation of the
tion tests.
results may be provided to the owner and the owner may
13.13.3 Place vehicle simulation devices to cause safety
choose to accept or reject affected systems for use.
detection devices to detect presence, verify detection signals,
and activate the emergency operate function for the barrier 14.3.1 In this case, documentation shall include, in addition
to the information previously indicated to be included in the
system under test.
13.13.4 Reset affected systems and repeat test for all emer- attestation, clearly written results identifying the following:
gency operate devices. 14.3.1.1 What tests were successfully executed, which ele-
ments of the testing passed, and which elements of the testing
13.14 Perform integrated operational verification test with
failed;
system in normal operating mode and all equipment energized
14.3.1.2 Conditions affecting the test results;
andoperational,toensurethatthesystemfunctionsproperlyas
14.3.1.3 Test vehicle types for which tests passed; and
an integrated system.
14.3.1.4 Test vehicle types for which tests failed.
13.15 Document all results in a final test report.
14. Attestation and Reporting of Test Results 15. Keywords
14.1 Attestation is intended to address the test process used 15.1 access control point (ACP); active vehicle barrier;
and the results of the tests performed.Attestation shall include active vehicle barrier system; anti-ram barrier; AVBS; crash-
the following, at minimum: rated barrier; drop arm barrier; electric barrier; entry control
14.1.1 Nameandsignatureoftestdirectororotherauthority point (ECP); final denial barrier; hydraulic barrier; pop-up
responsible for performance and integrity of the tests (known barrier; pop-up bollard; sliding gate barrier; vehicle detection
as the “attestation authority”); sensor
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APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. TYPICAL AVB SYSTEM OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES
X1.1 Lane Operation Types X1.2.3 Automated, with manual override control from local
or remote control panels.
X1.1.1 Lane Normally Closed—Requires authorized access
determination for each entry.
X1.2.4 Interfaces to Other Systems—AVBS may be inter-
X1.1.2 Lane Normally Open—System may or may not
faced to other systems for control, monitoring, etc. Examples
require authorization; lane closes when threat is detected.
of such interfaces may include the following:
When the lane is normally open, the barrier(s) operate to close
X1.2.5 Access Control System—Automated access control
the lane upon determination that a threat exists or a vehicle
systems may be interfaced to control operation of active
approaching the control point is not authorized to continue
vehicle barrier systems. For example, at an access control
beyond the access control point that is protected by the barrier.
point, personnel or vehicles may be required to present an
Operational philosophy of keeping a lane open until a threat is
authorized credential to a card reader to open barriers at the
determined is usually intended to reduce either wear on the
control point so that the vehicle may pass through the control
operating barrier equipment or potential traffic delay times of
point.
authorized traffic transiting the barrier.
X1.1.3 Combination—Some combination of normally
X1.2.6 Overspeed Detection Devices—Typically used to
closedandnormallyopen.Forexample,lanesmaybenormally
provide a warning that a vehicle is approaching an entry point
closed during non-peak access periods and normally open
at a higher than allowable speed. Overspeed detection devices
during peak access periods.
are not normally connected directly to theAVBS, but are often
used to alert a security officer that closes a normally open
X1.2 Control Modes of Operation
barrier.
X1.2.1 Completely automated, controlled by an access con-
trol system.
X1.2.7 Wrong-way Detection Devices—Typically used to
deploy barriers located in an exit lane that may be normally
X1.2.2 Completely manual, controlled from a local control
panel. In this method, a person causes the barrier to operate open, when a vehicle is detected attempting to enter through
the exit lane.
each time the barrier is deployed and retracted.
X2. TYPICAL SAFETY DEVICE INFORMATION
X2.1 Example Types of Sensors Used for Safety Devices manufacturers to select safety detection devices that are
effective and appropriate for particular system installation or
X2.1.1 Vehicle Loop Detectors:
a
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