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ASTM D5029-98(2004)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon

Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
In certain applications, the ash, color, conductivity, or pH of the finished activated carbon product may be influenced by the quantity of water solubles it contains. This water solubles test provides a relative indication of the quantity of soluble materials that may be extracted from various activated carbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water soluble content of (unused) granular and powdered activated carbons. Water solubles are materials that can be extracted by distilled water under reflux conditions and are expressed as a percentage of dry carbon weight.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Sep-2004
ICS
71.040.30 - Chemical reagents
Technical Committee
D28 - Activated Carbon
Drafting Committee
D28.02 - Liquid Phase Evaluation
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D5029-98 - Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Oct-2004
Replaced By
ASTM D5029-98(2009) - Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon
Effective Date
01-Apr-2009

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ASTM D5029-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated CarbonASTM D5029-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon
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ASTM D5029-98(2004) - Standard Test Method for Water Solubles in Activated Carbon
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D 5029–98 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Water Solubles in Activated Carbon
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5029; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope is evaporated to dryness. Water solubles are determined by
weighing the dry residue and expressing the result as a
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water
percentage of the dry carbon weight.
soluble content of (unused) granular and powdered activated
carbons. Water solubles are materials that can be extracted by
5. Significance and Use
distilled water under reflux conditions and are expressed as a
5.1 In certain applications, the ash, color, conductivity, or
percentage of dry carbon weight.
pH of the finished activated carbon product may be influenced
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
by the quantity of water solubles it contains. This water
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
solubles test provides a relative indication of the quantity of
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
soluble materials that may be extracted from various activated
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
carbons.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
6. Apparatus and Materials
2. Referenced Documents
NOTE 1—All volumetric measuring equipment should meet or exceed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
the requirements of National Institute of Standards and Technology
D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
Circular 602, Testing of Glass Volumetric Apparatus, available from the
D 2652 Terminology Relating to Activated Carbon
National Institute of Standards andTechnology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899.
D 2867 Test Method for Moisture in Activated Carbon
Volumetric glassware meeting these specifications is generally designated
D 3838 Test Method for pH of Activated Carbon
as Class A.
E 177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
6.1 Flask, 250 mL with 24/40 ST (standard taper) neck.
ASTM Test Methods
6.2 Condenser, with 24/40 inner ST (standard taper) joint.
E 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals
6.3 Buchner Funnel, 9 or 12.5 cm.
6.4 Filter Paper, Ashless,(;5 to 10 µm particle retention).
3. Terminology
6.5 Glass or Porcelain Evaporating Dishes, 100 mL capac-
3.1 Definitions—Terms relating to this standard are defined
ity.
in Terminology D 2652.
6.6 Analytical Balance, precision 0.1 mg.
6.7 Drying Oven.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.8 Desiccator.
4.1 A known weight of activated carbon is placed into a
6.9 Hot Plate.
reflux apparatus with Type II reagent water (see Specification
6.10 Pipet,50mL.
D 1193). The mixture is refluxed for 15 min under specified
6.11 Indicating Desiccant.
conditions. This extraction is performed using the method and
6.12 Water, ASTM Type II or better, in accordance with
apparatus described in Test Method D 3838. After extraction,
Specification D 1193, Type II.
thecarbonisseparatedbyfiltrationandanaliquotofthefiltrate
6.13 Thermometer, approximately 20 to 55°C.
6.14 Steam Bath, optional.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 on
6.15 Beakers, 250 mL.
ActivatedCarbonandisthedirectresponsibilityofSubcommitteeD28.02onLiquid
6.16 Graduated Cylinder, 100 mL.
Phase Evaluation.
6.17 Laboratory Timer.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2004. Published Nov. 2004. Originally
6.18 Filter Flasks, vacuum, 500 mL.
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5029 – 98.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
7. Sampling
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
7.1 Conducted sampling according to Practice E 300.
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5029–98 (2004)
8. Procedure 9. Calculation
9.1 The following equation is used for a general calculation
8.1 Determine the moisture content of the carbon in accor-
of water solubles:
dance with Test Method D 2867.
8.2 Weigh a sample of carbon equivalent to 10.00 6 0.01 g ~B2A! ~D! ~100!
Water Solubl
...

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5.1 The butane activity as determined by this test method is a measure of the ability of an activated carbon to adsorb butane from dry air under specified conditions. It is useful for the quality control and evaluation of granular activated carbons. The butane activity is an indication of the micropore volume of the activated carbon sample. This activity number does not necessarily provide an absolute or relative measure of the effectiveness of the tested carbon for other adsorbates or at other conditions of operation.  
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1.1 This test method covers determination of the activation level of activated carbon. Butane activity (BA) is defined herein as the ratio (in percent) of the mass of butane adsorbed by an activated carbon sample to the mass of the sample, when the carbon is saturated with butane under the conditions listed in this test method.  
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5.1 The BWC, as determined by this test method, is a measure of the ability of an activated carbon to adsorb and desorb butane from dry air under specified conditions. It is useful for quality control and evaluation of granular activated carbons that are used in applications where the adsorption of butane and desorption with dry air are of interest. The BWC can also provide a relative measure of the effectiveness of the tested activated carbons on other adsorbates.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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4.1 The moisture content of activated carbon is often required to define and express its properties in relation to the net weight of the carbon.  
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4.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular activated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three, attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dust formation in actual service. Published test procedures to determine the “hardness” of activated carbons produce results that in general cannot be correlated with field experience. For example, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces to the sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape, and density of the particles. The “stirring bar” abrasion test measures attrition so long as the particle size is smaller than 12 mesh. There is some evidence, however, that the results of this test method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedure set forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forces between vibrating or slowly moving particles during the test and may be only slightly dependent on particle size, shape, and density effects.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating the resistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons. For the purpose of this guide, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, is defined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unit time, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibrating device during a designated time per unit weight of carbon. The initial dust content of the sample may also be determined. Granular activated carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 % being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods D2867).  
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ASTM D6586-03(2021)(Practice)
Standard Practice for the Prediction of Contaminant Adsorption on GAC in Aqueous Systems Using Rapid Small-Scale Column Tests

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Granular activated carbon (GAC) is commonly used to remove contaminants from water. However if not used properly, GAC can not only be expensive but can at times be ineffective. The development of engineering data for the design of full-scale adsorbers often requires time-consuming and expensive pilot plant studies. This rapid standard practice has been developed to predict adsorption in large-scale adsorbers based upon results from small column testing. In contrast to pilot plant studies, the small-scale column test presented in this practice does not allow for a running evaluation of factors that may affect GAC performance over time. Such factors may include, for example, an increased removal of target compounds by bacterial colonizing GAC3 or long-term fouling of GAC caused by inorganic compounds or background organic matter.4 Nevertheless, this practice offers more relevant operational data than isotherm testing without the principal drawbacks of pilot plant studies, namely time and expense; and unlike pilot plant studies, small-scale studies can be performed in a laboratory using water sampled from a remote location.  
5.2 This practice known as the rapid small-scale column test (RSSCT) uses empty bed contact time (EBCT) and hydraulic loading to describe the adsorption process. Mean carbon particle diameter is used to scale RSSCT results to predict the performance of a full-scale adsorber.  
5.3 This practice can be used to compare the effectiveness of different activated carbons for the removal of contaminants from a common water stream.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a test method for the evaluation of granular activated carbon (GAC) for the adsorption of soluble pollutants from water. This practice can be used to estimate the operating capacities of virgin and reactivated granular activated carbons. The results obtained from the small-scale column testing can be used to predict the adsorption of target compounds on GAC in a large column or full-scale adsorber application.  
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1.3 This practice is useful for the determination of breakthrough curves for specific contaminants in water, the determination of the lengths of the adsorbates mass transfer zones (MTZ), and the prediction of GAC usage rates for larger scale adsorbers.  
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ASTM D4069-95(2020)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Impregnated Activated Carbon Used to Remove Gaseous Radio-Iodines from Gas Streams

ABSTRACT
This standard covers the specifications for physical properties and performance requirements of virgin impregnated activated carbon to be used for the removal of gaseous radioiodine species from gas streams. The activated carbon furnished under this specification shall be virgin material. Each batch of impregnated activated carbon shall conform to the requirements for physical properties prescribed. The following test methods shall used to determine the physical properties and performance capability of the sample: apparent density; particle size distribution; ash content; moisture content; ignition temperature; ball-pan hardness; and pH.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Activated carbons used in containment systems for nuclear reactors must be capable of functioning under both normal operating conditions and those conditions which may exist following a design basis accident (DBA). Adsorbent beds that are part of recirculatory systems inside containment may be exposed to the peak pressure, temperature, and steam content of a post-DBA condition.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the specifications for physical properties and performance requirements of virgin impregnated activated carbon to be used for the removal of gaseous radioiodine species from gas streams.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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