ASTM D5066-91(2005)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D5066–91(Reapproved2005)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Transfer Efficiency Under Production
Conditions for Spray Application of Automotive Paints—
Weight Basis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5066; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Truck Topcoat Operations,
EPA Federal Reference Method 24—Determination of
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determination of
Volatile Matter Content, Water Content, Density, Volume
the transfer efficiency (using a weight method) under produc-
Solids, and Weight Solids, of Surface Coatings
tion conditions for in-plant spray application of automotive
paints as outlined in Section 18 of EPA 450/3-88-018.
3. Terminology
1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight of
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
the paint solids sprayed and that deposited on the painted part.
3.1.1 paint, n—the liquid material that is applied onto the
Therecommendedapproachinvolvespaintingthepartdirectly.
part to cover or coat the surfaces.
Also described is an alternative approach for painting parts
3.1.2 transfer effıciency, n—the ratio of the weight of paint
covered with aluminum foil.
solids deposited to the total weight of paint solids used during
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
the application process, expressed as a percent.
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
3.1.3 paint weight solids content, n—the weight of the
only.
nonvolatile materials in the liquid paint material divided by the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
totalweightofthepaint,times100,determinedbyTestMethod
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D2369.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.4 paint density, n—the mass of a unit volume of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
liquid paint material at any given temperature, determined by
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
Test Method D1475.
statements are given in 10.1.8.1.
3.1.5 satellite paint supply system, n—a smaller, paint-
2. Referenced Documents circulating system separate from the main production paint-
2 circulating supply system capable of supplying paint under the
2.1 ASTM Standards:
same conditions.
D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,
and Related Products
4. Summary of Test Method
D2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
4.1 Theweightoftheparttobepaintedisdeterminedbefore
2.2 USEPA/MVMA (Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Associa-
and after the paint application process. The weight of liquid
tion) Standards:
paint used per part is determined from material usage and part
EPA 450/3-88-018, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
processing records. The determined weight solids content of
Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic
the paint material is determined and used to calculate the paint
Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light Duty
solids sprayed per part.The transfer efficiency of the process is
calculated by dividing the weight of paint solids deposited by
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint the weight of the paint solids sprayed.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed Products.
Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published July 2005. Originally Available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D5066 – 91 (2001). Office, Washington, DC 20402. Refer to EPA 450/3-88-018 dated December 1988.
DOI: 10.1520/D5066-91R05. This protocol makes reference to the determination of production spray transfer
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or efficiency.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM AvailablefromU.S.GovernmentPrintingOfficeSuperintendentofDocuments,
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401. Refer to CFR 40,
the ASTM website. Part 60, Appendix A.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5066–91 (2005)
5. Significance and Use 8.1.1 The preferred procedure is to determine the weight of
paint used during the application study period. Under typical
5.1 This test method is specifically directed at the spray
production conditions, such weighing may be difficult, due to
painting of automobile car and light duty truck bodies. The
the large number of applicators requiring paint supply from a
general principles are applicable to the painting of other
common tank. If a separate, isolated paint supply tank is used
automotive parts.
in the test; it is important to control paint viscosity, tempera-
5.2 This test method may also be used to measure transfer
ture, and flow rate consistent with the regular production
efficiency in full-sized painting facilities simulating production
system (see 9.1).
conditions and operations.
8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight is
not practical, an alternative procedure for determining paint
6. Interferences
usage by volume is suggested. This procedure involves mea-
6.1 Limitations include the ability of the weighing device to
suringthedropinpaintlevelinthepaintsupplytankduringthe
determine accurately the weight of the paint solids deposited
test.Toprovidesufficientaccuracy,itmaybenecessarytopaint
on the part and the capability of accurate measurement of the
a “block” (isolated group) of similar vehicles or parts from the
amount of paint sprayed (see Section 7).
paint supply system while usage measurements are taken.
6.2 It may be difficult to cover the surface of complex
Typically, this may require painting approximately 30 vehicles
shaped parts with aluminum foil (see 11.6.11).
(see 9.2).
7. Apparatus 9. Paint Usage Determination by Weight Procedure
7.1 Tension Load Cells, with upper/lower transition pieces. 9.1 This procedure for determining paint usage during the
7.1.1 682-kg (1500-lb) capacity with 0.02-kg (0.05-lb) pre- test is preferred when a satellite paint supply system is
cision for weighing automobile body and support frame. available for the process to be tested. With this procedure, it is
7.1.2 227 to 364-kg (500 to 800-lb) capacity with 0.02-kg usually easier to isolate paint usage for measurement purposes,
(0.05-lb) precision for weighing mix tanks or automobile and accurate results can be obtained with a smaller number of
components. vehicles or parts (see 9.1.1).
7.1.3 Asafetycableisrequiredforuppertolowertransition.
9.1.1 At least 2.27 kg (5.0 lb) of paint material must be used
7.2 Electronic Digitizer/Readout, readability of 0.02 kg during the test with the specified weighing equipment.
(0.05 lb) and special filtering. 9.2 Before a satellite paint supply system can be used, it
7.2.1 The electronic digitizer/readout shall meet OIML must be demonstrated that the system is capable of supplying
(International Organization of Legalized Metrology) specifica- the paint at sufficient volume and pressure to maintain normal
tions. process conditions (fluid deliveries of the spray devices) and
7.3 Voltage Regulator. that the paint can be maintained at a representative temperature
7.4 Swivel Devices, as required. and viscosity for the duration of the test period. These
7.5 Rule and Calipers for measuring diameter of paint requirements can best be assured by mounting the satellite tank
supply tank shaft, etc. on a load cell or scale and directly piping it into the production
7.6 Sample Containers, clean and airtight for paint material. supply system of the spraybooth. For this procedure the
7.7 Lifting Device and Support Frame Apparatus to lift requirements are as follows:
body. 9.2.1 Level and calibrate a weighing device (see Section 7)
7.7.1 Total weight must not exceed capacity of load cell or for weighing the satellite supply tank.
scale. 9.2.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must be
7.8 Standard Calibration Weight, approximately 0.9 kg (2 turned on long enough to achieve stability, following the
lb). manufacturer’s directions. All weighing devices must be situ-
7.9 Measure Stick, Starret precision spring tempered, satin ated to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.
chrome finish, 91.4 cm (36 in.), with 4R graduations, or 9.2.3 Introduce the paint material, reduced to spraying
equivalent.
viscosity, into the tank to be weighed. Before the test is
conducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that all
supply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that no
8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures
leaks are present in the piping system.
8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that accurate
9.2.4 Shut off the agitator to minimize vibration during the
measurementsbemadeofthequantityofpaintmaterialusedin
weighing of the system.
the application process during the time period associated with
9.2.5 Calibrate the weighing device in accordance with
the coating of specific vehicles or parts. Two general proce-
manufacturer’s instructions. Weigh and tare a lifting frame, if
dures are applicable for accurately measuring paint usage.
used to support the satellite paint supply tank.
9.2.6 Weigh the satellite paint supply tank before the test
vehicles or parts are run. Flexible connections are required to
The sole source of supply of the electronic digitizer, Model 5322, known to the
minimize strain. Carefully note the configuration of the tank so
committee at this time is Sterling Scale Co., 20950 Boening, Southfield, MI 48075.
that the same configuration is used for both initial and the final
If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM
weighing (that is, hose connections, height, etc.). Weigh the
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a
meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. tank until 2 consecutive measurements are obtained within the
D5066–91 (2005)
measurement error of the weighing system 60.02 kg (0.05 lb). (the same point at which the initial reading was taken). If this
Average the two readings. The satellite tank may be left on the is not done, the block size for clearcoat will be different from
weighing device during the painting operation to monitor the block size for basecoat (this is acceptable but must be
painting usage on a continuous basis. accurately reflected in the calculations).
9.2.7 After painting the test vehicles or parts, reweigh the
10.1.8 The measurements are to be taken to the nearest 1.6
satellite paint supply tank in accordance with 9.2.5 and 9.2.6. 1 1
mm ( ⁄16 in.) with a measuring stick with 1.6 mm ( ⁄16-in.) or
9.2.8 Obtain representative paint samples immediately after
less graduations. Measurements are made from the top of the
completion of the test for solids and density analysis.
tank to the top of the liquid level at least 7.6 to 10.2 cm (3 to
4 in.) from the sides of the tank. The top of the tank is to be
10. Paint Usage Determination by Tank Level
determined by laying a straight edge across the top of the tank
Measurement (Volume Procedure)
in the same position for each measurement.
10.1 This procedure for determining the paint usage re-
10.1.8.1 Warning: Any measuring instruments used in this
quiresthatthedropintheliquidlevelinthesystemsupplytank
procedure must be effectively grounded before contacting the
be measured accurately. This procedure is applicable with
coating tank or coating liquid surface. Review all measuring
either a satellite system or a main-mix room supply system. A
instruments for suitability and resistance to the paint solvents
sufficient number of parts must be processed in the test block
prior to the test.
toprovideatleasta7.6-cm(3-in.)dropintheliquidlevelinthe
10.1.9 It may be necessary to provide two-way radio com-
paintsupplytank.Carefulmeasurementiscriticaltotheoverall
munication between the mix-room monitor and the tested
accuracy of the transfer efficiency test. This procedure consists
process operation to coordinate the measurement process and
of the following:
timing.
10.1.1 Accurately measure the inside diameter of the paint
supply tank(s) to be used for the various test materials. If the 10.1.10 Obtain representative paint samples immediately
agitator shafts, fill pipes, or any other objects are located in the after completion of the test for density and solids determina-
measurement zone, the occupied volume of these items must tions.
be determined and subtracted from the total volume. Careful
selection of the section of the tank for the test measurement 11. Paint Solids Deposited Measurement Procedure
will minimize the difficulty of this task. The measurements are
11.1 To determine the transfer efficiency, it is necessary to
used to develop a conversion factor between level drop and
determineboththeweightofpaintsolidssprayedpervehicleor
volume of paint.
part and the weight of paint solids actually deposited onto the
10.1.2 Most main paint supply systems consist of two tanks
object in the tested process. These are obtained by weighing
connected together to maintain the material supply. During the
vehicles or parts incorporated in the same sample (block) used
test, the paint supply tank must be isolated. Check to ensure
to obtain the paint usage measurement.
that there is no leakage or overflow between the two tanks and
11.2 Vehicle or Part Weighing Procedure— The weight of
that the directional valves for paint return function properly.
paint solids deposited during the application process is deter-
Make sure that these checks are made just prior to and after the
mined by weighing the vehicle(s) or part(s) prior to and after
test, and are done by measuring the volume in both tanks.
thepaintisappliedandbaked.Atleasttwovehiclesorpartsare
10.1.3 Place the test paint, which has been reduced to
required to be tested. A control part is also run and weighed
spraying viscosity, into the paint supply tank to be measured.
before and after the application process. No paint is applied to
No material additions or reductions may be made to the tank
the control part in the process. The control is required to
during the test. Be
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