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ASTM D1204-14

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature

Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is particularly applicable to nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting or film made by the calender or extrusion process. The test gives an indication of lot-to-lot uniformity in regards to the degree of internal strains introduced during processing.  
4.2 The heating medium in this test method is air and does not necessarily yield the same results as Test Method D2732, which uses a liquid medium.  
4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, review the specifications of the material being tested, if available. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of changes in linear dimensions of nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting or film that result from exposure of the material to specified conditions of elevated temperature and time.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note 1—This test method and ISO 11501 address the same matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between the two methods).

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
28-Feb-2014
ICS
83.140.10 - Films and sheets
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.19 - Film, Sheeting, and Molded Products
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1204-08 - Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Replaced By
ASTM D1204-14(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
Effective Date
01-Apr-2020
Referred By
ASTM D4434/D4434M-21 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Sheet Roofing
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D6878/D6878M-21 - Standard Specification for Thermoplastic Polyolefin-Based Sheet Roofing
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D7106/D7106M-05(2023) - Standard Guide for Selection of Test Methods for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Geomembranes
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D1970/D1970M-21 - Standard Specification for Self-Adhering Polymer Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Used as Steep Roofing Underlayment for Ice Dam Protection
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4551-22 - Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Plastic Flexible Concealed Water-Containment Membrane
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D5819-22 - Standard Guide for Selecting Test Methods for Experimental Evaluation of Geosynthetic Durability
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D7465/D7465M-15(2023) - Standard Specification for Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) Sheet Used In Geomembrane Applications
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D4801-08(2016) - Standard Specification for Polyethylene Sheeting in Thickness of 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) and Greater
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM D8065/D8065M-16 - Standard Classification System and Basis for Specification for Specifying Plastic Films
Effective Date
01-Mar-2014
Referred By
ASTM C1136-23 - Standard Specification for Flexible, Low Permeance Vapor Retarders for Thermal Insulation
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01-Mar-2014
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ASTM D4811/D4811M-16(2023) - Standard Specification for Nonvulcanized (Uncured) Rubber Sheet Used as Roof Flashing
Effective Date
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ASTM D7832/D7832M-14(2021) - Standard Guide for Performance Attributes of Waterproofing Membranes Applied to Below-Grade Walls / Vertical Surfaces (Enclosing Interior Spaces)
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ASTM D7613-17(2023) - Standard Specification for Flexible Polypropylene Reinforced (fPP-R) and Nonreinforced (fPP) Geomembranes
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D1204 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic
1
Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of changes in
defined in Terminology D883.
linear dimensions of nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting or film
thatresultfromexposureofthematerialtospecifiedconditions
4. Significance and Use
of elevated temperature and time.
4.1 This test method is particularly applicable to nonrigid
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
thermoplastic sheeting or film made by the calender or extru-
standard.
sion process. The test gives an indication of lot-to-lot unifor-
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mity in regards to the degree of internal strains introduced
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
during processing.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 The heating medium in this test method is air and does
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
not necessarily yield the same results as Test Method D2732,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
which uses a liquid medium.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 11501 address the same matter, but
differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared 4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, review the
between the two methods).
specificationsofthematerialbeingtested,ifavailable.Anytest
specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing
2. Referenced Documents
parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant
2
ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those
2.1 ASTM Standards:
mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
material specifications, then the default conditions apply.Table
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM material
D2732 Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal
standards that currently exist.
Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
5. Apparatus
als
5.1 Oven—Amechanical convection oven capable of main-
2.2 ISO Standard
taining a temperature of 100 6 1°C.
ISO 11501 Plastics: Film and Sheeting—Determination of
3
Dimensional Change on Heating
5.2 Scale, graduated in 0.25-mm (0.01-in.) divisions, 30 cm
(12 in.) or more in length.
5.3 Thermometer, graduated in 1°C divisions, with a range
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
suitable for the test temperature used.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and
Molded Products.
5.4 Timer, graduated in minutes.
Current edition approved March 1, 2014. Published March 2014. Originally
approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D1204 - 08. DOI:
5.5 Template, 25 by 25 cm (10 by 10 in.), for cutting test
10.1520/D1204-14.
2
specimens.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.6 Heavy Paper Sheets, approximately 40 by 40 cm (15 by
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
15 in.), with smooth, wrinkle- and crease-free surfaces.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. 5.7 Talc, finely ground.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1204 − 14
6. Test Specimens 8.2 Place the paper-plastic sandwiches horizontally in the
oven at the temperature and for the length of time applicable to
6.1 Thetestspecimensshallbetwopiecesofthesheetingor
the material being tested. Sandwiches must not be stacked, as
film 25 by 25 cm (10 by 10 in.), cut with the aid of the
this has the potential to restrict the movement of the plastic
template, one from either of the two transverse edges and one
between the papers.
from the center of the sheet as shown in Fig. 1. Each specimen
8.3 At the end of the oven-exposure period, recon
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1204 − 08 D1204 − 14
Standard Test Method for
Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic
1
Sheeting or Film at Elevated Temperature
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1204; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of changes in linear dimensions of nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting or film that
result from exposure of the material to specified conditions of elevated temperature and time.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—This test method and ISO 11501 address the same matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly compared between
the two methods).
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D2732 Test Method for Unrestrained Linear Thermal Shrinkage of Plastic Film and Sheeting
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materials
2.2 ISO Standard
3
ISO 11501 Plastics: Film and Sheeting—Determination of Dimensional Change on Heating
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Terms applicable to this test method are defined in Terminology D883.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This test method is particularly applicable to nonrigid thermoplastic sheeting or film made by the calender or extrusion
process. The test gives an indication of lot-to-lot uniformity asin regards to the degree of internal strains introduced during
processing.
4.2 The heating medium in this test method is air and maydoes not necessarily yield the same results as Test Method D2732,
which uses a liquid medium.
4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specificationreview the specifications of the
material being tested. tested, if available. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or
combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test
method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply. Table 1 of Classification System
D4000 lists the ASTM material standards that currently exist.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and Molded
Products.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008March 1, 2014. Published November 2008March 2014. Originally approved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20072008
as D1204 - 07.D1204 - 08. DOI: 10.1520/D1204-08.10.1520/D1204-14.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1204 − 14
5. Apparatus
5.1 Oven—A mechanical convection oven capable of maintaining a temperature of 100 6 1°C.
5.2 Scale, graduated in 0.25-mm (0.01-in.) divisions, 30 cm (12 in.) or more in length.
5.3 Thermometer, graduated in 1°C divisions, with a range suitable for the test temperature used.
5.4 Timer, graduated in minutes.
5.5 Template, 25 by 25 cm (10 by 10 in.), for cutting test specimens.
5.6 Heavy Paper Sheets, approximately 40 by 40 cm (15 by 15 in.), with smooth, wrinkle- and crease-free surfaces.
5.7 Talc, finely ground.
6. Test Specimens
6.1 The test specimens shall be two pieces of the sheeting or film 25 by 25 cm (10 by 10 in.), cut with the aid of the template,
one from e
...

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   where:
  θ  =  angle of contact of the edge of the drop with the solid surface,   γGL  =  surface energy of the gas - liquid interface,   γGS  =  surface energy of the gas - solid interface, and   γSL  =  surface energy of the solid - liquid interface.    
5.1.1 The right side of the above equation (the difference between the surface energies of the gas - solid and solid - liquid interfaces) is defined as the wetting tension of the solid surface. It is not a fundamental property of the surface but depends on interaction between the solid and a particular environment.  
5.1.2 When the gas is air saturated with vapors of the liquid, γGL will be the surface tension of the liquid. If the angle of contact is 0° the liquid is said to just wet the surface of the solid, and in this particular case (since cos θ = 1) the wetting tension of the solid will be equal to the surface tension of the liquid.  
5.2 The ability of polyethylene and polypropylene films to retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc., is primarily dependent upon the character of their surfaces, and can be improved by one of several surface-treating techniques. These same treating techniques have been found to increase the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface in contact with mixtures of formamide and ethyl Cellosolve in the presence of air. It is therefore possible to relate the wetting tension of a polyethylene or a polypropylene film surface to its ability to accept and retain inks, coatings, adhesives, etc. The measured wetting tension of a specific film surface can only be related to acceptable ink, coating, or adhesive retention through experience. Wetting tension in itself is not a completely acceptable measur...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the wetting tension of a polyethylene or polypropylene film surface in contact with drops of specific test solutions in the presence of air.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: This test method and the specified reagents were specifically developed for polyethylene and polypropylene films. It is possible to utilize this test method and the specified reagents for films composed of other polymers, but this can affect the surface energies of the gas-liquid and solid-liquid interfaces, which will affect the contact angle and wetting tension. The applicability and significance for use of non-polyolefin materials must be established by the user.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 9.
Note 2: This test method is equivalent to ISO 8296.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2291/D2291M-22(Practice)
Standard Practice for Fabrication of Ring Test Specimens for Glass-Resin Composites

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice provides a uniform procedure for fabricating glass fiber/thermoset resin ring samples for use as test specimens. Specimens so prepared can be used in Test Methods D2290 and D2344/D2344M.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended for use in the fabrication of ring-type test specimens to be used in the evaluation of the mechanical properties of reinforcement and resins in a composite structure. The practice outlines the steps in the preparation of the test specimens, including the final specimen machining where applicable. Three final ring configurations are included.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this practice.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1494-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Diffuse Light Transmission Factor of Reinforced Plastics Panels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The purpose of this test method is to obtain the diffuse light transmittance factor of both flat and corrugated translucent building panels by the use of simple apparatus and by employing as a light source a combination of fluorescent tubes whose energy distribution closely approximates CIE Source C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the diffuse light transmission factor of translucent reinforced plastics building panels.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in the parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in Tables and Figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1593-22(Specification)
Standard Specification for Nonrigid Vinyl Chloride Plastic Film and Sheeting

ABSTRACT
This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % may include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof. The film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheet, and shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. The material may be transparent, translucent, or opaque, and may be plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated. This specification designates three general-purpose types of vinyl chloride film and sheeting - calendered, extruded, and cast. The materials shall be tested for its tensile strength and elongation at rapture, tear resistance, volatile loss, water extraction, low temperature impact, burning rate, shrinkage, and color fastness to rubbing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nonrigid, unsupported vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting in which the resin portion of the composition contains at least 90 % vinyl chloride. The remaining 10 % can include one or more monomers copolymerized with vinyl chloride, or consist of other resins mechanically blended together with poly(vinyl chloride) or copolymers thereof.  
1.2 The vinyl chloride plastic film and sheeting covered herein shall be 0.075 to 0.25 mm (3 to 10 mils) in thickness for film and greater than 0.25 mm in thickness for sheeting. The film and sheeting shall include the stabilizers and plasticizers necessary to meet the requirements of this specification. This specification covers transparent, translucent, or opaque film and sheeting that is plain, printed, embossed, or otherwise surface treated.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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