ASTM D1587-00

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Designation:D1587–00
Standard Practice for
Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical
Purposes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope * 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for using a thin-walled
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
metal tube to recover relatively undisturbed soil samples
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
suitable for laboratory tests of engineering properties, such as
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
strength, compressibility, permeability, and density. Thin-
1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing
walled tubes used in piston, plug, or rotary-type samplers
one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace
should comply with Section 6.3 of this practice which de-
educationorexperienceandshouldbeusedinconjunctionwith
scribes the thin-walled tubes.
professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be
NOTE 1—This practice does not apply to liners used within the
applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not
samplers.
intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which
1.2 This Practice is limited to soils that can be penetrated by
the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,
the thin-walled tube. This sampling method is not recom-
nor should this document be applied without consideration of
mended for sampling soils containing gravel or larger size soil
a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the
particles cemented or very hard soils. Other soil samplers may
title of this document means only that the document has been
be used for sampling these soil types. Such samplers include
approved through the ASTM consensus process.
driven split barrel samplers and soil coring devices (D 1586,
2. Referenced Documents
D 3550, and D 6151). For information on appropriate use of
other soil samplers refer to D 6169.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This practice is often used in conjunction with fluid
D 653 Standard Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and
rotary drilling (D 1452D 5783) or hollow-stem augers
Contained Fluids
(D 6151). Subsurface geotechnical explorations should be
D 1452 Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by
reported in accordance with practice (D 5434). This practice
Auger Borings
discusses some aspects of sample preservation after the sam-
D 1586 PenetrationResistanceandSplitBarrelSamplingof
pling event. For information on preservation and transportation
Soils
process of soil samples, consult Practice D 4220. This practice
D 2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils
does not address environmental sampling; consult D 6169 and
(Visual-Manual Procedure)
D 6232for information on sampling for environmental investi-
D 3550 Practice for Ring-Lined Barrel Sampling of Soils
gations.
D 3740 Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in
as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are
Engineering Design and Construction
provided for information purposes only. The tubing tolerances
D 4220 Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil
presented in Table 2 are from sources available in North
Samples
America. Use of metric equivalent is acceptable as long as
D 5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explora-
thickness and proportions are similar to those required in this
tions of Soil and Rock
standard.
D 5783 Guide for Use of Rotary Drilling with Water-Based
Drilling Fluid for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the
Installation of Subsurface Water-Quality Monitoring De-
1 vices
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.02 on Sampling and
Related Field Testing for Soil Investigations.
CurrenteditionapprovedAugust10,2000.PublishedDecember2000.Originally
published as D 1587–58T. Last previous edition D 1587–83. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D1587
A
TABLE 1 Suitable Thin-Walled Steel Sample Tubes
D 6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment for
Outside diameter (D ): Waste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activi-
o
in. 2 3 5 4
ties
mm 50.8 76.2 127
Wall thickness:
3. Terminology
Bwg 18 16 11
in. 0.049 0.065 0.120
3.1 Definitions:
mm 1.24 1.65 3.05
3.1.1 Forcommondefinitionsoftermsinthisstandard,refer
Tube length:
in. 36 36 54 to Terminology D 653.
m 0.91 0.91 1.45
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
Inside clearance ratio, % <1 <1 <1
3.2.1 inside clearance ratio, %—the ratio of the difference
A
The three diameters recommended in Table 1 are indicated for purposes of
intheinsidediameterofthetube,D,minustheinsidediameter
i
standardization, and are not intended to indicate that sampling tubes of interme-
of the cutting edge, D , to the inside diameter of the tube, D
diate or larger diameters are not acceptable. Lengths of tubes shown are
e i
illustrative. Proper lengths to be determined as suited to field conditions.
expressed as a percentage (see Fig. 1).
3.2.2 ovality—the cross section of the tube that deviates
TABLE 2 Dimensional Tolerances for Thin-Walled Tubes
from a perfect circle.
A
Nominal Tube Diameters from Table 1 Tolerances
4. Summary of Practice
Size Outside 2 50.8 3 76.2 5 127
Diameter in. mm in. mm in. mm
4.1 A relatively undisturbed sample is obtained by pressing
Outside diameter, D +0.007 +0.179 +0.010 +0.254 +0.015 0.381 a thin-walled metal tube into the in-situ soil at the bottom of a
o
-0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000 -0.000
boring, removing the soil-filled tube, and applying seals to the
Inside diameter, D +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000 +0.000
i
soil surfaces to prevent soil movement and moisture gain or
-0.007 -0.179 -0.010 -0.254 -0.015 -0.381
Wall thickness 60.007 60.179 60.010 60.254 60.015 60.381
loss.
Ovality 0.015 0.381 0.020 0.508 0.030 0.762
Straightness 0.030/ft 2.50/m 0.030/ft 2.50/m 0.030/ft 2.50/m
5. Significance and Use
A
Intermediate or larger diameters should be proportional. Specify only two of
5.1 This practice, or Practice D 3550 with thin wall shoe, is
thefirstthreetolerances;thatis,D andD,orD andWallthickness,orD andWall
o i o i
thickness. used when it is necessary to obtain a relatively undisturbed
specimen suitable for laboratory tests of engineering properties
or other tests that might be influenced by soil disturbance.
D 6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geo-
NOTE 2—The quality of the result produced by this standard is
technical Exploration and Soil Sampling
dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the
D 6169 Guide for Selection of Soil and Rock Sampling
Devices Used With Drill Rigs for Environmental Investi-
gations Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
NOTE 1—Minimum of two mounting holes on opposite sides for D smaller than 4 in. (101.6 mm).
o
NOTE 2—Minimum of four mounting holes equally spaced for D 4 in. (101.6 mm) and larger.
o
NOTE 3—Tube held with hardened screws or other suitable means.
NOTE 4—2-in (50.8 mm) outside-diameter tubes are specified with an 18-gage wall thickness to comply with area ratio criteria accepted for
“undisturbed samples.” Users are advised that such tubing is difficult to locate and can be extremely expensive in small quantities. Sixteen-gage tubes
are generally readily available.
Metric Equivalent Conversions
in. mm
⁄8 9.53
⁄2 12.7
1 25.4
2 50.8
3 76.2
4 101.6
5 127
FIG. 1 Thin-Walled Tube for Sampling
D1587
suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the
may not be required but venting is required to avoid sample
criteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competent
compression. Attachment of the head to the tube shall be
and objective sampling. Users of this practice. are cautioned that compli-
concentricandcoaxialtoassureuniformapplicationofforceto
ance with Practice D 3740 does not in itself assure reliable results.
the tube by the sampler insertion equipment.
Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D 5740 provides a
means of evaluating some of those factors.
7. Procedure
7.1 Remove loose material from the center of a casing or
6. Apparatus
hollow stem auger as carefully as possible to avoid disturbance
6.1 Drilling Equipment—When sampling in a boring, any
of the material to be sampled. If groundwater is encountered,
drilling equipment may be used that provides a reasonably
maintain the liquid level in the borehole at or above ground
clean hole; that minimizes disturbance of the soil to be
water level during the drilling and sampling operation.
sampled; and that does not hinder the penetration of t
...