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ASTM D933-84(1999)

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits

Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of examination and analysis for inorganic constituents of deposits formed from waters are to be reported.  
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a rational and comprehensive practice for general application. For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular combinations may be useful and desirable.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Jun-1999
ICS
13.060.50 - Examination of water for chemical substances
Technical Committee
D19 - Water
Drafting Committee
D19.03 - Sampling Water and Water-Formed Deposits, Analysis of Water for Power Generation and Process Use, On-Line Water Analysis, and Surveillance of Water
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D933-84(2003) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
11-Sep-1984
Referred By
ASTM D2331-08(2022) - Standard Practices for Preparation and Preliminary Testing of Water-Formed Deposits
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D934-22 - Standard Practices for Identification of Crystalline Compounds in Water-Formed Deposits By X-Ray Diffraction
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D596-01(2018) - Standard Guide for Reporting Results of Analysis of Water
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999
Referred By
ASTM D4025-18 - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Deposits Formed from Water for Subsurface Injection
Effective Date
10-Jun-1999

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ASTM D933-84(1999) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed DepositsASTM D933-84(1999) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
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ASTM D933-84(1999) - Standard Practice for Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-Formed Deposits
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 933 – 84 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Practice for
Reporting Results of Examination and Analysis of Water-
Formed Deposits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 933; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope modern up-to-date chemical detection units will increase the
usefulness of the practice.
1.1 This practice covers the manner in which the results of
examination and analysis for inorganic constituents of deposits
5. History of Sample
formed from waters are to be reported.
5.1 Information regarding the source and history of the
1.2 While various practices of reporting the analysis of
sample shall be included in the report of the analysis. This
water-formed deposits are in use, this practice is intended as a
information should be that specified in Practices D 887, as
rational and comprehensive practice for general application.
follows:
For use in specific industries or individual cases, molecular
5.1.1 Name of individual or company supplying sample,
combinations may be useful and desirable.
5.1.2 Geographic origin of sample,
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety
5.1.3 Date and time of sampling,
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
5.1.4 Number of sample,
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
5.1.5 Name and other designation of equipment from which
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
sample was removed,
limitations prior to use.
5.1.6 Precise location from which sample was removed (for
2. Referenced Documents example, exactly what turbine blade),
5.1.7 Appearance and extent of deposit prior to removal,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1.8 Type of deposit—whether scale, sludge, biological
D 887 Practices for Sampling Water-Formed Deposits
deposit, or corrosion product as defined in Practices D 887,
D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
5.1.9 Exact method that was used in removing the sample
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
and notes concerning any contamination that might have
Determine Conformance with Specifications
occurred during the process,
3. Terminology
5.1.10 Operating temperature and pressure of liquid or
vapor in the equipment that contained the deposit,
3.1 Definitions—For definitions of terms used in this prac-
5.1.11 Type of treatment applied to the water that formed
tice reference should be made to Terminology D 1129.
the deposit or to the water that furnished steam to the affected
4. Significance and Use
zone,
5.1.12 An account of discrepancies in operating condition
4.1 The results are used to characterize the scale formed and
that may have contributed to deposition (for example, water
used to evaluate the quality of water used in the unit.
starving),
Characterizing the scale will assist in the design of the water
5.1.13 Results of field tests made on the sample or related
treatment process to avoid further scale buildup. The use of
equipment, and
5.1.14 Signature of sampler.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.03 on Sampling of Water and 6. Physical Characteristics
Water-Formed Deposits, Surveillance of Water , and Flow Measurement of Water.
6.1 The report shall include a description of the physical
Current edition approved Sept. 11, 1984. Published November 1984. Originally
characteristics of the sample, including any peculiarities that
published 1947. Last previous edition D933 – 50 (1982)e .
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.02.
may be pertinent in its further examination.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 933
6.2 Characteristics such as the following may be recorded: 8. Reporting of Chemical Analysis
color, form, (scaly, slimy, drusy, etc.), texture (oily, smooth,
8.1 All data, except water, shall be reported as percentage
friable, gritty, etc.), hardness, magnetic properties (as deter-
by weight of the dry sample. Water shall be reported on the
mined by test with magnet), and structure (amorphous, crys-
as-received basis.
talline, columnar crystals).
8.2 For convenience in calculation, values for oxides, acid
anhydrides, and combined water may also be expressed on a
7. Completeness and Accuracy of Analysis
basis of chemical equivalents. Values for relative equivalents
7.1 The determinations to be reported in a complete analysis are obtained by dividing each value of percentage by weight by
shall be those listed in Table 1. For many practical purposes, a the equivalent weight of the respective oxide, acid radical, or
less complete analysis will suffice. In other instances the water.
location or nature of the deposit or a knowledge of the 8.3 Quantitative determinations shall be reported to the
composition of the equipment affected will suggest the need for nearest 0.1 % (8.4). When a quantitative determination is made
determinations in addition to those listed. and a negative result is obtained, it shall be reported as “0.0”
7.2 The completeness and accuracy of the analysis should with a notation as to the amount of sample used and the method
be carefully appraised before reporting. In a complete analysis, of determination. When a determination has been omitted, but
the heading of the determination is carried in a tabulation with
the summation of all determinations under oxides, acid radi-
cals, ether-extractable matter, carbonaceous matter, and com- determinations of other samples, the absence of a determina-
tion for any other specific sample shall be indicated by an entry
bined water shall total 100 6 2%.
7.3 A summation in excess of 102 % indicates a positive “no determination” or by a dash. The ter
...

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4.1 These test methods are significant because the concentration of beryllium in water must be measured accurately in order to evaluate potential health and environmental effects.
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Standard Test Methods for Cobalt in Water

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4.1 Most waters rarely contain more than trace concentrations of cobalt from natural sources. Although trace amounts of cobalt seem to be essential to the nutrition of some animals, large amounts have pronounced toxic effects on both plant and animal life.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cobalt in water and wastewater 2 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Three test methods are included as follows:    
Concentration Range  
Sections  
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7 to 16  
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction  
10 μg/L to 1000 μg/L  
17 to 26  
Test Method C—Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace  
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27 to 36  
1.2 Test Method A has been used successfully with reagent water, potable water, river water, and wastewater. Test Method B has been used successfully with reagent water, potable water, river water, sea water and brine. Test Method C was successfully evaluated in reagent water, artificial seawater, river water, tap water, and a synthetic brine. It is the analyst's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for other matrices.  
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ASTM D3859-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Selenium in Water

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In most natural waters selenium concentrations seldom exceed 10 μg/L. However, the runoff from certain types of seleniferous soils at various times of the year can produce concentrations as high as several hundred micrograms per litre. Additionally, industrial contamination can be a significant source of selenium in rivers and streams.  
4.2 High concentrations of selenium in drinking water have been suspected of being toxic to animal life. Selenium is a priority pollutant and all public water agencies are required to monitor its concentration.  
4.3 These test methods determine the dominant species of selenium reportedly found in most natural and wastewaters, including selenities, selenates, and organo-selenium compounds.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable selenium in most waters and wastewaters. Both test methods utilize atomic absorption procedures, as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
7 – 16  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
17 – 26  
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1.3 These test methods are most applicable within the following ranges:    
Test Method A—Gaseous Hydride AAS2, 3  
1 μg/L to 20 μg/L  
Test Method B—Graphite Furnace AAS  
2 μg/L to 100 μg/L
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ASTM D4190-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Elements in Water by Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is useful for the determination of element concentrations in many natural waters. It has the capability for the simultaneous determination of up to 15 separate elements. High analysis sensitivity can be achieved for some elements, such as boron and vanadium.
SCOPE
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1.2 The information on precision and bias may not apply to other waters.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to the 15 elements listed in Annex A1 (Table A1.1) and covers the ranges in Table 1.  
1.4 This test method is not applicable to brines unless the sample matrix can be matched or the sample can be diluted by a factor of 200 up to 500 and still maintain the analyte concentration above the detection limit.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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